A presença das Instituições de Ensino Superior na web social

A Web 2.0 veio criar uma nova perspetiva de utilização dinâmica, cooperativa, colaborativa da informação, proporcionando assim, uma mudança de paradigma no contexto e na comunicação organizacional. Para o contexto educacional, os desafios são árduos, visto que requer adequar e ajustar de uma forma criteriosa toda e qualquer informação difundida na rede, integrando frequentemente os serviços web 2.0 para o ambiente da aprendizagem. Este estudo interpreta e analisa algumas das linhas de força orientadoras do Processo de Bolonha, e como as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) estão a utilizar a Web social. Procura-se com este estudo contribuir para o crescimento do espaço do conhecimento no campo de Sistemas de Informação (SI). O estudo não aspira apresentar-se como solução definitiva para os problemas de adoção da web 2.0, mas sim, espera chamar a atenção sobre factos que podem trazer benefícios às Instituições de Ensino Superior. Deste modo, e tendo em conta a relevância do estudo no contexto organizacional, surge este trabalho que tem como um dos principais objetivos compreender as razões que levam as IES a adotarem as plataformas da Web social. Outrossim, são identificadas as plataformas utilizadas pelas Instituições de Ensino Superior (para além do seu site institucional), apresentadas algumas métricas de adoção e utilização, e fornecidas pistas para uma reflexão crítica sobre o alinhamento entre as práticas visíveis (mais ou menos publicitadas) e os propósitos do Processo de Bolonha. Por sua vez, estuda-se a convergência em torno das plataformas Facebook, iTunes U, LinkedIn, Twitter, YouTube, Flickr, Slideshare, hi5, Issuu, Vimeo e Google+, e do alinhamento da Web social com alguns propósitos do Processo de Bolonha.

Evaluación poblacional de concha de abanico Argopecten purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819) en la isla Lobos de Tierra, 2010

Entre el 14 y 23 de diciembre 2010, se efectuó la evaluación poblacional de la concha de abanico en la isla Lobos de Tierra, su distribución se registró entre 6°21’12,6”S y 6°24’12,6”S, (noreste de Cabo Cruz y sur de Juanchuquita) y entre 6°26’38,8”S y 6°27’18,4”S (sur de Roca Blanca y norte de El Ñopo) a profundidades de 14,3 a 26,3 m. La altura valvar varió entre 7 y 107 mm. El rango más amplio de tallas y la mayor talla media (69,9 mm), se presentó en el estrato III. Predominaron los ejemplares desovados (37,50%) y desovantes (28,41%). Las densidades fluctuaron entre 1 y 77 ejem.m-2, predominando el rango entre 1 a 10 ind.m-2. La biomasa total fue estimada en 4962,716 t y la población en 87,61 millones de individuos El stock de juveniles (≤25 mm) fue de 0,18 millones de ejemplares y 0,012 t. El stock explotable (≥65 mm) estuvo constituido por 53,81 millones de individuos (61,42%) y 3.725,81 t (75,08%) de la biomasa. Se observó alta mortandad de individuos entre 14 y 77 mm de altura valvar, distribuidos en áreas con niveles de oxígeno menores a 0,1 mL/L, que coincidieron con sustratos reducidos localizados frente a La Grama.

Medical treatments and risk factors for resection surgery in Crohn's disease: results from the Swiss IBD Cohort Study

