Functional Vascular Study in Hypertensive Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Using Losartan or Amlodipine

Background: Antihypertensive drugs are used to control blood pressure (BP) and reduce macro- and microvascular complications in hypertensive patients with diabetes. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the functional vascular changes in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after 6 weeks of treatment with amlodipine or losartan. Methods: Patients with a previous diagnosis of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into 2 groups and evaluated after 6 weeks of treatment with amlodipine (5 mg/day) or losartan (100 mg/day). Patient evaluation included BP measurement, ambulatory BP monitoring, and assessment of vascular parameters using applanation tonometry, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Results: A total of 42 patients were evaluated (21 in each group), with a predominance of women (71%) in both groups. The mean age of the patients in both groups was similar (amlodipine group: 54.9 ± 4.5 years; losartan group: 54.0 ± 6.9 years), with no significant difference in the mean BP [amlodipine group: 145 ± 14 mmHg (systolic) and 84 ± 8 mmHg (diastolic); losartan group: 153 ± 19 mmHg (systolic) and 90 ± 9 mmHg (diastolic)]. The augmentation index (30% ± 9% and 36% ± 8%, p = 0.025) and augmentation pressure (16 ± 6 mmHg and 20 ± 8 mmHg, p = 0.045) were lower in the amlodipine group when compared with the losartan group. PWV and FMD were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with amlodipine exhibited an improved pattern of pulse wave reflection in comparison with those treated with losartan. However, the use of losartan may be associated with independent vascular reactivity to the pressor effect.

Louis Spohr und die "Kasseler Schule" : das pädagogische Wirken des Komponisten, Geigenvirtuosen und Dirigenten in der ersten Häflte des 19. Jahrhunderts

Spohr, Kassel School, violin style, Violinschule, music pedagogy, philanthropinism, 19th century

Reproducibility of Left Ventricular Mass by Echocardiogram in the ELSA-Brasil

Background: Echocardiography, though non-invasive and having relatively low-cost, presents issues of variability which can limit its use in epidemiological studies. Objective: To evaluate left ventricular mass reproducibility when assessed at acquisition (online) compared to when assessed at a reading center after electronic transmission (offline) and also when assessed by different readers at the reading center. Methods: Echocardiographers from the 6 ELSA-Brasil study investigation centers measured the left ventricular mass online during the acquisition from 124 studies before transmitting to the reading center, where studies were read according to the study protocol. Half of these studies were blindly read by a second reader in the reading center. Results: From the 124 echocardiograms, 5 (4%) were considered not measurable. Among the remaining 119, 72 (61%) were women, mean age was 50.2 ± 7.0 years and 2 had structural myocardial abnormalities. Images were considered to be optimal/ good by the reading center for 110 (92.4%) cases. No significant difference existed between online and offline measurements (1,29 g, CI 95% −3.60-6.19), and the intraclass correlation coefficient between them was 0.79 (CI 95% 0.71-0.85). For images read by two readers, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.86 (CI 95% 0.78-0.91). Conclusion: There were no significant drifts between online and offline left ventricular mass measurements, and reproducibility was similar to that described in previous studies. Central quantitative assessment of echocardiographic studies in reading centers, as performed in the ELSA-Brasil study, is feasible and useful in clinical and epidemiological studies performed in our setting.

Assessment of Myocardial Ischemia in Obese Individuals Undergoing Physical Stress Echocardiography (PSE)

