Optimizing the quantum dot: Plasmon interaction in a nano gap waveguide

Spontaneous emission (SE) of a Quantum emitter depends mainly on the transmission strength between the upper and lower energy levels as well as the Local Density of States (LDOS)[1]. When a QD is placed in near a plasmon waveguide, LDOS of the QD is increased due to addition of the non-radiative decay and a plasmonic decay channel to free space emission[2-4]. The slow velocity and dramatic concentration of the electric field of the plasmon can capture majority of the SE into guided plasmon mode (Гpl ). This paper focused on studying the effect of waveguide height on the efficiency of coupling QD decay into plasmon mode using a numerical model based on finite elemental method (FEM). Symmetric gap waveguide considered in this paper support single mode and QD as a dipole emitter. 2D simulation models are done to find normalized Гpl and 3D models are used to find probability of SE decaying into plasmon mode ( β) including all three decay channels. It is found out that changing gap height can increase QD-plasmon coupling, by up to a factor of 5 and optimally placed QD up to a factor of 8. To make the paper more realistic we briefly studied the effect of sharpness of the waveguide edge on SE emission into guided plasmon mode. Preliminary nano gap waveguide fabrication and testing are already underway. Authors expect to compare the theoretical results with experimental outcomes in the future

Graphene quantum dots and the resonance light scattering technique for trace analysis of phenol in different water samples

A novel, highly selective resonance light scattering (RLS) method was researched and developed for the analysis of phenol in different types of industrial water. An important aspect of the method involved the use of graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which were initially obtained from the pyrolysis of citric acid dissolved in aqueous solutions. The GQDs in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and H2O2 were found to react quantitatively with phenol such that the RLS spectral band (310 nm) was quantitatively enhanced as a consequence of the interaction between the GQDs and the quinone formed in the above reaction. It was demonstrated that the novel analytical method had better selectivity and sensitivity for the determination of phenol in water as compared to other analytical methods found in the literature. Thus, trace amounts of phenol were detected over the linear ranges of 6.00×10−8–2.16×10−6 M and 2.40×10−6–2.88×10−5 M with a detection limit of 2.20×10−8 M. In addition, three different spiked waste water samples and two untreated lake water samples were analysed for phenol. Satisfactory results were obtained with the use of the novel, sensitive and rapid RLS method.

Two-dimensional coordination polymeric structures in caesium complexes with ring-substituted phenoxyacetic acids

The two-dimensional polymeric structures of the caesium complexes with the phenoxyacetic acid analogues (4-fluorophenoxy)acetic acid, (3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid and the herbicidally active (2,4-dichlorophen­oxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), namely poly[[5-(4-fluorophenoxy)acetato][4-(4-fluorophenoxy)acetato]dicaesium], [Cs2(C8H6FO3)2]n, (I), poly[aqua[5-(3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetato]caesium], [Cs(C9H8ClO3)(H2O)]n, (II), and poly[[7-(2,4-di­chlorophenoxy)acetato][(2,4-dichlorphenoxy)acetic acid]caesium], [Cs(C8H5Cl2O3)(C8H6Cl2O3)]n, (III), are described. In (I), the Cs+ cations of the two individual irregular coordination polyhedra in the asymmetric unit (one CsO7 and the other CsO8) are linked by bridging carboxylate O-atom donors from the two ligand molecules, both of which are involved in bidentate chelate Ocarboxy,Ophenoxy interactions, while only one has a bidentate carboxylate O,O'-chelate inter­action. Polymeric extension is achieved through a number of carboxylate O-atom bridges, with a minimum CsCs separation of 4.3231 (9) Å, giving layers which lie parallel to (001). In hydrated complex (II), the irregular nine-coordination about the Cs+ cation comprises a single monodentate water molecule, a bidentate Ocarboxy,Ophenoxy chelate interaction and six bridging carboxylate O-atom bonding interactions, giving a CsCs separation of 4.2473 (3) Å. The water mol­ecule forms intralayer hydrogen bonds within the two-dimensional layers, which lie parallel to (100). In complex (III), the irregular centrosymmetric CsO6Cl2 coordination environment comprises two O-atom donors and two ring-substituted Cl-atom donors from two hydrogen bis[(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate] ligand species in a bidentate chelate mode, and four O-atom donors from bridging carboxyl groups. The duplex ligand species lie across crystallographic inversion centres, linked through a short O-HO hydrogen bond involving the single acid H atom. Structure extension gives layers which lie parallel to (001). The present set of structures of Cs salts of phenoxyacetic acids show previously demonstrated trends among the alkali metal salts of simple benzoic acids with no stereochemically favourable interactive substituent groups for formation of two-dimensional coordination polymers.