Background: Surgery has been previously reported to be necessary in up to 80% of Crohn's disease (CD) patients, and up to 65% of patients needed reoperation after 10 years. Prevention of surgery is therefore a particularly important issue for these patients. Treatment options are controversial and data on them are scarce. This study reports medical treatments and main clinical risk factors in CD patients having undergone one or several surgeries. Risks for being free from surgery were also assessed. Methods: Retrospective cohort study, using data from patients included in the Swiss IBD cohort study from November 2006 to July 2011. History of resective surgeries, clinical characteristics and drug regimens were collected through detailed medical records. Univariate and multivariate analyses for clinical and therapeutic factors were performed. Cox regression was made to estimate free-of-surgery risks for different phenotypes and drugs. Results: Out of 1138 CD patients in the cohort, 721 (63.4%) were free of surgery at inclusion; 203 (17.8%) had 1 surgery and 214 (18.8%) >1 surgery. Main risk factors for surgery were disease duration 5-10 years (OR=2.92; p<0.001) and >10 years (OR=10.45; p<0.001), as well as stricturing (OR=8.33; p<0.001) or fistulizing disease (OR=7.34; p<0.001). Risk factors for repeated surgery was disease duration >10 years (OR=2.55; p=0.006) or fistulizing disease (OR=3.79; p<0.001). At inclusion, 107 patients (25.7%) had at least one anti-TNF alpha, 168 (40.3%) at least one immunosuppressive agent, and 41 (9.8%) at least 5-ASA or antibiotics. 64 (15.3%) were not exposed to any medical treatment. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the risk of being free of surgery was 65% after 10 years, 42% after 20 years and 23% after 40 years. Surgical risks were four resp. five time higher for fistulizing and stricturing phenotypes (Hazard ratio (HR) =4.2; p<0.001; resp. HR=4.7; p<0.001) compared to inflammatory phenotype. Surgical risk was 4 times lower (HR=0.27; p=0.063) in CD patients under anti-TNF alpha compared to those under other or no drugs. Conclusion: The risk of having resective surgery was confirmed to be very high for CD in our cohort. Duration of disease, fistulizing and stricturing disease pattern enhance the risk of surgery. Anti-TNF alpha tends to lower this risk.

5-Azacytidine to Treat Acute Myeloid Leukemia In Elderly or Frail Patients: A Phase II Study (SAKK 30/07).

Background: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in the elderly is notoriously difficult to treat and has a low remission rate with very few long term survivors when using standard treatment approaches. Azacytidine, a hypomethylating agent, has been shown to induce remission and prolong survival in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes; studying this approach to patients with AML is therefore warranted. We present results of an ongoing phase II trial treating elderly or frail AML patients with Azacytidine. Methods: AML elderly or frail patients, and therefore unfit for an intensive chemotherapy regimens, with a WHO performance status 3 were considered for this trial. Trial therapy consisted of 100mg/m2 of Azacytidine injected subcutaneously on 5 consecutive days every 28 days up to 6 cycles, stopping at 6 months if no hematological improvement achieved, or earlier in the case of progression or complications. Treatment was continued beyond 6 months in responding patients. Trial therapy was considered uninteresting if the response rate (CR + PR) within 6 months of therapy initiation was 15% or less and promising if 34% or more. Using the exact single-stage phase II design by A'Hern with a 5% significance level and 90% power, 43 patients were required: If 10 or fewer achieved a response within 6 months the trial therapy should not be considered for further investigation in its current format for this indication and patient population. Results: Between September 2008 and January 2010, 45 evaluable patients across 10 Swiss centers were accrued with a median follow-up of 7 months (range: 0 - 13). 27 (60%) were male, median age was 74 (range: 55 - 86) years and 35 (78.8%) had performance status 0-1. Patients had been excluded from more intensive chemotherapy regimens because of age (n = 37) or due to comorbidities or patient refusal (n=8). Five patients had therapy related AML. Patients received a median of 3 (range: 1 - 10) cycles. Treatment was stopped for not achieving a response by the 6th cycle in 2 patients and earlier in 26 patients (for disease progression in 5, toxicity in 3, patient refusal in 2, recurrent infections in 1, and death in 8). Seventeen patients remain on therapy. The median time spent in the hospital was 12 days (1 - 30) in 24/38 patients hospitalized during the first treatment cycle and 13 days (2 - 28) in 15/31 patients hospitalized during subsequent cycles. Adverse events of grade III or higher most frequently reported were constitutional or hematologic, i.e. fatigue in 5, febrile neutropenia in 8, infections in 6, dyspnea in 6, anemia in 3, neutropenia in 12 and thrombocytopenia in 10, hemorrhage in 2 and retinal detachment in 5. Based on available data on 38 patients, CR/CRi or hematologic improvement or stable disease within 6 months of trial registration was observed in a proportion of patients. Final and mature data, determining whether the predefined proportion of responding patients has been reached or not, will be presented at the conference. Up to now there were a total of 26 deaths. Median overall survival time was 5.7 months (95% CI: 3.1, 8.7). Conclusions: The current results of this slightly modified Azacytidine schedule demonstrate a feasible new therapy option for elderly or frail AML patients in an outpatient setting with moderate, mainly hematologic toxicity.

