Studio di conglomerati bituminosi drenanti contenenti polverino di gomma da Pneumatici Fuori Uso (PFU)

Gli odierni sviluppi delle reti stradali nel territorio italiano e l’aumento della propensione all’utilizzo del veicolo hanno portato ad una continua ricerca nello stesso ambito volta sì a mantenere alti i livelli prestazionali e di sicurezza sulla rete stradale ma anche ad aprirsi ad uno scenario ecosostenibile, dato il continuo scarseggiare di materie prime per proseguire con le usuali tecniche di produzione. In tutti i campi riguardanti l’ambito delle costruzioni civili, che siano esse strutturali o infrastrutturali, numerose sono state le tecnologie introdotte per la realizzazione di materiali sostenibili ma anche e soprattutto il recupero di materiale di scarto, andando così incontro oltre che a una costruzione sostenibile anche ad un recupero di ciò che sarebbe destinato a discariche, ufficiali o abusive che siano. Nell’ottica dell’introduzione di “nuovi” materiali una posizione di rispetto interessa gli Pneumatici Fuori Uso (PFU) il cui recupero sotto forma di granulato e di polverino in gomma costituiscono, nell’ambito delle pavimentazioni stradali, una notevole opportunità di riutilizzo all’interno dei conglomerati bituminosi. Il presente lavoro sperimentale è stato svolto nell’ottica di analizzare dapprima le caratteristiche delle pavimentazioni drenanti, del polverino di gomma da PFU e dell’interazione tra i due, a supporto delle sperimentazioni effettuate sulle miscele realizzate in laboratorio. In particolare, sfruttando la tecnologia dry, che permette l’inserimento del polverino nella fase di miscelazione degli aggregati, dopo un’attenta analisi preliminare della composizione delle miscele da realizzare e il successivo confezionamento dei provini e loro addensamento, si è proceduto all’esecuzione di diverse prove al termine delle quali sono state analizzate le differenze meccaniche e reologiche tra miscele ottenute con aggiunta di polverino e miscele prive di PFU.

Analisi prestazionale di pavimentazioni contenenti polverino di gomma da PFU

La presente ricerca è stata svolta con l’obbiettivo di valutare le caratteristiche prestazionali di pavimentazioni in conglomerato bituminoso con aggiunta di PFU. Il prodotto è un legante bituminoso modificato, al quale il polverino di gomma da PFU è aggiunto manualmente (meccanicamente) al mescolatore tramite tecnologia Dry, nella quale la frazione di gomma è impiegata in sostituzione a una porzione di inerti fini. Ai fini di tale studio sono stati stesi 300 metri di SMA lungo la S.P. 569 nel centro abitato di Zola Predosa (BO) durante la quale sono state effettuate le analisi ambientali. Di questi 300 metri, una parte è costituita da SMA tradizionale, mentre la parte restante è divisa tra SMA contenente 1,20% in peso di PFU e SMA contenente 0,75% in peso di PFU. Sono state predisposte 3 diverse indagini sperimentali: a 2 mesi dalla stesa (31 Luglio 2014), a 6 mesi e la terza ad 1 anno dalla prima sessione di controllo. Nella prima campagna è stato eseguito il prelievo di campioni carotati per la verifica fisico-meccanica delle miscele posate e degli spessori, mentre per tutte le campagne di prova tutte sono state effettuate analisi per la valutazione dell’aderenza, della tessitura e dell’emissione e assorbimento acustico della pavimentazione. L’elaborato è sviluppato nel seguente modo: sarà prima presentata una panoramica sul problema del riciclaggio di PFU. Verranno poi riportate le norme che regolano l’uso delle strumentazioni utilizzate durante le prove e la trattazione dei dati che ne derivano. Verrà poi descritto il campo prove, la stesa sperimentale e tutti i test effettuati sul sito di Zola Predosa. Successivamente verrà effettuata l’analisi dei dati rispettivamente per l’analisi ambientale, il pendolo, l’altezza in sabbia, l’analisi dei livelli acustici, il LaserProf, lo Skiddomter BV11 e il Laser NextEngine HD. Infine verranno tratte le conclusioni, basate sulle analisi condotte, al fine di valutare il rendimento delle pavimentazioni indagate.