A novel fluorescent probe involving a graphene quantum dot-enzyme hybrid system for the analysis of hydroquinone in the presence of toxic resorcinol and catechol

An efficient method for the analysis of hydroquinone at trace levels in water samples has been developed in the form of a fluorescent probe based on graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The analytical variable, fluorescence quenching, was generated from the formation of benzoquinone intermediates, which formed during the catalytic oxidation of hydroquinone by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In general, the reaction mechanism involved hydroquinone, as an electron acceptor, which affected the surface state of GQDs via an electron transfer effect. The water-soluble GQDs were directly prepared by the pyrolysis of citric acid and with the use of the mentioned hybrid enzyme system, the detection limit for hydroquinone was as low as 8.4 × 10−8 M. Furthermore, this analysis was almost unaffected by other phenol and quinine compounds, such as phenol, resorcinol and other quinines, and therefore, the developed GQD method produced satisfactory results for the analysis of hydroquinone in several different lake water samples.

Applying POVM to model non-orthogonality in quantum cognition

Much of the work currently occurring in the field of Quantum Interaction (QI) relies upon Projective Measurement. This is perhaps not optimal, cognitive states are not nearly as well behaved as standard quantum mechanical systems; they exhibit violations of repeatability, and the operators that we use to describe measurements do not appear to be naturally orthogonal in cognitive systems. Here we attempt to map the formalism of Positive Operator Valued Measure (POVM) theory into the domain of semantic memory, showing how it might be used to construct Bell-type inequalities.

Within-Die Gate Delay Variability Measurement using Re-configurable Ring Oscillator

We report a circuit technique to measure the on-chip delay of an individual logic gate (both inverting and non-inverting) in its unmodified form using digitally reconfigurable ring oscillator (RO). Solving a system of linear equations with different configuration setting of the RO gives delay of an individual gate. Experimental results from a test chip in 65nm process node show the feasibility of measuring the delay of an individual inverter to within 1pS accuracy. Delay measurements of different nominally identical inverters in close physical proximity show variations of up to 26% indicating the large impact of local or within-die variations.

The role of lysine-41 in RNase A catalysis - A quantum chemical study on the active site ligand complex

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the action of enzymes at the atomic level. Among them, the recent proposals involving short hydrogen bonds as a step in catalysis by Gerlt and Gassman [1] and proton transfer through low barrier hydrogen bonds (LBHBs) [2, 3] have attracted attention. There are several limitations to experimentally testing such hypotheses, Recent developments in computational methods facilitate the study of active site-ligand complexes to high levels of accuracy, Our previous studies, which involved the docking of the dinucleotide substrate UpA to the active site of RNase A [4, 5], enabled us to obtain a realistic model of the ligand-bound active site of RNase A. From these studies, based on empirical potential functions, we were able to obtain the molecular dynamics averaged coordinates of RNase A, bound to the ligand UpA. A quantum mechanical study is required to investigate the catalytic process which involves the cleavage and formation of covalent bonds. In the present study, we have investigated the strengths of some of the hydrogen bonds between the active site residues of RNase A and UpA at the ab initio quantum chemical level using the molecular dynamics averaged coordinates as the starting point. The 49 atom system and other model systems were optimized at the 3-21G level and the energies of the optimized systems were obtained at the 6-31G* level. The results clearly indicate the strengthening of hydrogen bonds between neutral residues due to the presence of charged species at appropriate positions. Such a strengthening manifests itself in the form of short hydrogen bonds and a low barrier for proton transfer. In the present study, the proton transfer between the 2'-OH of ribose (from the substrate) and the imidazole group from the H12 of RNase A is influenced by K41, which plays a crucial role in strengthening the neutral hydrogen bond, reducing the barrier for proton transfer.