Propágulos de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em solos deficientes em fósforo sob diferentes usos, da região semi-arida no nordeste do Brasil

A conversão de áreas de caatinga em agricultura e pecuária de subsistência é uma das características marcantes da região semi-árida do Nordeste do Brasil. O presente estudo investigou o efeito dessa conversão sobre os propágulos de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) em 10 locais diferentes, distribuídos nos Estados da Paraíba e de Pernambuco. Cada local consistiu de uma área de vegetação nativa (caatinga) contígua com uma área cultivada, na mesma posição de encosta. Amostras de solo foram coletadas a intervalos de 20-30 m, nas profundidades de 0-7,5 e 7,5-15 cm (10 locais x 2 usos do solo x 2 profundidades com 4 pontos amostrais) ao longo de uma transecção que cruzava as áreas contíguas. As raízes (< 2 mm) catadas das amostras de solo (n = 160) foram coloridas com azul de tripan para quantificar o grau de colonização por FMA, verificando-se também o tipo de estruturas fúngicas presentes. Esporos de FMA extraídos do solo por peneiramento úmido foram incubados em solução de cloreto de iodonitrotetrazólio (INT) e contados, considerando-se viáveis os corados pelo INT. O solo foi analisado quanto ao teor de P-resina e CO total (COT). Para análise dos resultados, as 10 áreas com vegetação nativa foram separadas em dois subgrupos: caatinga preservada (CaatP, n = 6) e caatinga raleada (CaatR, n = 4), por apresentarem diferentes graus de degradação. Pelo mesmo motivo, as áreas cultivadas também foram separadas em dois subgrupos: cultivada preservada (CultP, n = 4) e cultivada degradada (CultD, n = 6). Dessa forma, foram estabelecidos quatro níveis de intensidade de uso do solo ou degradação, conforme o histórico de uso, a observação visual da degradação da vegetação ou do solo e a erosão do solo avaliada pela técnica do 137Cs. O efeito da intensidade de uso do solo nos propágulos de FMA somente foi observado na camada de 0-7,5 cm, exceto para esporos não-viáveis. A densidade de esporos viáveis variou de 1,4 a 6,8 esporos/50 g de solo e a de não-viáveis, de 91,4 a 226 esporos/50 g de solo. A categoria CaatR foi a que apresentou resultados mais consistentes em relação ao estímulo do desmatamento seletivo (raleamento) sobre os propágulos, com maior número de esporos viáveis, maior intensidade de colonização e diminuição da proporção de amostras com vesículas, em relação às demais categorias. Os teores de P-resina nas amostras de solo foram, em geral, muito baixos (< 6 mg kg-1), tendo-se observado que a colonização radicular em amostras com teores inferiores a 1,5 mg kg-1 foi menos intensa naquelas com P-resina acima desse valor. Observou-se também que a colonização das raízes foi favorecida pelos teores mais altos de COT, o mesmo acontecendo com o número de esporos viáveis.

Inpatient diabetes care in a Swiss multi-site hospital: is there room for improvement?

