874 resultados para Aorta abdominal
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INTRODUÇÃO: As cirurgias bariátricas são cada vez mais frequentes no tratamento dos pacientes portadores de obesidade mórbida. A grande perda ponderal decorrente desses procedimentos causa excesso de pele e de tecido subcutâneo em todo o corpo, especialmente na região abdominal. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a técnica de abdominoplastia vertical como alternativa para a ressecção do excesso de pele nesses pacientes. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados, retrospectivamente, os prontuários de 40 pacientes submetidos ao procedimento entre 2004 e 2009. O grau de satisfação dos pacientes foi avaliado através de escala subjetiva, com notas variando de 0 a 10. RESULTADOS: Vinte e cinco por cento dos pacientes apresentaram pequenas complicações, sendo 3 seromas, 3 pequenas deiscências e 5 cicatrizes hipertróficas, todas tratadas ambulatorialmente. Dois terços dos pacientes relataram alto grau de satisfação, considerando seus resultados bons (notas 7 ou 8) ou ótimos (notas 9 ou 10). CONCLUSÕES: A técnica de abdominoplastia vertical aparece como uma nova opção para o tratamento do excesso de pele abdominal em pacientes ex-obesos.
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High systolic blood pressure caused by endothelial dysfunction is a comorbidity of metabolic syndrome that is mediated by local inflammatory signals. Insulin-induced vasorelaxation due to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation is highly dependent on the activation of the upstream insulin-stimulated serine/threonine kinase (AKT) and is severely impaired in obese, hypertensive rodents and humans. Neutralisation of circulating tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) with infliximab improves glucose homeostasis, but the consequences of this pharmacological strategy on systolic blood pressure and eNOS activation are unknown. To address this issue, we assessed the temporal changes in the systolic pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated with infliximab. We also assessed the activation of critical proteins that mediate insulin activity and TNFα-mediated insulin resistance in the aorta and cardiac left ventricle. Our data demonstrate that infliximab prevents the upregulation of both systolic pressure and left ventricle hypertrophy in SHR. These effects paralleled an increase in AKT/eNOS phosphorylation and a reduction in the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (Iκβ) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the aorta. Overall, our study revealed the cardiovascular benefits of infliximab in SHR. In addition, the present findings further suggested that the reduction of systolic pressure and left ventricle hypertrophy by infliximab are secondary effects to the reduction of endothelial inflammation and the recovery of AKT/eNOS pathway activation.
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Objetivos: Estudar o efeito da Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica sobre as lesões causadas pela radiação ionizante na veia cava e aorta. Método: Foram utilizados 32 ratos adultos distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos: 3 no grupo controle; 10 no grupo oxigenoterapia hiperbárica (5 sessões e 3 ATA e após 3 dias, operados), 9 no grupo radioterapia (8 sessões de 5Gy, atingindo 54Gy, sendo operados após 7 dias), 10 no grupo radioterapia e oxigenoterapia hiperbárica (procedimento radioterapia, observação por 7 dias, submetidos a 5 sessões de oxigenoterapia hiperbárica e após 3 dias, são operados. Ressecamos a veia cava e aorta infrarenal para estudo morfológico (integridade endotelial, infiltrado inflamatório e integridade da vasa-vasorum), avaliação do ciclo celular pelo método do AgNOR e índice de apoptose nas distintas camadas dos vasos, através da Caspase-3 (imuno-histoquímica). Resultados: O grupo radioterapia – oxigenoterapia hiperbárica apresentou diminuição estatisticamente significativa das alterações morfológicas em vasa-vasorum, aumento da atividade celular na camada média e também diminuição do índice de apoptose nas camadas íntima e média da aorta infra-renal quando comparados ao grupo apenas submetidos à radiação ionizante. A lesões rádio induzidas na veia cava não apresentaram melhora significativa com a oxigenoterapia hiperbárica Conclusão: A oxigenoterapia hiperbárica é capaz de minimizar as lesões radio-induzidas em fase aguda em aorta.
