Estimating traveltimes and groundwater flow patterns using 3D time-lapse crosshole ERT imaging of electrical resistivity fluctuations induced by infiltrating river water

The infiltration of river water into aquifers is of high relevance to drinking-water production and is a key driver of biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic and riparian zone, but the distribution and quantification of the infiltrating water are difficult to determine using conventional hydrological methods (e.g., borehole logging and tracer tests). By time-lapse inverting crosshole ERT (electrical resistivity tomography) monitoring data, we imaged groundwater flow patterns driven by river water infiltrating a perialpine gravel aquifer in northeastern Switzerland. This was possible because the electrical resistivity of the infiltrating water changed during rainfall-runoff events. Our time-lapse resistivity models indicated rather complex flow patterns as a result of spatially heterogeneous bank filtration and aquifer heterogeneity. The upper part of the aquifer was most affected by the river infiltrate, and the highest groundwater velocities and possible preferential flow occurred at shallow to intermediate depths. Time series of the reconstructed resistivity models matched groundwater electrical resistivity data recorded on borehole loggers in the upper and middle parts of the aquifer, whereas the resistivity models displayed smaller variations and delayed responses with respect to the logging data. in the lower part. This study demonstrated that crosshole ERT monitoring of natural electrical resistivity variations of river infiltrate could be used to image and quantify 3D bank filtration and aquifer dynamics at a high spatial resolution.

Biologia e tabela de vida de fertilidade de Agrotis ipsilon em dieta artificial

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma dieta artificial para criação de Agrotis ipsilon em laboratório com base em parâmetros biológicos e na tabela de vida de fertilidade. A dieta artificial utilizada continha feijão, caseína, proteína de soja, levedura e germe de trigo como fontes protéicas. Os parâmetros biológicos duração e viabilidade das fases larval e pupal, peso de pupas, de ambos os sexos, com 24 horas de idade, razão sexual, longevidade dos adultos, período de pré-oviposição e número de ovos produzidos por fêmea e a tabela de vida de fertilidade foram avaliados. Foram observados seis ínstares larvais com duração de 25,4 dias e viabilidade de 93%. A duração da fase pupal foi de 12,4 dias e viabilidade de 96%. A viabilidade de ciclo total foi 72%. O peso de pupas foi 387 mg (machos) e 484 mg (fêmeas). A razão sexual foi 0,46. O período de pré-oviposição foi de um dia, com 1.806 ovos por fêmea. Na tabela de vida verificou-se que a taxa líquida de reprodução e a razão finita de aumento foram 616,9 e 1,14, respectivamente. A dieta artificial é adequada à manutenção da criação de A. ipsilon, em laboratório.

Intersecciones entre visión artificial y mirada artística. Semantic Intersections between Artificial and Artistic Vision.

En el presente artículo se ha desarrollado un sistema capaz de categorizar de forma automática la base de datos de imágenes que sirven de punto de partida para la ideación y diseño en la producción artística del escultor M. Planas. La metodología utilizada está basada en características locales. Para la construcción de un vocabulario visual se sigue un procedimiento análogo al que se utiliza en el análisis automático de textos (modelo 'Bag-of-Words'-BOW) y en el ámbito de las imágenes nos referiremos a representaciones 'Bag-of-Visual Terms' (BOV). En este enfoque se analizan las imágenes como un conjunto de regiones, describiendo solamente su apariencia e ignorando su estructura espacial. Para superar los inconvenientes de polisemia y sinonimia que lleva asociados esta metodología, se utiliza el análisis probabilístico de aspectos latentes (PLSA) que detecta aspectos subyacentes en las imágenes, patrones formales. Los resultados obtenidos son prometedores y, además de la utilidad intrínseca de la categorización automática de imágenes, este método puede proporcionar al artista un punto de vista auxiliar muy interesante.