Valutazione dell'influenza della segnaletica temporanea di cantiere sulla sicurezza stradale mediante Mobile Eye Detector

La tesi riguarda la valutazione pratica su come la segnaletica temporanea di cantiere viene percepita dagli utenti della strada, mediante l'utilizzo di due strumentazioni distinte, il Mobile Eye Detector per capire i segnali che il conducente vede, guarda o non vede ed il Video V-Box Pro per capire il comportamento attuato dal conducente in conseguenza della lettura della segnaletica di cantiere.

Interazione terreno-montante nelle barriere di sicurezza

La tesi inizia indagando il trend degli incidenti con fuoriuscita stradale avvenuti negli ultimi dieci anni andando in seguito a verificare uno dei molteplici aspetti che caratterizzano le barriere di sicurezza, dispositivi installati al fine di ridurre gli effetti delle fuoriuscite. In particolare ci si e concentrati sulla variazione della lunghezza di infissione del montante delle barriere che in terreni differenti da quelli in cui si eseguono i crash-test possono dare risultati risultati differenti in termini di deformazioni della barriera in caso di urto.

Early hemodynamic and neurohormonal response after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

The conventional surgical aortic bioprostheses used for treatment of aortic stenosis (AS) are inherently stenotic in nature. The more favorable mechanical profile of the Medtronic CoreValve bioprosthesis may translate into a better hemodynamic and neurohormonal response.

Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) as a Biomarker of Alcohol Consumption in HIV-Positive Patients in Sub-Saharan Africa

Background:  Alcohol is heavily consumed in sub-Saharan Africa and affects HIV transmission and treatment and is difficult to measure. Our goal was to examine the test characteristics of a direct metabolite of alcohol consumption, phosphatidylethanol (PEth). Methods:  Persons infected with HIV were recruited from a large HIV clinic in southwestern Uganda. We conducted surveys and breath alcohol concentration (BRAC) testing at 21 daily home or drinking establishment visits, and blood was collected on day 21 (n = 77). PEth in whole blood was compared with prior 7-, 14-, and 21-day alcohol consumption. Results:  (i) The receiver operator characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) was highest for PEth versus any consumption over the prior 21 days (0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86 to 0.97). The sensitivity for any detectable PEth was 88.0% (95% CI: 76.0 to 95.6) and the specificity was 88.5% (95% CI: 69.8 to 97.6). (ii) The ROC-AUC of PEth versus any 21-day alcohol consumption did not vary with age, body mass index, CD4 cell count, hepatitis B virus infection, and antiretroviral therapy status, but was higher for men compared with women (p = 0.03). (iii) PEth measurements were correlated with several measures of alcohol consumption, including number of drinking days in the prior 21 days (Spearman r = 0.74, p < 0.001) and BRAC (r = 0.75, p < 0.001). Conclusions:  The data add support to the body of evidence for PEth as a useful marker of alcohol consumption with high ROC-AUC, sensitivity, and specificity. Future studies should further address the period and level of alcohol consumption for which PEth is detectable.

The Meanings of Work for Older Workers

Several elements influence the meanings of work: the basic psychological processes of aging; the cohort or generation of the worker; the ecology of the work itself; and the larger social context of managing the risks of aging. This article discusses the meaning of work across the lifespan, and then reviews each of these elements to describe the meanings of work for older workers. The authors summarize data from multiple sources to answer several related questions: Why do older workers continue to work—beyond the solely monetary motivation? How do older workers' meanings of work vary by financial, health, job satisfaction, familial, or workplace concerns? What are the implications of these findings for employers and employees?

A high-resolution soil erosion risk map of Switzerland as strategic policy support system