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Cardiac morphogenesis is a complex process governed by evolutionarily conserved transcription factors and signaling molecules. The Drosophila cardiac tube is linear, made of 52 pairs of cardiomyocytes (CMs), which express specific transcription factor genes that have human homologues implicated in Congenital Heart Diseases (CHDs) (NKX2-5, GATA4 and TBX5). The Drosophila cardiac tube is linear and composed of a rostral portion named aorta and a caudal one called heart, distinguished by morphological and functional differences controlled by Hox genes, key regulators of axial patterning. Overexpression and inactivation of the Hox gene abdominal-A (abd-A), which is expressed exclusively in the heart, revealed that abd-A controls heart identity. The aim of our work is to isolate the heart-specific cisregulatory sequences of abd-A direct target genes, the realizator genes granting heart identity. In each segment of the heart, four pairs of cardiomyocytes (CMs) express tinman (tin), homologous to NKX2-5, and acquire strong contractile and automatic rhythmic activities. By tyramide amplified FISH, we found that seven genes, encoding ion channels, pumps or transporters, are specifically expressed in the Tin-CMs of the heart. We initially used online available tools to identify their heart-specific cisregutatory modules by looking for Conserved Non-coding Sequences containing clusters of binding sites for various cardiac transcription factors, including Hox proteins. Based on these data we generated several reporter gene constructs and transgenic embryos, but none of them showed reporter gene expression in the heart. In order to identify additional abd-A target genes, we performed microarray experiments comparing the transcriptomes of aorta versus heart and identified 144 genes overexpressed in the heart. In order to find the heart-specific cis-regulatory regions of these target genes we developed a new bioinformatic approach where prediction is based on pattern matching and ordered statistics. We first retrieved Conserved Noncoding Sequences from the alignment between the D.melanogaster and D.pseudobscura genomes. We scored for combinations of conserved occurrences of ABD-A, ABD-B, TIN, PNR, dMEF2, MADS box, T-box and E-box sites and we ranked these results based on two independent strategies. On one hand we ranked the putative cis-regulatory sequences according to best scored ABD-A biding sites, on the other hand we scored according to conservation of binding sites. We integrated and ranked again the two lists obtained independently to produce a final rank. We generated nGFP reporter construct flies for in vivo validation. We identified three 1kblong heart-specific enhancers. By in vivo and in vitro experiments we are determining whether they are direct abd-A targets, demonstrating the role of a Hox gene in the realization of heart identity. The identified abd-A direct target genes may be targets also of the NKX2-5, GATA4 and/or TBX5 homologues tin, pannier and Doc genes, respectively. The identification of sequences coregulated by a Hox protein and the homologues of transcription factors causing CHDs, will provide a mean to test whether these factors function as Hox cofactors granting cardiac specificity to Hox proteins, increasing our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying CHDs. Finally, it may be investigated whether these Hox targets are involved in CHDs.
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rograma de doctorado: Avances en Traumatología, Medicina del Deporte, Cuidados de Heridas (Interdepartamental). Bienio 2007/2008.
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Background: Kasashima et al hanno individuato nella popolazione giapponese un sottogruppo di aneurismi aortici addominali (AAA) infiammatori con le caratteristiche clinico patologiche della Malattia autoimmune Sistemica IgG4 Correlata. La distinzione tra i diversi gruppi di AAA è clinicamente importante sia per il follow up che per il trattamento di questa patologia. Obiettivo dello studio era la valutazione della componente flogistica, vascolare e stromale della parete aortica aneurismatica, la ricerca di aneurismi infiammatori ed in particolare di AAA- IgG4 correlati anche nella popolazione caucasica. Materiali e metodi: Sono stati esaminati i dati relativi a 21 pazienti trattati chirurgicamente per AAA presso l’Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Vascolare di Ferrara. Sono state eseguite analisi immunoistochimiche di prelievi intraoperatori di parete aortica aneurismatica. Risultati: I dati emersi hanno identificato 3 sottopopolazioni di pazienti con AAA: aneurismi di tipo aterosclerotico con negatività ai markers infiammatori (AAAa), aneurismi infiammatori con positività ai markers infiammatori e negatività per le IgG4 (AAAI) ed infine aneurismi infiammatori con positività alle IgG4 (AAAI-IgG4). Conclusioni: Questo studio ha confermato l’ipotesi che la malattia aneurismatica IgG4 correlata è presente anche nella popolazione caucasica. Con il proseguimento del nostro studio sarà interessante verificare la conferma di questi dati anche in altri pazienti al fine di ricercare la miglior strategia terapeutica e minimizzare il rischio di complicanze.
