Los efectos de la transposición didáctica en la enseñanza del lenguaje escrito

En el presente proyecto se pretende explorar si los textos que se requieren a los alumnos responden a las características y exigencias de los textos de mayor circulación social que supuestamente serán requeridos por la sociedad una vez que los niños egresan de la etapa de escolaridad obligatoria. Un primer análisis de los textos escritos por los alumnos, registrados en sus cuadernos como "tareas de composición" permitió observar transformaciones sustanciales que los distancian notablemente de las características y estructuras esenciales definidas por la lingüística textual y la pragmática discursiva. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la distancia que separa los textos escolares de los textos sociales desde una perspectiva de los estudios actuales de transposición didáctica. Se caracteriza a la transposición didáctica como un proceso complejo de transformaciones adaptativas mediante el cual el conocimiento elaborado en el plano científico se convierte en conocimiento escolarizado. En el proyecto se propone explorar las transformaciones que se producen en la enseñanza del lenguaje escrito, focalizando el análisis en dos planos: 1. El plano textual pretende: detectar la distancia que se produce en el contexto de producción y los textos de circulación social con las condiciones de producción efectivamente por los alumnos. Además, comparar las características configuracionales y discursivas que identifican a los textos sociales y escolares. 2. Plano ortográficos tal como son descriptos por la disciplina de referencia y como son vehiculizados en el aula. Interesa elaborar categorías de transposición didáctica al lenguaje escrito, planos de análisis para describir las transformaciones que se producen durante el proceso de pedagogización del saber. Al evidenciar las transformaciones que se infringe al lenguaje escrito como consecuencia de ciertas prácticas pedagógicas, se pretende contribuir a repensar las mismas con el propósito de neutralizar los efectos distorsionantes de la transposición didáctica.

Medindo a pressão arterial em exercício aeróbico: subsídios para reabilitação cardíaca

FUNDAMENTO: Documentos institucionais recomendam que variáveis hemodinâmicas - frequência cardíaca (FC) e pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) - sejam rotineiramente controladas na parte aeróbica de sessões de exercício supervisionado para cardiopatas. OBJETIVO: a) Determinar o comportamento e a reprodutibilidade da PA ao longo de 15 minutos de exercício de intensidade constante e moderada; b) comparar a medida de PA obtida com equipamentos digital e convencional no exercício. MÉTODOS: Trinta adultos de ambos os sexos (de 65 ± 11 anos) foram avaliados em 15 minutos no cicloergômetro de membros inferiores. A PA foi medida a cada dois minutos: entre o 3º e o 13º minutos, pelo esfigmomanômetro digital Tango (Suntech, Estados Unidos da América) e, no 14º minuto, pelo esfigmomanômetro de coluna de mercúrio. Sete dias depois e em horário similar, seis indivíduos repetiram o protocolo para avaliar a reprodutibilidade. RESULTADOS: Enquanto a PAD não variou ao longo do exercício (p > 0,05), a PAS aumentou do 3º para o 7º minuto (146±4,1 versus 158±4,5 mmHg, p < 0,05) e depois se manteve praticamente constante. As medidas digital e convencional correlacionaram-se fortemente - r = 0,83 para PAS e 0,84 para PAD -, sem diferenças para PAS (163±4,5 versus 162±4,3 mmHg; p > 0,05) e uma pequena diferença para a PAD (72±2,4 versus 78±2,3 mmHg; p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Para exercícios de intensidade moderada e constante no cicloergômetro com 15 minutos de duração, a medida da PA deverá ser feita a partir do sétimo minuto. As medidas digitais com o Tango e convencionais de PA foram, para efeitos clínicos, muito similares e reprodutíveis.

Entwicklung der Qualitätsindikatoren nach der Einführung eines Qualitäts- und Informationsmanagementsystems an der Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg

Magdeburg, Univ., Medizin. Fakultät, Diss., 2009

definitive, externe Strahlentherapie des lokal begrenzten Prostatakarzinoms : retrospektive Analyse von 204 Patienten der Klinik für Strahlentherapie der Universität Magdeburg aus den Jahren 1995 bis 2005

Magdeburg, Univ., Medizin. Fakultät, Diss., 2010

Optimierung des IR-Einsatzes in der Spritzgießtechnik

[s.c.]

