Fatores de risco para a soropositividade do ML Flow em pacientes com hanseníase

O diagnóstico precoce da hanseníase, a correta classificação e o estudo dos fatores de risco relacionados à soropositividade, tornam-se importantes para o tratamento do doente e controle da endemia, especialmente, quando a responsabilidade pelo atendimento desses pacientes está sendo absorvida pelos serviços de atenção básica. Estudo descritivo e exploratório utilizando regressão logística avaliou a associação das variáveis: sexo, idade, modo de detecção, número de lesões cutâneas e de nervos acometidos, grau de incapacidade, baciloscopia, com o resultado do teste sorológico ML Flow, em 1.072 casos novos com hanseníase em 13 municípios de Minas Gerais. A soropositividade (50,7%) estava estatisticamente associada aos pacientes com 15 anos ou mais de idade (OR:2,6), mais de cinco lesões cutâneas (OR:7,5), mais de um nervo acometido (OR:2,4) e com baciloscopia positiva (OR:5,5 para IB<2 e OR:191,2 para IB>2), colaborando, assim, com a classificação e o tratamento adequados dos doentes.

Sorologia rápida para hanseníase (teste ML Flow) em pacientes dimorfos classificados como paucibacilares pelo número de lesões cutâneas: uma ferramenta útil

A hanseníase ainda é doença endêmica no Brasil, com cerca de 40.000 novos casos por ano. Devido à dificuldade na realização de exames laboratoriais em campo, classifica-se a forma clínica contando-se lesões, o que pode causar subdiagnóstico de casos multibacilares e falha terapêutica. Para avaliar uma nova ferramenta para diagnóstico de hanseníase multibacilar, o teste ML Flow, foi realizado em 21/77 (27,3%) pacientes com hanseníase dimorfa (6 DV e 15 DT) não tratados, com até cinco lesões de pele, avaliados de acordo com a classificação de Ridley & Jopling (R&J). O teste ML Flow foi positivo em 14/21 (66,6%) pacientes (4 DV e 10 DT); em 7/21 (33,3%) pacientes (5 DT e 2 DV) o resultado foi negativo. A classificação da hanseníase baseada somente na contagem de lesões pode falhar em diagnosticar casos MB. O ML Flow é ferramenta útil no diagnóstico de hanseníase dimorfa com até cinco lesões cutâneas.

Soroprevalência do teste ML Flow em contatos de hanseníase de Minas Gerais

A hanseníase é um problema de saúde pública no Brasil. As ações de controle estão baseadas no diagnóstico e tratamento dos indivíduos doentes e na vigilância de seus contatos. Os testes sorológicos permitem identificar, entre os contatos, aqueles com maior risco de desenvolver hanseníase. O ML Flow foi utilizado em 2.840 contatos intradomiciliares de casos novos de hanseníase, diagnosticados entre outubro de 2002 e março de 2004, em Minas Gerais. O ML Flow foi positivo em 20,5% dos contatos de hanseníase, sendo maior nos contatos do sexo masculino (22,4%), nos maiores de 15 anos (21,7%), nos contatos de doentes multibacilares (23,9%). A chance de um contato ser soropositivo foi maior se convivia com caso multibacilar (OR=1,75), idade superior a 15 anos (OR=1,38) e sexo masculino (OR=1,25). O acompanhamento desses contatos permitirá, no futuro, avaliar o risco que a soropositividade representa no desenvolvimento de hanseníase.