Soil erosion models and soil erosion risk maps are often used as indicators to assess potential soil erosion in order to assist policy decisions. This paper shows the scientific basis of the soil erosion risk map of Switzerland and its application in policy and practice. Linking a USLE/RUSLE-based model approach (AVErosion) founded on multiple flow algorithms and the unit contributing area concept with an extremely precise and high-resolution digital terrain model (2 m × 2 m grid) using GIS allows for a realistic assessment of the potential soil erosion risk, on single plots, i.e. uniform and comprehensive for the agricultural area of Switzerland (862,579 ha in the valley area and the lower mountain regions). The national or small-scale soil erosion prognosis has thus reached a level heretofore possible only in smaller catchment areas or single plots. Validation was carried out using soil loss data from soil erosion damage mappings in the field from long-term monitoring in different test areas. 45% of the evaluated agricultural area of Switzerland was classified as low potential erosion risk, 12% as moderate potential erosion risk, and 43% as high potential erosion risk. However, many of the areas classified as high potential erosion risk are located at the transition from valley to mountain zone, where many areas are used as permanent grassland, which drastically lowers their current erosion risk. The present soil erosion risk map serves on the one hand to identify and prioritise the high-erosion risk areas, and on the other hand to promote awareness amongst farmers and authorities. It was published on the internet and will be made available to the authorities in digital form. It is intended as a tool for simplifying and standardising enforcement of the legal framework for soil erosion prevention in Switzerland. The work therefore provides a successful example of cooperation between science, policy and practice.

Minimal assumption derivation of a weak Clauser-Horne inequality

According to Bell's theorem a large class of hidden-variable models obeying Bell's notion of local causality (LC) conflict with the predictions of quantum mechanics. Recently, a Bell-type theorem has been proven using a weaker notion of LC, yet assuming the existence of perfectly correlated event types. Here we present a similar Bell-type theorem without this latter assumption. The derived inequality differs from the Clauser-Horne inequality by some small correction terms, which render it less constraining.

Streptococcus bovis clone causing two episodes of endocarditis 8 years apart

A patient had endocarditis caused by Streptococcus bovis twice 8 years apart. According to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) the two isolates were identical. Seven unrelated blood isolates of S. bovis yielded unique PFGE patterns. Considering this heterogeneous population structure our findings demonstrate the long-term persistence of an S. bovis clone in a patient with recurrent endocarditis.

Computational prediction of the influence of crosslink distribution on the thermo-mechanical properties of epoxies

Experimental studies on epoxies report that the microstructure consists of highly crosslinked localized regions connected with a dispersed phase of low crosslink density. The various thermo-mechanical properties of epoxies might be affected by the crosslink distribution. But as experiments cannot report the exact number of crosslinked covalent bonds present in the structure, molecular dynamics is thus being used in this work to determine the influence of crosslink distribution on thermo-mechanical properties. Molecular dynamics and molecular mechanics simulations are used to establish wellequilibrated molecular models of EPON 862-DETDA epoxy system with a range of crosslink densities and various crosslink distributions. Crosslink distributions are being varied by forming differently crosslinked localized clusters and then by forming different number of crosslinks interconnecting the clusters. Simulations are subsequently used to predict the volume shrinkage, thermal expansion coefficients, and elastic properties of each of the crosslinked systems. The results indicate that elastic properties increase with increasing levels of overall crosslink density and the thermal expansion coefficient decreases with overall crosslink density, both above and below the glass transition temperature. Elastic moduli and coefficients of linear thermal expansion values were found to be different for systems with same overall crosslink density but having different crosslink distributions, thus indicating an effect of the epoxy nanostructure on physical properties. The values of thermo-mechanical properties for all the crosslinked systems are within the range of values reported in literature.

Significance of coil orientation for motor evoked potentials from nasalis muscle elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation

OBJECTIVE: In transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex, the optimal orientation of the coil on the scalp is dependent on the muscle under investigation, but not yet known for facial muscles. METHODS: Using a figure-of-eight coil, we compared TMS induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from eight different coil orientations when recording from ipsi- and contralateral nasalis muscle. RESULTS: The MEPs from nasalis muscle revealed three components: The major ipsi- and contra-lateral middle latency responses of approximately 10 ms onset latency proved entirely dependent on voluntary pre-innervation. They were most easily obtained from a coil orientation with posterior inducing current direction, and in this respect resembled the intrinsic hand rather than the masseter muscles. Early short duration responses of around 6 ms onset latency were best elicited with an antero-lateral current direction and not pre-innervation dependent, and therefore most probably due to stimulation of the nerve roots. Late responses (>18 ms) could inconsistently be elicited with posterior coil orientations in pre-innervated condition. CONCLUSIONS: By using the appropriate coil orientation and both conditions relaxed and pre-innervated, cortically evoked MEP responses from nasalis muscle can reliably be separated from peripheral and reflex components and also from cross talk of masseter muscle activation.