Unemployment and wage formation in a growth model with public capital

We study the relation between public capital, employment and growth under different assumptions concerning wage formation. We show that public capital increases economic growth, and that, if there is wage inertia, employment positively depends on both economic growth and public capital.

Growth, habit formation, and catching-up\ with the Joneses

When habits are introduced multiplicatively in a capital accumulation model, the consumers' objective function might fail to be concave. In this paper we provide conditions aimed at guaranteeing the existence of interior solutions to the consumers' problem. We also characterize the equilibrium path of two growth models with multiplicative habits: the internal habit formation model, where individual habits coincide with own past consumption, and the external habit formation (or catching-up with the Joneses) model, where habits arise from the average past consumption in the economy. We show that the introduction of external habits makes the equilibrium path inefficient during the transition towards the balanced growth path. We characterize in this context the optimal tax policy.

Gerogescu-Roegen versus Solow/Stiglitz and the convergence to the Cobb-Douglas

The value of the elasticity of substitution of capital for resources is a crucial element in the debate over whether continual growth is possible. It is generally held that the elasticity has to be at least one to permit continual growth and that there is no way of estimating this outside the range of the data. This paper presents a model in which the elasticity is determined endogenously and may converge to one. It is concluded that the general opinion is wrong: that the possibility of continual growth does not depend on the exogenously given value of the elasticity and that the value of the elasticity outside the range of the data can be studied by econometric methods.

Research policy and endogenous growth

This paper studies the effects of different types of research policy on economic growth. We find that while tax incentives to private research, public funding of private projects, and basic research performed at public institutions have unambiguously positive effects on economic growth, performing applied research at public institutions could have negative growth effects. This is due to the large crowding out of private research caused by public R\&D when it competes with private firms in the "patent race". Concerning the effects of these policies on welfare, it is found that research policy can either improve or reduce consumer welfare depending on the characteristics of the policy and that an excessively high research subsidy will reduce it.

Financial intermediation in a model of growth through creative destruction

This paper presents an endogenous growth model in which the research activity is financed by intermediaries that are able to reduce the incidence of researcher's moral hazard. It is shown that financial activity is growth promoting because it increases research productivity. It is also found that a subsidy to the financial sector may have larger growth effects than a direct subsidy to research. Moreover, due to the presence of moral hazard, increasing the subsidy rate to R\&D may reduce the growth rate. I show that there exists a negative relation between the financing of innovation and the process of capital accumulation. Concerning welfare, the presence of two externalities of opposite sign steaming from financial activity may cause that the no-tax equilibrium provides an inefficient level of financial services. Thus, policies oriented to balance the effects of the two externalities will be welfare improving.

Unemployment, growth and fiscal policy: new insights on the hysteresis hypothesis

We develop a growth model with unemployment due to imperfections in the labor market. In this model, wage inertia and balanced budget rules cause a complementarity between capital and employment capable of explaining the existence of multiple equilibrium paths. Hysteresis is viewed as the result of a selection between these diferent equilibrium paths. We use this model to argue that, in contrast to the US, those fiscal policies followed by most of the European countries after the shocks of the 1970’s may have played a central role in generating hysteresis.

Entrepreneurship, management services and economic growth

We model the joint production of entrepreneurs and workers where the former provide both entrepreneurial (strategic) and managerial (coordination, motivation) services, and management services are shared with individual workers in an output maximizing way. The static equilibrium of the model determines the endogenous share of entrepreneurs in the economy in a given moment of time. The time dynamics of the solution implies that a given growth rate in quality of entrepreneurial services contributes to productivity growth proportionally to the share of entrepreneurs at the start of the period and improvement in quality of entrepreneurial services is convergence enhancing. Model predictions are tested with data from OECD countries in the period 1970-2002. We find that improvements in quality of entrepreneurial services over time explain up to 100% of observed average productivity growth in these countries.

Informe de justificació de la Beca per estades per a la recerca fora de Catalunya pre-doctorals

Estudi elaborat a partir d’una estada a la Università degli Studi di Urbino, Bologna, Itàlia, entre juliol i desembre del 2005. Es revisa el concepte d’igualtat i multiculturalisme en el Mediterrani, especialment en la conca nord mediterrània com a zona de recepció de la immigració. Paral·lelament s’analitza el concepte de democràcia a la conca nord i sud mediterrània, i la relació entre aquestes dues voreres pel que fa a la percepció mateixa de democràcia i l’Estat de dret. Inclou entrevistes amb Gustavo Gozzi, Enrico Pugliese i Joseph Piqué.

Political institutions and the development of telecommunications

It has traditionally been argued that the development of telecommunications infrastructure is dependent on the quality of countries' political institutions. We estimate the effect of political institutions on the diffusion of three telecommunications services and find it to be much smaller in cellular telephony than in the others. By evaluating the importance of institutions for technologies rather than for industries, we reveal important growth opportunities for developing countries and offer policy implications for alleviating differences between countries in international telecommunications development. Keywords: Political constraints, telecommunications, GMM, economic development. JEL codes: O1, O3.

El desarrollo económico de las Islas Baleares en perspectiva comparada (1950-2000)

El objetivo de este estudio consiste en presentar de forma sumaria la evolución de aquella de las macromagnitudes que mejor sintetiza la actividad productiva de cualquier economía, el Producto Interior Bruto, y en analizar sus cambios durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX en las Islas Baleares. El trabajo se orienta a cuestionar si el modelo de crecimiento en que se ha apoyado el desarrollo económico contemporáneo de las islas presenta las ventajas sobresalientes desde el punto de vista del bienestar material de los ciudadanos que se suele afirmar, puesto que se trataría de “la comunidad autónoma con más alto nivel de renta por habitante de España”. El ejercicio se lleva a cabo exclusivamente a través de las conclusiones que se desprenden de las cuentas de la región según los conceptos convencionales de la contabilidad nacional y regional. Pese a la enorme trascendencia que el autor les reconoce, se dejarán de lado en este ensayo toda una serie de elementos básicos en el debate social como son los costes medioambientales o los daños, a veces irreparables, a un paisaje muy frágil, con el fin de simplificar y dar la máxima claridad a la argumentación. Se emplearán como referencias comparativas los casos de las restantes islas del Mediterráneo europeo occidental, insertas en los Estados francés e italiano: Córcega, Cerdeña y Sicilia.

Regiones y constitución europea

El artículo se desarrolla en tres apartados. El primero dibuja el estado de la cuestión en relación con los instrumentos actuales de participación regional en las decisiones europeas. El segundo analiza detalladamente el debate de las posiciones y las propuestas defendidas durante los trabajos de la Convención Europea alrededor del grado de inserción de las regiones en la toma de decisiones. El tercero examina las principales consecuencias que se derivan del acuerdo final, poniendo especialmente de relieve las implicaciones que se derivan para los Estados miembros que, como España, se hayan inmersos en un proceso de reformas constitucionales y estatuarias

Determinación de estructuras cristalinas en España : inicios, desarrollo y consolidación (1912-1955)

El treball ofereix una visió de conjunt de la recerca duta a terme a Espanya en determinació d’estructures cristal•lines, des dels seus inicis fins 1955, data en la què assoliren un cert grau de consolidació. La perspectiva historiogràfica seguida pretén establir un equilibri entre el tractament de les qüestions tècniques i les relatives a l’organització dels diferents equips de recerca, sense oblidar el context econòmic i polític en que van tenir lloc.