Biologia e tabela de vida de fertilidade de Hypercompe indecisa em dieta artificial

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a biologia de Hypercompe indecisa e construir a tabela de vida de fertilidade em dieta artificial, para criação em laboratório. Foram determinados: duração e sobrevivência das fases de ovo, larva e pupa; número de estádios larvais; razão sexual; peso de pupas; longevidade; fecundidade; e períodos de pré-oviposição e oviposição. Os períodos embrionário, larval e pupal foram de 6, 25,4 e 64,3 dias, com sobrevivência de 92,7, 92 e 71,9%, respectivamente. Foram observados seis estádios larvais com durações variáveis. O peso de pupas foi: 1,04 g para fêmeas e 0,726 g para machos. O ciclo biológico foi de 95,6 dias com sobrevivência total de 61,3%. As fêmeas colocaram, em média, 1.531 ovos durante 8,3 dias, e com um período de pré-oviposição de dois dias. A longevidade média de machos e fêmeas foi de 21,9 e 21,8 dias, respectivamente, e a razão sexual de machos para fêmeas foi 0,54. A espécie H. indecisa aumentou 283 vezes a cada geração, e a duração média de uma geração é de 98 dias, e a razão finita de aumento é de 1,0593. A dieta artificial utilizada foi adequada para a criação de H. indecisa, em laboratório.

Biologia floral e polinização artificial de pinhão-manso no norte de Minas Gerais

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar alguns aspectos da biologia floral e do sistema reprodutivo de Jatropha curcas, em Janaúba, MG. Foram registrados: o número de flores femininas e masculinas; o intervalo de abertura das flores femininas; e a formação de frutos por apomixia, autofecundação, geitonogamia e xenogamia. A proporção de flores masculinas para femininas foi de 20:1. O intervalo de abertura das flores femininas variou de um a sete dias, conforme o número delas na inflorescência. No teste de apomixia, houve formação de frutos em apenas 5% das flores avaliadas. A percentagem de frutificação variou de 79 a 88% na autofecundação manual, na geitonogamia e na xenogamia. Na autofecundação sem a polinização manual a frutificação foi de 20%, e os frutos formados foram significativamente menores, com número inferior de sementes por fruto e menor índice de velocidade de emergência. As sementes foram semelhantes às formadas por polinização natural. é possível a realização de cruzamentos controlados em pinhão-manso, e não há autoincompatibilidade nesta espécie.

Health consultation : Hills, Iowa Perchlorate Groundwater Contamination Site 2012 Update Hills, Johnson County, Iowa CERCLIS No. IAN000704368 (2012)

The Iowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) has requested that the Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH) complete an update of the health consultation for the Hills, Iowa Perchlorate Groundwater Contamination Site that was originally completed in June 2004. In this updated health consultation, the IDPH will: 1) summarize background information on this site, 2) summarize the progress of work that has been completed regarding the site, 3) summarize the environmental data that has been collected, 4) summarize toxicological information and regulatory information regarding perchlorate, and 5) provide an update to any conclusions and recommendations from the Iowa Department of Public Health. The Iowa Department of Public Health’s priority is to ensure the Hills community has the best information possible to safeguard its health and the IDNR has the best information to guide its activities. That information is included in the following paragraphs.

Biology and morphometrics of the immature stages of Epinotia aporema on artificial diet

The objective of this work was to establish a life table for the immature stages of Epinotia aporema, as part of a wider investigation on its biological control. Insects were reared on an artificial diet at 25±1ºC and a 16:8 (light:dark) hour photoperiod. For the identification of larval instars for the study of pathogen-insect interactions under laboratory conditions, head capsule widths (HCWs) were also determined. The egg incubation period was 4.13±0.30 days, larval stage took 11.64±0.49 days, and the development time of the pupal phase was sex-dependent with 8.51±0.69 days for the females and 9.41±0.65 days for the males. Five larval instars were identified.