Background and objective: Optimal care of diabetic patients (DPs) decreases the risk of complications. Close blood glucose monitoring can improve patient outcomes and shorten hospital stay. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the treatment of hospitalized DPs according to the current standards, including their diabetic treatment and drugs to prevent diabetes related complications [=guardian drugs: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB), antiplatelet drugs, statins]. Guidelines of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) [1] were used as reference as they were the most recent and exhaustive for hospital care. Design: Observational pilot study: analysis of the medical records of all DPs seen by the clinical pharmacists during medical rounds in different hospital units. An assessment was made by assigning points for fulfilling the different criteria according to ADA and then by dividing the total by the maximum achievable points (scale 0-1; 1 = all criteria fulfilled). Setting: Different Internal Medicine and Geriatric Units of the (multi-site) Ho^pital du Valais. Main outcome measures: - Completeness of diabetes-related information: type of diabetes, medical history, weight, albuminuria status, renal function, blood pressure, (recent) lipid profile. - Management of blood glucose: Hb1Ac, glycemic control, plan for treating hyper-/hypoglycaemia. - Presence of guardian drugs if indicated. Results: Medical records of 42 patients in 10 different units were analysed (18 women, 24 men, mean age 75.4 ± 11 years). 41 had type 2 diabetes. - Completeness of diabetes-related information: 0.8 ± 0.1. Information often missing: insulin-dependence (43%) and lipid profile (86%). - Management of blood glucose: 0.5 ± 0.2. 15 patients had suboptimal glycemic balance (target glycaemia 7.2-11.2 mmol/ l, with values[11.2 or\3.8 mmol/l, or Hb1Ac[7%), 10 patients had a deregulated balance (more than 10 values[11.2 mmol/l or \3.8 mmol/l and even values[15 mmol/l). - Presence of guardian drugs if indicated: ACEI/ARB: 19 of 23 patients (82.6%), statin: 16 of 40 patients (40%), antiplatelet drug: 16 of 39 patients (41%). Conclusions: Blood glucose control was insufficient in many DPs and prescription of statins and antiplatelet drugs was often missing. If confirmed by a larger study, these two points need to be optimised. As it is not always possible and appropriate to make those changes during hospital stay, a further project should assess and optimise diabetes care across both inpatient and outpatient settings.

Comunidades microbianas, atividade enzimática e fungos micorrízicos em solo rizosférico de "Landfarming" de resíduos petroquímicos

As raízes das plantas podem estimular a microbiota do solo, a qual pode contribuir para o aumento da eficiência do processo de remediação. Assim, avaliar a magnitude dos efeitos das raízes sobre a microbiota do solo é de grande interesse e de relevância prática e ecológica. Neste trabalho, avaliaram-se a densidade microbiana, a atividade enzimática, a estrutura da comunidade bacteriana e a presença de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) na rizosfera de plantas de ocorrência espontânea em solo de sistema de "landfarming" de resíduos petroquímicos. Avaliaram-se também solos rizosféricos de cinco plantas e solo-controle sem planta por meio de contagens de microrganismos em placas, eletroforese em gel com gradiente desnaturante (DGGE) de fragmentos do gene rRNA 16S, seqüenciamento genético, atividades enzimáticas, percentagem de colonização radicular e contagem e identificação de esporos de FMAs. As plantas estimularam a densidade microbiana total e da população de degradadores de antraceno, com contagens médias de 1,5 x 10(6) e 2,2 x 10(6) UFC g-1 no solo seco, respectivamente, enquanto, no solo sem planta, essas contagens foram de 5,7 x 10(5) e 2,9 x 10(5) UFC g-1 no solo seco para os respectivos grupos microbianos. As espécies de maior efeito foram Bidens pilosa e Eclipta alba. Entretanto, esses efeitos estimulantes não foram verificados para a atividade enzimática do solo. A colonização micorrízica das raízes (em torno de 40 %) e a densidade de esporos nos solos rizosféricos foram elevadas (entre 900 e 4.800 esporos por 50 cm³ de solo), sendo maior na Brachiaria decumbens. Foram identificadas quatro espécies de FMAs: Acaulospora morrowiae, Glomus intraradices, Paraglomus occultum e Archaeospora trappei. Com exceção de G. intraradices, essas espécies não foram observadas em áreas contaminadas por hidrocarbonetos de petróleo. A análise por DGGE revelou que os solos rizosféricos apresentaram comunidades bacteriana diferente do solo sem plantas. As bactérias degradadoras de antraceno isoladas apresentaram relação filogenética com os gêneros Streptomyces, Nocardioides, Arthrobacter, Pseudoxanthomonas e com gêneros não identificados das famílias Cellulomonadaceae, Xanthomonadaceae e Rhodobacteraceae, sendo quatro destes isolados pertencentes aos actinomicetos. Apenas Nocardioides e o gênero relacionado com a família Cellulomonadaceae foram relatados em áreas brasileiras contaminadas com hidrocarbonetos de petróleo. Conclui-se que as plantas estimulam o aumento da densidade de células bacterianas e alteram a comunidade microbiana do solo de "landfarming" de resíduo petroquímico.

Psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version of instruments to measure neck pain disability

Background: The NDI, COM and NPQ are evaluation instruments for disability due to NP. There was no Spanish version of NDI or COM for which psychometric characteristics were known. The objectives of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the Spanish version of the Neck Disability Index Questionnaire (NDI), and the Core Outcome Measure (COM), to validate its use in Spanish speaking patients with non-specific neck pain (NP), and to compare their psychometric characteristics with those of the Spanish version of the Northwick Pain Questionnaire (NPQ).Methods: Translation/re-translation of the English versions of the NDI and the COM was done blindly and independently by a multidisciplinary team. The study was done in 9 primary care Centers and 12 specialty services from 9 regions in Spain, with 221 acute, subacute and chronic patients who visited their physician for NP: 54 in the pilot phase and 167 in the validation phase. Neck pain (VAS), referred pain (VAS), disability (NDI, COM and NPQ), catastrophizing (CSQ) and quality of life (SF-12) were measured on their first visit and 14 days later. Patients' self-assessment was used as the external criterion for pain and disability. In the pilot phase, patients' understanding of each item in the NDI and COM was assessed, and on day 1 test-retest reliability was estimated by giving a second NDI and COM in which the name of the questionnaires and the order of the items had been changed.Results: Comprehensibility of NDI and COM were good. Minutes needed to fill out the questionnaires [median, (P25, P75)]: NDI. 4 (2.2, 10.0), COM: 2.1 (1.0, 4.9). Reliability: [ICC, (95%CI)]: NDI: 0.88 (0.80, 0.93). COM: 0.85 (0.75,0.91). Sensitivity to change: Effect size for patients having worsened, not changed and improved between days 1 and 15, according to the external criterion for disability: NDI: -0.24, 0.15, 0.66; NPQ: -0.14, 0.06, 0.67; COM: 0.05, 0.19, 0.92. Validity: Results of NDI, NPQ and COM were consistent with the external criterion for disability, whereas only those from NDI were consistent with the one for pain. Correlations with VAS, CSQ and SF-12 were similar for NDI and NPQ (absolute values between 0.36 and 0.50 on day 1, between 0.38 and 0.70 on day 15), and slightly lower for COM (between 0.36 and 0.48 on day 1, and between 0.33 and 0.61 on day 15). Correlation between NDI and NPQ: r = 0.84 on day 1, r = 0.91 on day 15. Correlation between COM and NPQ: r = 0.63 on day 1, r = 0.71 on day 15.Conclusion: Although most psychometric characteristics of NDI, NPQ and COM are similar, those from the latter one are worse and its use may lead to patients' evolution seeming more positive than it actually is. NDI seems to be the best instrument for measuring NP-related disability, since its results are the most consistent with patient's assessment of their own clinical status and evolution. It takes two more minutes to answer the NDI than to answer the COM, but it can be reliably filled out by the patient without assistance.

Encapsulation of packaging cell line results in successful retroviral-mediated transfer of a suicide gene in vivo in an experimental model of glioblastoma.

