On Ti-18Si-6B and Ti-7.5Si-22.5B powder alloys prepared by high-energy ball milling and sintering

Recently, a new ternary phase was discovered in the Ti-Si-B system, located near the Ti6Si2B composition. The present study concerns the preparation of titanium alloys that contain such phase mixed with α-titanium and other intermetallic phases. High-purity powders were initially processed in a planetary ball-mill under argon atmosphere with Ti-18Si-6B and Ti-7.5Si-22.5B at. (%) initial compositions. Variation of parameters such as rotary speed, time, and ball diameters were adopted. The as-milled powders were pressureless sintered and hot pressed. Both the as-milled and sintered materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry. Sintered samples have presented equilibrium structures formed mainly by the α-Ti+Ti6Si2B+Ti5Si3+TiB phases. Silicon and boron peaks disappear throughout the milling processes, as observed in the powder diffraction data. Furthermore, an iron contamination of up to 10 at. (%) is measured by X-ray spectroscopy analysis on some regions of the sintered samples. Density, hardness and tribological results for these two compositions are also presented here.

Aufbau des Crystal-Ball-Detektorsystems und Untersuchung der Helizitätsasymmetrie in gamma p p pi 0 pi 0

Seit Frühjahr 2004 wird der Crystal Ball-Detektor am Photonenstrahl des Mainzer Mikrotrons für Koinzidenzexperimente zur Untersuchung der Struktur der Nukleonen genutzt. Aufbau und Inbetriebnahme des Kalorimeters, insbesondere der neuen Detektorelektronik, bilden einen Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit. Komponenten wurden neu konstruiert oder auf ihre Verwendbarkeit geprüft und nögenfalls modifiziert. Nach erfolgreichem Abschluss der Aufbauphase wurden Experimente zur Produktion von $pi$- und $eta$-Mesonen am Proton mit mehr als 2500 Stunden Strahlbetrieb durchgeführt. Den zweiten Schwerpunkt der Dissertation bildet die erstmalige Messung der Helizitätsasymmetrie I$^odot$ in der Photoproduktion zweier neutraler Pionen. Zum Verstädnis des Anregungsspektrums der Nukleonen müssen Experimente mit polarisierten Photonen und/oder polarisierten Targets durchgeführt werden. Da Modelle trotz unterschiedlicher Annahmen unpolarisiert gemessene Größen vergleichbar gut reproduzieren, ist die Bestimmung der auf Modellunterschiede empfindlichen Polarisationsobservablen unumgäglich. Im Gegensatz zur Einpionproduktion tritt in der Zweipionproduktion eine Einfachpolarisationsobservable auf, die mit zirkular polarisierten Photonen am unpolarisierten Proton gemessen werden kann. Diese wurde in der Reaktion $gamma$ p $rightarrow$ p $pi^0$ $pi^0$ und in $gamma$ p $rightarrow$ p $pi^+$ $pi^-$ energie- und winkelabhägig bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse weichen stark von den Modellvorhersagen ab.

Validation of targeting the ventrointermediate thalamic nucleus using Q-ball calculation in deep brain stimulation for tremor

Objective: Identification of the ventrointermediate thalamic nucleus (Vim) in modern 3T high-field MRI for image-based targeting in deep brain stimulation (DBS) is still challenging. To evaluate the usefulness and reliability of analyzing the connectivity with the cerebellum using Q-ball-calculation we performed a retrospective analysis. Method: 5 patients who underwent bilateral implantation of electrodes in the Vim for treatment of Essential Tremor between 2011 and 2012 received additional preoperative Q-ball imaging. Targeting was performed according to atlas coordinates and standard MRI. Additionally we performed a retrospective identification of the Vim by analyzing the connectivity of the thalamus with the dentate nucleus. The exact position of the active stimulation contact in the postoperative CT was correlated with the Vim as it was identified by Q-ball calculation. Results: Localization of the Vim by analysis of the connectivity between thalamus and cerebellum was successful in all 5 patients on both sides. The average position of the active contacts was 14.6 mm (SD 1.24) lateral, 5.37 mm (SD 0.094 posterior and 2.21 mm (SD 0.69) cranial of MC. The cranial portion of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract was localized an average of 3.38 mm (SD 1.57) lateral and 1.5 mm (SD 1.22) posterior of the active contact. Conclusions: Connectivity analysis by Q-ball calculation provided direct visualization of the Vim in all cases. Our preliminary results suggest, that the target determined by connectivity analysis is valid and could possibly be used in addition to or even instead of atlas based targeting. Larger prospective calculations are needed to determine the robustness of this method in providing refined information useful for neurosurgical treatment of tremor.

Penestragania apicalis (Osborn & Ball,1898),another invasive Nearctic leafhopper found in Europe

In 2010 the Nearctic leafhopper Penestragania apicalis (Osb.& Ball) was found for the first time in Europe. Altogether there are now 16 known localities in France, Switzerland, Germany and Austria indicating that the species is well established for a rather long period and more widespread in Europe and perhaps worldwide. As in North America it lives on honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.), overwinters in the egg stage and probably has one or two generations a year, with adults at least from late June until early October. It is yet unclear if it causes relevant damage to the host plant in Europe.