Background: Physical stress echocardiography is an established methodology for diagnosis and risk stratification of coronary artery disease in patients with physical capacity. In obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) the usefulness of pharmacological stress echocardiography has been demonstrated; however, has not been reported the use of physical stress echocardiography in this growing population group. Objective: To assess the frequency of myocardial ischemia in obese and non-obese patients undergoing physical stress echocardiography and compare their clinical and echocardiographic differences. Methods: 4,050 patients who underwent treadmill physical stress echocardiography were studied according to the Bruce protocol, divided into two groups: obese (n = 945; 23.3%) and non-obese (n = 3,105; 76.6%). Results: There was no difference regarding gender. Obese patients were younger (55.4 ± 10.9 vs. 57.56 ± 11.67) and had a higher frequency of hypertension (75.2% vs. 57, 2%; p < 0.0001), diabetis mellitus (15.2% vs. 10.9%; p < 0.0001), dyslipidemia (59.5% vs 51.9%; p < 0.0001), family history of coronary artery disease (59.3% vs. 55.1%; p = 0.023) and physical inactivity (71.4% vs. 52.9%, p < 0.0001). The obese had greater aortic dimensions (3.27 vs. 3.14 cm; p < 0.0001), left atrium (3.97 vs. 3.72 cm; p < 0.0001) and the relative thickness of the ventricule (33.7 vs. 32.8 cm; p < 0.0001). Regarding the presence of myocardial ischemia, there was no difference between groups (19% vs. 17.9%; p = 0.41). In adjusted logistic regression, the presence of myocardial ischemia remained independently associated with age, female gender, diabetes and hypertension. Conclusion: Obesity did not behave as a predictor of the presence of ischemia and the physical stress echocardiography. The application of this assessment tool in large scale sample demonstrates the feasibility of the methodology, also in obese.

Comparison of ACUITY and CRUSADE Scores in Predicting Major Bleeding during Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background:The ACUITY and CRUSADE scores are validated models for prediction of major bleeding events in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the comparative performances of these scores are not known.Objective:To compare the accuracy of ACUITY and CRUSADE in predicting major bleeding events during ACS.Methods:This study included 519 patients consecutively admitted for unstable angina, non-ST-elevation or ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The scores were calculated based on admission data. We considered major bleeding events during hospitalization and not related to cardiac surgery, according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria (type 3 or 5: hemodynamic instability, need for transfusion, drop in hemoglobin ≥ 3 g, and intracranial, intraocular or fatal bleeding).Results:Major bleeding was observed in 31 patients (23 caused by femoral puncture, 5 digestive, 3 in other sites), an incidence of 6%. While both scores were associated with bleeding, ACUITY demonstrated better C-statistics (0.73, 95% CI = 0.63 - 0.82) as compared with CRUSADE (0.62, 95% CI = 0.53 - 0.71; p = 0.04). The best performance of ACUITY was also reflected by a net reclassification improvement of + 0.19 (p = 0.02) over CRUSADE’s definition of low or high risk. Exploratory analysis suggested that the presence of the variables ‘age’ and ‘type of ACS’ in ACUITY was the main reason for its superiority.Conclusion:The ACUITY Score is a better predictor of major bleeding when compared with the CRUSADE Score in patients hospitalized for ACS.

Prozesse in Hochschulen mit integrierten IT-Kollaborationsumgebungen verbessern! : 1. Tagungsband 19. Juni 2009

[s.c.]

Medien, Bildung, Schule : Dokumentation der ersten Netzwerktagung Medienkompetenz Sachsen-Anhalt, Halle (Saale), 19. und 20. September 2011

Johannes Fromme (Hrsg.)

Formas de ocorrência do fósforo no solo latosólico roxo

O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados obtidos sôbre um estudo de fracionamento do fósforo em oito amostras constituidas do horizonte Ap de solo latosólico roxo do Estado de São Paulo e do Paraná. Nessas amostras procederam-se as determinações do fósforo solúvel em água e fração fracamente ligada aos colóides, extraídos com solução de cloreto de amônio 0,5 N; fósforo ligado ao alumínio, extraido com solução 0,5 N de fluoreto de amônio com pH = 8,5; fósforo ligado ao ferro, extraído com solução 0,1 N de NaOH; fósforo ligado ao cálcio, extraido com solução 0,5 N de ácido sulfúrico; fósforo ocluido nas formas de fosfatos de ferro e de alumínio. Além disso foram determinados o fósforo orgânico e o fósforo total. Os dados obtidos evidenciaram que os solos estudados apresentaram uma quantidade razoável, 45,3 a 162,5 ppra, de fósforo ligado ao cálcio, o que é explicável tendo em vista o teor de cálcio trocável nas amostras, que variou de 7,71 a 19,40 e.mg por 100 g de solo, e o pH que variou de 6,30 a 7,50. 0 teor de fósforo ligado ao alumínio variou de 35,0 a 265,7 ppm de P; o de fósforo ligado ao ferro, de 74,2 a 144,9 ppm de P; e o de fósforo ocluido de 470,8 a 850,8 ppm de P. O teor de fósforo orgânico e o total variaram, respectivamente, de 347,2 a 511,0 e de 741,0 a 1493,0 ppm de P.