Comparison of porcine and human coagulation by thrombelastometry.

Introduction: Although the pig is a standard model for the evaluation of various diseases in humans, including coagulopathy, it is not clear whether results in animals can be extrapolated to man.Materials and methods: In 75 anesthetized pigs, we assessed reagent-supported thrombelastometry (ExTEM (R)), platelet-blocked thrombelastometry (FibTEM (R)), and aprotinin thrombelastometry (ApTEM (R)). Results were compared to values from 13 anesthetized humans.Results (median, 95% CI): ExTEM (R) : While clot strength was comparable in pigs (66 mm, 65-67 mm) and in humans (64 mm, 60-68 mm; NS), clotting time in animals was longer (pigs 64 s, 62-66 s; humans 55 s, 49-71 s; P<0.05) and clot formation time shorter (pigs 52 s, 49-54 s; humans 83 s, 67-98 s, P<0.001). The clot lysis index at 30 minutes was lower in animals (96.9%, 95.1-97.3%) than in humans (99.5%, 98.6-99.9%; P<0.001). ApTEM (R) showed no hyperfibrinolysis in animals. Modification of the anesthesia protocol in animals resulted in significant ExTEM (R) changes. FibTEM (R) : Complete platelet inhibition yielded significantly higher platelet contribution to clot strength in pigs (79%, 76-81%) than in humans (73%, 71-77%; P<0.05), whereas fibrinogen contribution to clot strength was higher in humans (27%, 24-29%) than in animals (21%, 19-24%; P<0.05).Conclusions: Maximum clot firmness is comparable in human and porcine blood. However, clot lysis, platelet and fibrinogen contribution to clot strength, as well as initiation and propagation of clotting, are considerably different between pigs and humans. In addition, anesthesic drugs seem to influence thrombelastometry in animals. Accordingly, coagulation abnormalities in pigs subjected to diseases may not necessarily represent the coagulation profile in sick patients. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Complex landslide behaviour and structural controlled by the structures: A 3D conceptual model example of Åknes rockslide, Norway

Åknes is an active complex large rockslide of approximately 30?40 Mm3 located within the Proterozoic gneisses of western Norway. The observed surface displacements indicate that this rockslide is divided into several blocks moving in different directions at velocities of between 3 and 10 cm year?1. Because of regional safety issues and economic interests this rockslide has been extensively monitored since 2004. The understanding of the deformation mechanism is crucial for the implementation of a viable monitoring system. Detailed field investigations and the analysis of a digital elevation model (DEM) indicate that the movements and the block geometry are controlled by the main schistosity (S1) in gneisses, folds, joints and regional faults. Such complex slope deformations use pre-existing structures, but also result in new failure surfaces and deformation zones, like preferential rupture in fold-hinge zones. Our interpretation provides a consistent conceptual three-dimensional (3D) model for the movements measured by various methods that is crucial for numerical stability modelling. In addition, this reinterpretation of the morphology confirms that in the past several rockslides occurred from the Åknes slope. They may be related to scars propagating along the vertical foliation in folds hinges. Finally, a model of the evolution of the Åknes slope is presented.

Le sarcome indifférencié du foie: une tumeur rare chez l'enfant [Undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver: a rare tumor of childhood]

Undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver is a rare primary tumor of childhood: only about 150 cases have been reported in the literature. CASE-REPORT: A 10 year-old girl was admitted because of diarrhea and weight loss. Sonography, then CT-scan and MRI showed a large tumor of the liver. COMMENTS: In the differential diagnosis of primary liver tumors in children, one should think about undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver, especially if imaging shows haemorrhagic foci and if sonography and CT/MRI display a discordant appearance. Survival has improved in the last decade due to agressive surgery and intensive chemotherapy.