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Descrizione del metodo proposto da Stergiopulos N. per la stima della complianza arteriosa totale tramite misura della velocità d'onda in aorta.
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La Valvola Aortica Bicuspide (BAV) rappresenta la più comune anomalia cardiaca congenita, con un’incidenza dello 0,5%-2% nella popolazione generale. Si caratterizza per la presenza di due cuspidi valvolari anziché tre e comprende diverse forme. La BAV è frequentemente associata agli aneurismi dell’aorta toracica (TAA). La dilatazione dell’aorta espone al rischio di sviluppare le complicanze aortiche acute. Materiali e metodi Sono stati reclutati 20 probandi consecutivi sottoposti a chirurgia della valvola aortica e dell'aorta ascendente presso l'Unità di Chirurgia Cardiaca di Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi di TAA associata a BAV. Sono stati esclusi individui con una condizione sindromica predisponente l’aneurisma aortico. Ciascun familiare maggiorenne di primo grado è stato arruolato nello studio. L’analisi di mutazioni dell’intero gene ACTA2 è stata eseguita con la tecnica del “bidirectional direct sequencing”. Nelle forme familiari, l’intera porzione codificante del genoma è stata eseguita usando l’exome sequencing. Risultati Dopo il sequenziamento di tutti i 20 esoni e giunzioni di splicing di ACTA2 nei 20 probandi, non è stata individuata alcuna mutazione. Settantasette familiari di primo grado sono stati arruolati. Sono state identificate cinque forme familiari. In una famiglia è stata trovata una mutazione del gene MYH11 non ritenuta patogenetica. Conclusioni La mancanza di mutazioni, sia nelle forme sporadiche sia in quelle familiari, ci suggerisce che questo gene non è coinvolto nello sviluppo della BAV e TAA e, l’associazione che è stata riportata deve essere considerata occasionale. L’architettura genetica della BAV verosimilmente dovrebbe consistere in svariate differenti varianti genetiche che interagiscono in maniera additiva nel determinare un aumento del rischio.
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Background. Ageing and inflammation are critical for the occurrence of aortic diseases. Extensive inflammatory infiltrate and excessive ECM proteloysis, mediated by MMPs, are typical features of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been detected within the vascular wall and represent attractive candidates for regenerative medicine, in virtue of mesodermal lineage differentiation and immunomodulatory activity. Meanwhile, many works have underlined an impaired MSC behaviour under pathological conditions. This study was aimed to define a potential role of vascular MSCs to AAA development. Methods. Aortic tissues were collected from AAA patients and healthy donors. Our analysis was organized on three levels: 1) histology of AAA wall; 2) detection of MSCs and evaluation of MMP-9 expression on AAA tissue; 3) MSC isolation from AAA wall and characterization for mesenchymal/stemness markers, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and EMMPRIN. AAA-MSCs were tested for immunomodulation, when cultured together with activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In addition, a co-colture of both healthy and AAA MSCs was assessed and afterwards MMP-2/9 mRNA levels were analyzed. Results. AAA-MSCs showed basic mesenchymal properties: fibroblastic shape, MSC antigens, stemness genes. MMP-9 mRNA, protein and enzymatic activity were significantly increased in AAA-MSCs. Moreover, AAA-MSCs displayed a weak immunosuppressive activity, as shown by PBMC ongoing along cell cycle. MMP-9 was shown to be modulated at the transcriptional level through the direct contact as well as the paracrine action of healthy MSCs. Discussion. Vascular injury did not affect the MSC basic phenotype, but altered their function, a increased MMP-9 expression and ineffective immunmodulation. These data suggest that vascular MSCs can contribute to aortic disease. In this view, the study of key processes to restore MSC immunomodulation could be relevant to find a pharmacological approach for monitoring the aneurysm progression.