AIMS: Retroviral-mediated gene therapy has been proposed as a primary or adjuvant treatment for advanced cancer, because retroviruses selectively infect dividing cells. Efficacy of retroviral-mediated gene transfer, however, is limited in vivo. Although packaging cell lines can produce viral vectors continuously, such allo- or xenogeneic cells are normally rejected when used in vivo. Encapsulation using microporous membranes can protect the packaging cells from rejection. In this study, we used an encapsulated murine packaging cell line to test the effects of in situ delivery of a retrovirus bearing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase suicide gene in a rat model of orthotopic glioblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To test gene transfer in vitro, encapsulated murine psi2-VIK packaging cells were co-cultured with baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, and the percentage of transfected BHK cells was determined. For in vivo experiments, orthotopic C6 glioblastomas were established in Wistar rats. Capsules containing psi2-VIK cells were stereotaxically implanted into these tumours and the animals were treated with ganciclovir (GCV). Tumours were harvested 14 days after initiation of GCV therapy for morphometric analysis. RESULTS: Encapsulation of psi2-VIK cells increased transfection rates of BHK target cells significantly in vitro compared to psi2-VIK conditioned medium (3 x 10(6) vs 2.3 x 10(4) cells; P<0.001). In vivo treatment with encapsulated packaging cells resulted in 3% to 5% of C6 tumour cells transduced and 45% of tumour volume replaced by necrosis after GCV (P<0.01 compared to controls). CONCLUSION: In this experimental model of glioblastoma, encapsulation of a xenogeneic packaging cell line increased half-life and transduction efficacy of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer and caused significant tumour necrosis.

Application of alkaline waste from pulp industry to acid soil with pine

In Brazil extensive areas are covered with pine forests, planted for pulp and paper production. This industry generates solid alkaline waste, such as dregs. The application of this dregs to forest soils is an alternative for soil acidity correction and plant nutrient supply, as well as a solution for its proper disposal. The purpose of this study was to compare the residual effect of surface application of dregs and dolomitic lime on (a) changes in the physical and chemical properties of an acidic soil and (b) pine tree development. The experiment was carried out in 2004 in Bocaina do Sul, Santa Catarina, consisting of the application of increasing dreg and lime rates to a Pinus taeda L. production area, on a Humic Cambisol, in a randomized block design with four replications and 10 x 10 m plots. The treatments consisted of levels of soil acidity amendments corresponding to the recommendations by the SMP method to reach pH 5.5 in the 0-20 cm layer, as follows: no soil amendment; dregs at 5.08 (1/4 SMP), 10.15 (1/2 SMP) and 20.3 Mg ha-1 (1 SMP); and lime at 8.35 (1/2 SMP) and 16.7 Mg ha-1 (1 SMP). Soil layers were sampled in 2010 for analyses of soil chemical and physical properties. The diameter at breast height of the 6.5 year old pine trees was also evaluated. Surface application of dregs improved soil chemical fertility by reducing acidity and increasing base saturation, similar to liming, especially in surface layers. Dregs, comparable to lime, reduced the degree of clay flocculation, but did not affect the soil physical quality. There was no effect of the amendments on increase in pine tree diameter. Thus, the alternative to raise the pH in forest soils to 5.5 with dregs is promising for the forestry sector with a view to dispose of the waste and increase soil fertility.

Neoadjuvant treatment with docetaxel plus lapatinib, trastuzumab, or both followed by an anthracycline-based chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer: results of the randomised phase II EORTC 10054 study.

