Sistema supervisório para poços de petróleo baseados no método de elevação artificial Plunger Lift

The several existing methods for oil artificial lifting and the variety of automation equipment for these methods many times lead the supervisory systems to be dedicated to a unique method and/or to a unique manufacturer. To avoid this problem, it has been developed the supervisory system named SISAL, conceived to supervise wells with different lifting methods and different automation equipments. The SISAL system is working in several Brazilian states but, nowadays, it is only supervising rod pump-based wells. The objective of this work is the development of a supervision module to the plunger lift artificial lift method. The module will have the same characteristics of working with automation hardware of many manufacturers. The module will be integrated to the SISAL system, incorporating the capacity to supervise the plunger lift artificial lift method.

Sistema inteligente para apoio à decisão na operação de uma malha de escoamento de petróleo

The petroleum production pipeline networks are inherently complex, usually decentralized systems. Strict operational constraints are applied in order to prevent serious problems like environmental disasters or production losses. This paper describes an intelligent system to support decisions in the operation of these networks, proposing a staggering for the pumps of transfer stations that compose them. The intelligent system is formed by blocks which interconnect to process the information and generate the suggestions to the operator. The main block of the system uses fuzzy logic to provide a control based on rules, which incorporate knowledge from experts. Tests performed in the simulation environment provided good results, indicating the applicability of the system in a real oil production environment. The use of the stagger proposed by the system allows a prioritization of the transfer in the network and a flow programming

Morbimortalidade perinatal associada à infecção clamidiana: uma revisão sistemática

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

Efeitos da calagem do solo no crescimento inicial e absorção de macronutrientes por plantas de trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis)

A presente pesquisa foi conduzida visando estudar os efeitos da calagem do solo sobre o crescimento inicial e absorção de macronutrientes por plantas de trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis L.). A fase experimental foi conduzida em casa de vegetação, em vasos de cinco litros e o substrato foi coletado na camada arável de um Latossolo Vermelho Escuro, distrófico, classe textural franco-argilo-arenosa e valor original de pH igual a 3,8. O experimento foi instalado no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e os tratamentos constaram da incorporação de quantidades correspondentes às doses 0, I, 2, 3, 4 e 5 t/ha de calcário dolomítico calcinado. Foi efetuada uma incubação por 15 dias antes do plantio das mudas da trapoeraba. Os resultados foram avaliados 49 dias após o transplante. A planta daninha respondeu intensamente à calagem incrementando a área foliar e os acúmulos de matéria seca e de N, P, Ca, Mg e S. Os padrões de distribuição dos diferentes macronutrientes nas diversas estruturas morfológicas da planta foram alterados. O acúmulo de K cresceu até a dose de 2 t/ha de calcário e depois decresceu, possivelmente devido ao antagonismo com Mg, adicionado através do calcário.

Detection of antibodies against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in dairy cattle with different prevalences of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) in São Paulo State, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva para o cultivo do crisântemo em vaso

Em se tratando do crisântemo de vaso, que constitui relevante contribuição à atividade de plantas ornamentais, ainda há necessidade de uma recomendação consistente sobre a condutividade elétrica (CE) da solução nutritiva para seu cultivo. Nesse sentido, realizou-se um experimento em ambiente protegido, objetivando avaliar o crescimento do crisântemo cv. Miramar cultivado em vaso, em função da CE da solução nutritiva e da lixiviação de sais do substrato. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições; os tratamentos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, referentes aos valores de CE da solução nutritiva (2,1; 2,8; 3,5; 4,2; e 4,9 dS m-1), em substrato com e sem lavagem para lixiviação dos sais. O aumento da CE inibiu o crescimento e desempenho vegetativo, mas estimulou o diâmetro da haste. A lixiviação dos sais estimulou, exceto quanto ao diâmetro da haste, o maior crescimento avaliado pelas demais variáveis fitotécnicas. A CE de 2,1 dS m-1 possibilita a produção de crisântemo dentro de padrões qualitativos de comercialização, mediante lixiviação periódica do substrato.

Efeito de doses de calcário e de gesso na cultura do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Carioca-80

Instalou-se em um latossolo vermelho-escuro, textura média, de Jaboticabal, S.P. um experimento cujo objetivo foi avaliar a influência de doses de gesso e de calcário sobre as características químicas do solo, agronômicas e tecnológicas da cultura do feijoeiro. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados em um esquema fatorial 3 x 4, representado por três doses de calcário (0; 1,4 e 2,8 t/ha) e quatro doses de gesso (0, 130, 260 e 390 kg/ha) com três repetições. Verificou-se que: o uso do calcário provocou aumento nos teores do Mg trocável do solo, nos valores de pH e de V% e diminuição dos valores de H + Al; o fornecimento de gesso ocasionou a lixiviação do K trocável da camada superficial para a camada 20-40cm do solo; os teores foliares de Mg+2 aumentaram e os de Mn+2 diminuiram com a aplicação de calcário; a calagem e/ou a gessagem não influenciaram nos componentes de rendimento e na produção de grãos, provocando aumento no tempo de cozimento dos grãos.