Mineralogical alteration of artificial meteorites during atmospheric entry. The STONE-5 experiment

The generic concept of the artificial meteorite experiment STONE is to fix rock samples bearing microorganisms on the heat shield of a recoverable space capsule and to study their modifications during atmospheric re-entry. The STONE-5 experiment was performed mainly to answer astrobiological questions. The rock samples mounted on the heat shield were used (i) as a carrier for microorganisms and (ii) as internal control to verify whether physical conditions during atmospheric re-entry were comparable to those experienced by "real" meteorites. Samples of dolerite (an igneous rock), sandstone (a sedimentary rock), and gneiss impactite from Haughton Crater carrying endolithic cyanobacteria were fixed to the heat shield of the unmanned recoverable capsule FOTON-M2. Holes drilled on the back side of each rock sample were loaded with bacterial and fungal spores and with dried vegetative cryptoendoliths. The front of the gneissic sample was also soaked with cryptoendoliths. <p>The mineralogical differences between pre- and post-flight samples are detailed. Despite intense ablation resulting in deeply eroded samples, all rocks in part survived atmospheric re-entry. Temperatures attained during re-entry were high enough to melt dolerite, silica, and the gneiss impactite sample. The formation of fusion crusts in STONE-5 was a real novelty and strengthens the link with real meteorites. The exposed part of the dolerite is covered by a fusion crust consisting of silicate glass formed from the rock sample with an admixture of holder material (silica). Compositionally, the fusion crust varies from silica-rich areas (undissolved silica fibres of the holder material) to areas whose composition is "basaltic". Likewise, the fusion crust on the exposed gneiss surface was formed from gneiss with an admixture of holder material. The corresponding composition of the fusion crust varies from silica-rich areas to areas with "gneiss" composition (main component potassium-rich feldspar). The sandstone sample was retrieved intact and did not develop a fusion crust. Thermal decomposition of the calcite matrix followed by disintegration and liberation of the silicate grains prevented the formation of a melt.</p> <p>Furthermore, the non-exposed surface of all samples experienced strong thermal alterations. Hot gases released during ablation pervaded the empty space between sample and sample holder leading to intense local heating. The intense heating below the protective sample holder led to surface melting of the dolerite rock and to the formation of calcium-silicate rims on quartz grains in the sandstone sample. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>

Cross-validation of methods used for analysis of MTBE and other gasoline components in groundwater.

Head space gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (HS-GC-FID), ancl purge and trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (P&T-GC-MS) have been used to determine methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and benzene, toluene, and the ylenes (BTEX) in groundwater. In the work discussed in this paper measures of quality, e.g. recovery (94-111%), precision (4.6 - 12.2%), limits of detection (0.3 - 5.7 I~g L 1 for HS and 0.001 I~g L 1 for PT), and robust-ness, for both methods were compared. In addition, for purposes of comparison, groundwater samples from areas suffering from odor problems because of fuel spillage and tank leakage were analyzed by use of both techniques. For high concentration levels there was good correlation between results from both methods.

Crescimento de eucalipto sob efeito de desfolhamento artificial

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do desfolhamento total, realizado após o plantio e ao longo do primeiro ano de cultivo, sobre o crescimento de Eucalyptus grandis, desde a implantação até ao corte do povoamento. Foram avaliados cinco tratamentos: sem desfolhamento; um desfolhamento aos 56 dias após o plantio (DAP); dois desfolhamentos, aos 56 e 143 DAP; dois desfolhamentos, aos 56 e 267 DAP; e três desfolhamentos, aos 56, 143 e 278 DAP. Foram mensurados os diâmetros do tronco a 1,3 m e a altura total de 60 árvores por tratamento, em oito avaliações, do 21º ao 92º mês de cultivo. O crescimento médio em cada tratamento foi descrito por modelos de regressão não lineares e comparados por testes de identidade para comparar as tendências entre a testemunha e os demais tratamentos. O desfolhamento causou reduções significativas nas taxas de crescimento em diâmetro e altura das plantas, e diminuição expressiva no faturamento ao final da rotação, mesmo quando realizado uma única vez, no início do plantio. Maiores danos, no entanto, foram verificados após consecutivos desfolhamentos ao longo do primeiro ano de cultivo. A manutenção de áreas que tenham sofrido desfolhamento total na fase inicial de plantio pode tornar-se uma medida economicamente inviável.