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant trials conducted using a double HER2 blockade with lapatinib and trastuzumab, combined with different paclitaxel-containing chemotherapy regimens, have shown high pathological complete response (pCR) rates, but at the cost of important toxicity. We hypothesised that this toxicity might be due to a specific interaction between paclitaxel and lapatinib. This trial assesses the toxicity and activity of the combination of docetaxel with lapatinib and trastuzumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with stage IIA to IIIC HER2-positive breast cancer received six cycles of chemotherapy (three cycles of docetaxel followed by three cycles of fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide). They were randomised 1 : 1 : 1 to receive during the first three cycles either lapatinib (1000 mg orally daily), trastuzumab (4 mg/kg loading dose followed by 2 mg/kg weekly), or trastuzumab + lapatinib at the same dose. The primary end point was pCR rate defined as ypT0/is. Secondary end points included safety and toxicity. pCR rate defined as ypT0/is ypN0 was assessed as an exploratory analysis. In June 2012, arm A was closed for futility based on the results from other studies. RESULTS: From October 2010 to January 2013, 128 patients were included in 14 centres. The percentage of the 122 assessable patients with pCR in the breast, and pCR in the breast and nodes, was numerically highest in the lapatinib + trastuzumab group (60% and 56%, respectively), intermediate in the trastuzumab group (52% and 52%), and lowest in the lapatinib group (46% and 36%). Frequency (%) of the most common grade 3-4 toxicities in the lapatinib /trastuzumab/lapatinib + trastuzumab arms were: febrile neutropenia 23/15/10, diarrhoea 9/2/18, infection (other) 9/4/8, and hepatic toxicity 0/2/8. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a numerically modest pCR rate increase with double anti-HER2 blockade plus chemotherapy, but suggests that the use of docetaxel rather than paclitaxel may not reduce toxicity. CLINICALTRIALSGOV: NCT00450892.

VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DA PRODUTIVIDADE DE SORGO E DE ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO NA REGIÃO DO ECÓTONO CERRADO-PANTANAL, MS

O Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moech é uma importante forrageira de alta produção, que cresce no cenário brasileiro ainda de forma lenta em substituição ao cultivo de milho safrinha. A cultura do sorgo seria alternativa no período da seca na produção de silagem para o período das águas; contudo, o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas pode ser influenciado por alterações nos atributos do solo, como textura, porosidade e estrutura do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e caracterizar a dependência e variabilidade espacial entre atributos do solo e a cultura do sorgo forrageiro, em um Planossolo Hidromórfico no ecótono Cerrado-Pantanal. Para tanto, estimaram-se a produtividade de matérias verde e seca de forragem (MVF e MSF) de sorgo forrageiro e os atributos do solo, como macroporosidade (Ma), microporosidade (Mi), porosidade total (Pt), diâmetro médio geométrico, diâmetro médio ponderado, índice de estabilidade de agregados (IEA) e teor de carbono orgânico total do solo (COT), em duas profundidades: 1 (0,00-0,10 m) e 2 (0,10-0,20 m). Em relação à malha geoestatística, foram realizadas 50 coletas de atributos de planta e solo em 40 ha. Isso possibilitou detectar a elevada variabilidade espacial dos atributos de planta (MVF e MSF) e também os atributos do solo que mais variaram espacialmente. Com relação às variáveis que apresentaram dependência espacial, o coeficiente de determinação (r2) decresceu na seguinte ordem: IEA1, silte2, Ma1, Pt1, areia2, silte1, MSF, argila1, MVF e IEA2. Com isso, verificou-se que IEA1 apresentou o melhor ajuste semivariográfico (r2 = 0,926), com alcance de 677,0 m, e o avaliador da dependência espacial (50,6 %) moderado. O silte1, porém, evidenciou o menor alcance (111,0 m) e, assim, recomenda-se que em estudos posteriores o alcance mínimo a ser adotado, para esse tipo de avaliação, não deve ser inferior a esse valor em Planossolo Hidromórfico sob preparo convencional. A correlação linear foi significativa e elevada para MVF e MSF, ao passo que entre atributos de planta versus solo houve correlações positiva e negativa. No âmbito da cokrigagem, a argila1 foi o melhor indicador para estimar a variabilidade espacial da produtividade de massa seca de forragem de sorgo de correlação significativa e negativa (r = -0,292*).