Efeito de modos e épocas de aplicação de gesso e calcário sobre a cultura do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Carioca-80

Instalou-se sobre um latossolo vermelho-escuro textura média, um experimento cujo objetivo foi avaliar a influência de modos e épocas de aplicação de gesso e de calcário sobre algumas características nutricionais e tecnológicas da cultura do feijoeiro irrigado. Utilizou-se no experimento o delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (4x3)+2 com quatro repetições, correspondendo a 4 modos de aplicação de gesso e/ou calcário, 3 doses de gesso e 2 tratamentos adicionais. Os resultados mostraram que: o uso do gesso proporcionou maiores teores de Ca nos grãos e consequentemente maior tempo para o seu cozimento. A associação gesso e calcário propiciou aumento no teor de S das folhas e também no peso de 100 grãos, quando comparado à utilização de apenas gesso. A relação de hidratação diminuiu com o aumento das doses de gesso quando utilizou-se os modos de aplicação M1 (gesso aplicado no solo 45 dias antes da semeadura) e M2 (gesso e calcário aplicados conjuntamente aos 45 dias antes da semeadura).

Resposta do híbrido de sorgo-sudão à adubação nitrogenada e potássica: composição química e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica

A pesquisa foi instalada no Setor de Forragicultura da FCAV/UNESP-Jaboticabal, objetivando avaliar a composição química e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica (DIVMO) do híbrido de Sorgo-sudão cv. AG 2501C, no outono e inverno. O manejo da pastagem foi conduzido simulando o sistema de lotação intermitente. O experimento foi desenvolvido de março a setembro de 2002. A forrageira foi submetida a nove tratamentos: três níveis de nitrogênio (100, 200 e 300 kg de N/ha) e três níveis de potássio (0, 80 e 160 kg de K2O/ha), em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados e parcelas subdivididas. A adubação nitrogenada e potássica não foram significativas para a DIVMO. O nitrogênio influenciou a proteína bruta (PB) com valores de 15,1; 16,4 e 15,7 %, a fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) com valores de 65,3; 65,8 e 64,5% e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) com 35,5; 37,8 e 39,6% para 100; 200 e 300 kg N/ha. O potássio aumentou significativamente a lignina das plantas. O melhor nível obtido foi 100 kg/ha de nitrogênio, sem potássio.

Protocolo multiciclos para automação hospitalar sobre Multicast com IEEE 802.3 utilizando

The concepts of the industrial automation are being incorporated in the medical area, in other words, they also pass to be applied in the hospital automation. In this sense, researches have been developed and have usually been approached several of the problems that are pertinent to the processes that can be automated in the hospital environment. Considering that in the automation processes, an imperative factor is the communication, because the systems are usually distributed, the network for data transference becomes itself an important point in these processes. Because this network should be capable to provide the exchange of data and to guarantee the demands that are imposed by the automation process. In this context, this doctorate thesis proposed, specified, analyzed and validated the Multicycles Protocol for Hospital Automation (MP-HA), which is customized to assist the demands in these automation processes, seeking to guarantee the determinism in the communications and to optimize the factor of use of the mean of transmission

H-N2N : uma arquitetura hierárquica escalável para ambientes de realidade mista de grande porte

In this work, we propose a solution to solve the scalability problem found in collaborative, virtual and mixed reality environments of large scale, that use the hierarchical client-server model. Basically, we use a hierarchy of servers. When the capacity of a server is reached, a new server is created as a sun of the first one, and the system load is distributed between them (father and sun). We propose efficient tools and techniques for solving problems inherent to client-server model, as the definition of clusters of users, distribution and redistribution of users through the servers, and some mixing and filtering operations, that are necessary to reduce flow between servers. The new model was tested, in simulation, emulation and in interactive applications that were implemented. The results of these experimentations show enhancements in the traditional, previous models indicating the usability of the proposed in problems of all-to-all communications. This is the case of interactive games and other applications devoted to Internet (including multi-user environments) and interactive applications of the Brazilian Digital Television System, to be developed by the research group. Keywords: large scale virtual environments, interactive digital tv, distributed

Sistema de detecção e isolamento de falhas em sistemas dinâmicos baseado em identificação paramétrica