Parawasserstoffinduzierte Kernspinpolarisation an biologisch relevanten Substanzen zur Signalsteigerung ind der 1 H- und 19 F-NMR und MRT

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2014

Efeito do sódio na produção de matéria seca em mudas de duas cultivares de algodoeiro mocó (Gossypium hirsutum L., var. Maria Galante Hucth.): cv. '9193' e 'c-71'

Durante um período de noventa dias, foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, um experimento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Foram testados cinco níveis de sódio (0; 4; 40; 400; 4.000 ppm de sódio) utilizando-se duas fontes, cloreto e sulfato de sódio e duas cultivares de algodoeiro mocó (G. hirsutum, var. Maria Galante, Hucth.) !9193' e 'c-71', cultivadas em solução nutritiva. Os resultados mostraram que a dose 4 ppm de sódio provocou aumento na produção de matéria seca do algodoeiro, enquanto as doses 400 e 4.000 ppm de sódio, provocaram diminuição. Ocorreu efeito negativo na produção de materia seca da cultivar '9193' provocado pelo cloreto.

Nutrição mineral de hortaliças: XXXVIII. deficiências de macronutrientes em alface (Juactuoa sativa L.), cv. Brasil e Clause's Aurélia

Com os objetivos de: a) obter o quadro síntomatológico das deficiências de macronutrientes; b) relacionar o quadro sintomatológico a composição química das plantas, foi conduzido um ensaio em casa de vegetação, cultivando o cv. Brasil 48 e Clause's Aurélia em solução nutritiva, tendo como substrato silica finamente moida. Os tratamentos foram: completo, omissão de nitrogênio, omissão de fósforo, omissão de potássio, omissão de cálcio, omissão de magnésio e omissão de enxofre. Os autores observaram e identificaram as deficiências de nutrientes que se traduziram por sintomas típicos e facilmente identificáveis, com exceção do enxofre. As concentrações de macronutrientes nas folhas para plantas sem sintomas e com sintomas para o cultivar Brasil 48 foram: N% 3,37 a 1,86; P% 0,44 a 0,16; K% 5,54 a 1,32; Ca% 0,97 a 0,20; Mg% 0,35 a 0,05. As concentrações de S% foram iguais a 0,16. Para o cv. Clause's Aurélia, as concentrações nas folhas correspondentes a plantas sem e com deficiências foram: N% 3,02 a 2,68; P% 0,71 a 0,19; K% 7,7 a 1,54; Ca% 1 ,47 a 0,31; Mg% 0,43 a 0,10 e S% 0,25 a 0,24.

Contents and index to volume 12, numbers 1 to 19, Zoological series / Wilfred H. Osgood.

v.12:no.19(1929)

Calagem e diagnose foliar em sorgo sacarino (Sorghum bicolor L. moench)

Os efeitos da aplicação de cinco níveis de calcário dolomítico (0 - 1,25 - 2,50-5,00 e 10,00 t/ha) foram estudados em um Latossol Vermelho Escuro textura média. A calagem aumentou a produção de colmos de sorgo sacarino, sendo que as produções mais elevadas foram obtidas quando a soma de cálcio e magnésio, saturação em bases e valor pH do solo eram, respectivamente, 2,93 meq/100 cm³, 59% e 5,71. Foram observados desequilíbrios na nutrição potássica com a aplicação de 10 t/ha de calcário dolomítico. Os níveis críticos de Mg nas folhas + 4e + 3, coletadas, respectivamente, aos 45e 83 dias, foram 0,19 e 0,31% A qualidade do caldo não foi alterada significativamente pelas doses de calcário dolomítico empregadas.