Transition from disc to rod-like shape of 16-3-16 dimeric micelles in aqueous solutions

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements from bis-cationic C16H33N+(CH3)(2)-(CH2)(3)-N+ (CH3)(2)C16H33 2Br(-) dimeric surfactant, referred to as 16-3-16, at different concentrations and temperatures, are reported. It is seen that micelles are disc-like for concentrations C = 2.5 and 10 mM at temperature T = 30 degrees C. At low concentration C = 0.5 mM micelles are rod-like. Similarly, there is a disc to rod-like transition of micelles on increasing the temperature. For C = 2.5 mM, micelles are rod-like at T = 45 and 70 degrees C.

Shape transition in very large germanium islands on Si(111)

Ge islands with areas up to hundreds of μm2 were grown on Si(111). These islands, grown above 750 °C and at a deposition rate of 1 monolayer/min, become decreasingly compact with increasing size and can have nonuniform cross sections with heights reaching over 500 nm. The largest islands are ramified, often comprising multiple discrete parts. X-rayphotoemission electron microscopy absorption maps show that the islands have a higher concentration of Ge at their centers, with more Si near the edges. We propose that the shape transformation is driven by strain relief at the island perimeters.

Gaussian Schell-model beams and general shape invariance

We present two six-parameter families of anisotropic Gaussian Schell-model beams that propagate in a shape-invariant manner, with the intensity distribution continuously twisting about the beam axis. The two families differ in the sense or helicity of this beam twist. The propagation characteristics of these shape-invariant beams are studied, and the restrictions on the beam parameters that arise from the optical uncertainty principle are brought out. Shape invariance is traced to a fundamental dynamical symmetry that underlies these beams. This symmetry is the product of spatial rotation and fractional Fourier transformation.

Implementation of Art1 and Art2 Artificial Neural Networks on Ring and Mesh Architectures

The Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are being used to solve a variety of problems in pattern recognition, robotic control, VLSI CAD and other areas. In most of these applications, a speedy response from the ANNs is imperative. However, ANNs comprise a large number of artificial neurons, and a massive interconnection network among them. Hence, implementation of these ANNs involves execution of computer-intensive operations. The usage of multiprocessor systems therefore becomes necessary. In this article, we have presented the implementation of ART1 and ART2 ANNs on ring and mesh architectures. The overall system design and implementation aspects are presented. The performance of the algorithm on ring, 2-dimensional mesh and n-dimensional mesh topologies is presented. The parallel algorithm presented for implementation of ART1 is not specific to any particular architecture. The parallel algorithm for ARTE is more suitable for a ring architecture.

Structural and optical investigation of semiconductor CdSe/CdS core-shell quantum dot thin films

Highly luminescent CdSe/CdS core-shell nanocrystals have been assembled on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates using a wet synthesis route. The physical properties of the quantum dots (QD) have been investigated using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and optical absorption spectroscopy techniques. These quantum dots showed a strong enhancement in the near band edge absorption. The in situ luminescence behavior has been interpreted in the light of the quantum confinement effect and induced strain in the core-shell structure.

Enantiospecific approach to the tricyclic core structure of tricycloillicinone, ialibinones, and takaneones via ring-closing metathesis reaction

Enantiospecific synthesis of the tricyclic core structure present in the biologically active natural products tricycloillicinone, ialibinones, and takaneones, starting from the readily available campholenaldehyde employing a transannular RCM reaction as the key step, has been accomplished.

Synthesis of Unnatural C-2 Amino Acid Nucleosides Using NIS-Mediated Ring Opening of 1,2-Cyclopropane Carboxylated Sugar Derivatives

We have developed a general and efficient method for the stereoselective construction of pyrimidine-based pyranosyl C-2 amino acid nucleosides using NIS-mediated ring opening of 1,2-cyclopropanated sugar derivatives. This methodology has been successfully extended to the synthesis of furanosyl nucleosides, Which have potential applications in the development of novel, nontoxic antifungal therapeutics.

Working group report: Quantum chromodynamics sub-group

This is the report of the QCD working sub-group at the Tenth Workshop on High Energy Physics Phenomenology (WHEPP-X).