The present research aims at contributing to the area of detection and diagnosis of failure through the proposal of a new system architecture of detection and isolation of failures (FDI, Fault Detection and Isolation). The proposed architecture presents innovations related to the way the physical values monitored are linked to the FDI system and, as a consequence, the way the failures are detected, isolated and classified. A search for mathematical tools able to satisfy the objectives of the proposed architecture has pointed at the use of the Kalman Filter and its derivatives EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) and UKF (Unscented Kalman Filter). The use of the first one is efficient when the monitored process presents a linear relation among its physical values to be monitored and its out-put. The other two are proficient in case this dynamics is no-linear. After that, a short comparative of features and abilities in the context of failure detection concludes that the UFK system is a better alternative than the EKF one to compose the architecture of the FDI system proposed in case of processes of no-linear dynamics. The results shown in the end of the research refer to the linear and no-linear industrial processes. The efficiency of the proposed architecture may be observed since it has been applied to simulated and real processes. To conclude, the contributions of this thesis are found in the end of the text

Metodologia para modelagem, validação e programação de controladores lógicos industriais usando statecharts básicos

Due of industrial informatics several attempts have been done to develop notations and semantics, which are used for classifying and describing different kind of system behavior, particularly in the modeling phase. Such attempts provide the infrastructure to resolve some real problems of engineering and construct practical systems that aim at, mainly, to increase the productivity, quality, and security of the process. Despite the many studies that have attempted to develop friendly methods for industrial controller programming, they are still programmed by conventional trial-and-error methods and, in practice, there is little written documentation on these systems. The ideal solution would be to use a computational environment that allows industrial engineers to implement the system using high-level language and that follows international standards. Accordingly, this work proposes a methodology for plant and control modelling of the discrete event systems that include sequential, parallel and timed operations, using a formalism based on Statecharts, denominated Basic Statechart (BSC). The methodology also permits automatic procedures to validate and implement these systems. To validate our methodology, we presented two case studies with typical examples of the manufacturing sector. The first example shows a sequential control for a tagged machine, which is used to illustrated dependences between the devices of the plant. In the second example, we discuss more than one strategy for controlling a manufacturing cell. The model with no control has 72 states (distinct configurations) and, the model with sequential control generated 20 different states, but they only act in 8 distinct configurations. The model with parallel control generated 210 different states, but these 210 configurations act only in 26 distinct configurations, therefore, one strategy control less restrictive than previous. Lastly, we presented one example for highlight the modular characteristic of our methodology, which it is very important to maintenance of applications. In this example, the sensors for identifying pieces in the plant were removed. So, changes in the control model are needed to transmit the information of the input buffer sensor to the others positions of the cell

Um protocolo de comunicação multicast na camada de aplicação com Consciência de Localização

Internet applications such as media streaming, collaborative computing and massive multiplayer are on the rise,. This leads to the need for multicast communication, but unfortunately group communications support based on IP multicast has not been widely adopted due to a combination of technical and non-technical problems. Therefore, a number of different application-layer multicast schemes have been proposed in recent literature to overcome the drawbacks. In addition, these applications often behave as both providers and clients of services, being called peer-topeer applications, and where participants come and go very dynamically. Thus, servercentric architectures for membership management have well-known problems related to scalability and fault-tolerance, and even peer-to-peer traditional solutions need to have some mechanism that takes into account member's volatility. The idea of location awareness distributes the participants in the overlay network according to their proximity in the underlying network allowing a better performance. Given this context, this thesis proposes an application layer multicast protocol, called LAALM, which takes into account the actual network topology in the assembly process of the overlay network. The membership algorithm uses a new metric, IPXY, to provide location awareness through the processing of local information, and it was implemented using a distributed shared and bi-directional tree. The algorithm also has a sub-optimal heuristic to minimize the cost of membership process. The protocol has been evaluated in two ways. First, through an own simulator developed in this work, where we evaluated the quality of distribution tree by metrics such as outdegree and path length. Second, reallife scenarios were built in the ns-3 network simulator where we evaluated the network protocol performance by metrics such as stress, stretch, time to first packet and reconfiguration group time

Uma arquitetura baseada em agentes para configuração dinâmica de aplicações inteligentes em ambiente foundation fieldbus

The industrial automation is directly linked to the development of information tecnology. Better hardware solutions, as well as improvements in software development methodologies make possible the rapid growth of the productive process control. In this thesis, we propose an architecture that will allow the joining of two technologies in hardware (industrial network) and software field (multiagent systems). The objective of this proposal is to join those technologies in a multiagent architecture to allow control strategies implementations in to field devices. With this, we intend develop an agents architecture to detect and solve problems which may occur in the industrial network environment. Our work ally machine learning with industrial context, become proposed multiagent architecture adaptable to unfamiliar or unexpected production environment. We used neural networks and presented an allocation strategies of these networks in industrial network field devices. With this we intend to improve decision support at plant level and allow operations human intervention independent