Estudo transversal sobre a exposição às tecnologias não-invasivas de cuidado de enfermagem obstétrica na atenção ao parto e sua repercussão na vitalidade do recém-nascido

Estudo cujo objeto foi o emprego de tecnologias não-invasivas de cuidado de enfermagem obstétrica (TNICEO) por enfermeiras obstétricas durante o acompanhamento do trabalho de parto e parto, e suas repercussões sobre a vitalidade do recém-nascido. A tese é: a disponibilização de TNICEO pelas enfermeiras obstétricas na atenção ao trabalho de parto, parto e nascimento está associada a recém-natos com índice de Apgar (IA) >8, quando comparado com o índice de Apgar de recém-nascidos cujas mães não puderam optar pelo uso destas tecnologias. Objetivou: a) descrever as características obstétricas das mulheres e de seu trabalho de parto e parto acompanhados por enfermeiras obstétricas; b) descrever as TNICEO disponibilizadas pelas enfermeiras obstétricas no cuidado à parturiente; c) medir e comparar a associação entre o IA de primeiro e quinto minutos de vida dos recém-nascidos cujas mães fizeram uso das TNICEO com: o IA do primeiro e quinto minutos de vida dos recém-nascidos cujas mães foram submetidas ao tratamento tradicional (intervenções); o IA do primeiro e quinto minutos de vida dos recém-nascidos cujas mães utilizaram tanto TNICEO e assistência tradicional (AT); o IA do primeiro e quinto minutos de vida dos recém-nascidos cujas mães e não foram submetidas a nenhum tipo de assistência (TNICEO ou AT) durante o trabalho de parto. Tratou-se de estudo observacional descritivo, transversal, retrospectivo. Realizado em Hospital Maternidade Municipal localizado na zona norte do Município do Rio de Janeiro. A amostra foi 6.790 parturientes, que tiveram parto vaginal acompanhado por enfermeiras obstétricas, entre setembro/2004 e dezembro/2011. A fonte de informações foi o Livro de Registros de Partos (LRP) da maternidade. Os resultados evidenciaram que: 91,9% utilizaram um ou mais recurso relacionado às TNICEO e 60,2% foram submetidas a uma ou mais intervenção da AT. Quanto ao IA no 1 e no 5 minuto de vida, com relação às variáveis relacionadas aos tipos de assistência que utilizaram, constatou-se que os neonatos cujas mães durante o trabalho de parto e parto utilizaram algum tipo de TNICEO apresentaram percentuais mais elevados de IA > 8, tanto no 1 minuto (93,4%) como no 5 minuto de vida (99,0%). Em contrapartida os neonatos cujas mães foram submetidas a algum procedimento relacionado à AT apresentaram os menores percentuais de IA (82,8%) no 1 minuto e (94,7%) no 5 minuto de vida. Confirmando a tese proposta, conclui-se que a razão de chance do IA ser > 8 no primeiro minuto de vida é aumentada (OR 4,564; IC95%: 1,887 11,038; p valor 0,0008) a favor do grupo de mulheres que utilizaram apenas as TNICEO durante TP e/ou P, comparado ao grupo de mulheres submetidas às intervenções da AT. Referente ao quinto minuto de vida, a razão de chance de um recém-nascido cuja mãe que teve seu TP e/ou P acompanhados pelas enfermeiras obstétricas e utilizaram as somente as TNICEO na assistência foi maior (OR = 4,927; IC95% 2,349 10,334 ; p valor 0,00020), quando comparado com o grupo de parturientes da AT.

High-current adaptive impedance matching in narrowband power-line communication systems

This paper proposes a high current impedance matching method for narrowband power-line communication (NPLC) systems. The impedance of the power-line channel is time and location variant; therefore, coupling circuitry and the channel are not usually matched. This not only results in poor signal integrity at the receiving end, but also leads to a higher transmission power requirement to secure the communication process. To offset this negative effect, a high-current adaptive impedance circuit to enable impedance matching in power-line networks is reported. The approach taken is to match the channel impedance of N-PLC systems is based on the General Impedance Converter (GIC). In order to achieve high current a special coupler in which the inductive impedance can be altered by adjusting a microcontroller controlled digital resistor is demonstrated. It is shown that the coupler works well with heavy load current in power line networks. It works in both low and high transmitting current modes, a current as high as 760 mA has been obtained. Besides, compared with other adaptive impedance couplers, the advantages include higher matching resolution and a simple control interface. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the operation of the coupler. © 2011 IEEE.

Age and growth of the swordfish (Xiphias gladius L.) in the waters around Taiwan determined from anal-fin rays

Age and growth of the swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in Taiwan waters was studied from counts of growth bands on cross sections of the second ray of the first anal fin. Data on lower jaw fork length and weight, and samples of the anal fin of male and female swordfish were collected from three offshore and coastal tuna longline fishing ports on a monthly basis between September 1997 and March 1999. In total, 685 anal fins were collected and 627 of them (293 males and 334 females) were aged successfully. The lower jaw fork lengths of the aged individuals ranged from 83.4 to 246.6 cm for the females and from 83.3 to 206 cm for the males. The radii of the fin rays and growth bands on the cross sections were measured under a dissecting microscope equipped with an image analysis system. Trends in the monthly marginal increment ratio indicated that growth bands formed once a year. Thus, the age of each fish was deter-mined from the number of visible growth bands. Two methods were used to estimate and compare the standard and the generalized von Bertalanffy growth parameters for both males and females. The nonlinear least square estimates of the generalized von Bertalanffy growth parameters in method II, in which a power function was used to describe the relationship between ray radius and LJFL, were recommended as most acceptable. There were significant differences in growth parameters between males and females. The growth parameters estimated for females were the following: asymptotic length (L∞) = 300.66 cm, growth coefficient (K) = 0.040/yr, age at zero length (t0) = –0.75 yr, and the fitted fourth parameter (m) = –0.785. The growth parameters estimated for males were the following: asymptotic length (L∞) = 213.05 cm, growth coefficient (K) = 0.086/yr, age at zero length (t0) = –0.626 yr, and the fitted fourth parameter (m) = –0.768.

Contribution of zooplankton to the fishery of Dharamtar Creek, adjoining Bombay Harbour

The rich zooplankton standing stock of Dharamtar Creek showed a variation of 8 to 5261 (av. 1032) mg C/100 m super(3)/d which led to a turnover of 29 tonnes C/km super(2)/y. The estimated fishery potential from zooplankton production was 0.079 tonnes C/km super(2) or 29.00 tonnes/km/y. The worked out yield in terms of wet weight of fish was 0.059 tonnes/km2u2/d. Experimental trawling within the creek showed a potential of 0.19 tonnes/km super(2)/d suggesting a transfer coefficient of only 31.4% form secondary to tertiary level. Fish eggs and larvae were very common in the area but contributed collectively only 1% to the total zooplankton population. On an average the outer zone sustained relatively higher population of fish eggs and larvae than the interior zone. The mean population density of larvae (334/100 m super(3)) was 3.5 times higher than fish eggs (93/100 m super(3)) suggesting the good survival rate and a congenial environment for larvae to thrive.