Public health assessment : Railroad Avenue groundwater contamination, West Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa EPA facility ID: IA0001610963 (2004)

The Railroad Avenue groundwater contamination site (the site) is in West Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa. Located on approximately 120 acres. The site comprises mixed residential, industrial and commercial properties. Underneath the site, chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have contaminatcd the shallow (i.e., 30-50 feet deep) groundwater. These compounds have compromised several shallow wells within the West Des Moines water works system. A contamination source, however, has not yet been identified. In 1993, routine water analysis by the City of West Des Moines identified 1, 2 cis-dichlorocthylcne (1, 2 cis-DCE) at a concentration of 1.2 μg/L (micrograms) per liter of water) in the water supply. Subsequently. several shallow municipal wells were found to be contaminated by VOCs, including 1. 2 cis-DCE, trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and benzene. Five of these wells have been taken out of service. Because of the impact on the West Des Moines water supply, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has assigned the site to the National Priorities List. Surface water und sediment at the site have not been impacted by the VOCs. Testing for VOCs in surface soils has not revealed any significant VOC contamination. Subsurface soils -- generally 8 feet or greater in depth -- are contaminated with VOCs, but at levels which should not present a health hazard. The past, present, and future health hazard category chosen for this site is no apparent public health hazard. This category is used when exposure to toxins might be occurring or might have occurrcd in the past, but at levels below any known health hazard. Analysis of available environmental data has not revealed that residental or commercial water customers are or have been exposed to VOCs at concentrations that might cause any adverse health effects.

Health consultation : Climbing Hill groundwater contaminiation site, Climbing Hill, Woodbury County, Iowa (2004)

The Iowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) asked the Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH) Hazardous Waste Site Health Assessment Program to perform a health consultation for the Climbing Hill, Iowa, groundwater contamination site. IDNR wants to know if the site poses a public health hazard. The information in this health consultation was current at the time of writing. Data that emerges later could alter this document’s conclusions and recommendations. Climbing Hill is an unincorporated town in Woodbury County, Iowa, approximately 15 miles southeast of Sioux City. The town has approximately 120 residents. All of the residents and most businesses within the town use private wells to supply their drinking water. The local restaurant has an individual well that is classified as a public water supply system because it has the potential to serve more than 25 people in a day. Several wells in the town have become contaminated with gasoline and diesel fuel leaking from two underground storage tanks. All of the wells are roughly 75–80 feet deep (R. Cardinale, IDNR, Underground Storage Tank Section, personal communication, January 30, 2004).

Health consultation : Hills, Iowa perchlorate groundwater contamination site, Hills, Johnson County, EPA facility ID: IAN 000704368 (2004)

The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 7, as well as concerned citizens, asked the Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH) Hazardous Waste Site Health Assessment Program to perform a health consultation for the Hills, Iowa Perchlorate Groundwater Contamination Site. Specifically, IDPH was asked to determine if EPA’s action of providing bottled water to residents whose private wells had concentrations of greater than 18 μg/L (micrograms per liter) or 18 parts per billion (ppb) perchlorate is protective of public health, and to address some community health concerns. The information included in this health consultation was current at the time of writing. Data that emerges later could alter this document’s conclusions and recommendations.

Produtividade e qualidade de frutos de cultivares de maracujazeiro-amarelo com ou sem polinização artificial

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da polinização artificial na produtividade e qualidade de frutos de cultivares de maracujazeiro-amarelo. Foram utilizadas sete cultivares comerciais de maracujazeiro-amarelo, em dois experimentos realizados na região de Tangará da Serra, MT, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições e parcelas constituídas por duas linhas de quatro plantas. No primeiro experimento, a polinização foi natural; no segundo, foi realizada a polinização artificial, duas vezes por semana. O plantio foi feito no dia 11 de janeiro de 2010 e as colheitas no período de julho de 2010 à março de 2011. A polinização artificial aumentou a produtividade de todas as cultivares, mas estas apresentaram diferentes sensibilidades à técnica. Quando a polinização artificial foi utilizada, as cultivares FB 100, FB 200 e BRS Ouro Vermelho tiveram maior rendimento do que IAC 275, IAC 277, BRS Sol do Cerrado e BRS Gigante Amarelo. A polinização artificial aumenta a produtividade, a massa de fruto, o diâmetro e comprimento de fruto e a percentagem de polpa, e reduz a espessura de casca. Há indicação de forte interação genótipo por ambiente, quanto à produtividade das cultivares avaliadas.