Fatores associados à soropositividade do teste ML Flow em pacientes e contatos de pacientes com hanseníase menores de 18 anos

Estudo transversal em menores de 18 anos, sendo 115 casos novos de hanseníase e 1.011 contatos intradomiciliares. Determinaram-se as proporções da soropositividade do ML Flow e fatores associados ao teste positivo. Observou-se soropositividade em 21,7% dos pacientes e 19,7% dos contatos. Nos pacientes, a regressão logística indicou associação com baciloscopia positiva e número de lesões cutâneas maior que cinco. A análise por árvore de decisão mostrou associação com baciloscopia, classificação de Madri, número de nervos acometidos e idade. Nos contatos, as duas análises indicaram as mesmas associações: classificação do caso-índice, idade e tipo de serviço de saúde. As variáveis que explicaram melhor a soropositividade, em menores de 18 anos, são aquelas associadas à maior carga bacilar. Assim, o teste ML Flow poderia ser utilizado também na infância para ajudar na correta classificação dos pacientes para tratamento e na identificação dos contatos com maior risco de desenvolver hanseníase.

Uso do teste ML Flow em escolares diagnosticados com hanseníase no município de Paracatu, Minas Gerais

A detecção da hanseníase no município de Paracatu é elevada em menores de quinze anos, abrangendo cerca de 6,8/10.000 hab. em 2003 e é classificada como hiperendêmica. O estudo objetiva analisar a aplicação do teste sorológico do PGL-1 (ML Flow) em 56 de 68 pacientes escolares da rede pública, diagnosticados com hanseníase através da busca ativa de casos no município de Paracatu - MG (2004 a 2006), sendo 71%, paucibacilares. Cerca de 85,2% dos pacientes residiam na área urbana, 55,8% eram do sexo feminino e a doença predominava no grupo de 10 a 14 anos (IC95%:0,49-0,89%) e χ²=7,376, sendo que 15 (26,7%) com resultado do ML Flow positivo. Cinco pacientes tinham incapacidades do Grau 1, da forma clínica Dimorfa (40% ML Flow positivo). O percentual de casos de hanseníase entre os contatos intradomiciliares foi de 46,4%, sendo que 44,9% deles com resultado do teste do ML Flow positivo. O estudo sugere incorporar o teste ML Flow nos serviços de saúde, uma vez que o mesmo auxilia na classificação operacional da doença, controle de contatos intradomiciliares com resultado do teste positivo, visando à detecção precoce dos casos suspeitos de hanseníase.

Numerical modelling of compound channel flow

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH/BD/64337/2009 ; projects PTDC/ECM/70652/2006, PTDC/ECM/117660/2010 and RECI/ECM-HID/0371/2012

A method to correct the flow distortion of offshore wind data using CFD simulation and experimental wind tunnel tests

The assessment of wind energy resource for the development of deep offshore wind plants requires the use of every possible source of data and, in many cases, includes data gathered at meteorological stations installed at islands, islets or even oil platforms—all structures that interfere with, and change, the flow characteristics. This work aims to contribute to the evaluation of such changes in the flow by developing a correction methodology and applying it to the case of Berlenga island, Portugal. The study is performed using computational fluid dynamic simulations (CFD) validated by wind tunnel tests. In order to simulate the incoming offshore flow with CFD models a wind profile, unknown a priori, was established using observations from two coastal wind stations and a power law wind profile was fitted to the existing data (a=0.165). The results show that the resulting horizontal wind speed at 80 m above sea level is 16% lower than the wind speed at 80 m above the island for the dominant wind direction sector.

Almirante: Evaluating the board game: Board game, startup, discounted cash flow, venture capital method, real options

This thesis evaluates a start-up company (Jogos Almirante Lda) whose single asset is a board game named Almirante. It aims to conclude whether it makes sense to create a company or just earn copyrights. The thesis analyzes the board game’s market, as part of the general toy’s market, from which some data exists: European countries as well as the USA. In this work it is analyzed the several ways to finance a start-up company and then present an overview of the valuation of the Jogos Almirante based on three different methods: Discounted Cash Flow, Venture Capital Method and Real Options.

Does direct cash flow presentation help in predicting future operating cash flow?

Research literature and regulators are unconditional in pointing the disclosure of operating cash flow through direct method a section of unique information. Besides the intuitive facet, it is also consistent in forecasting future operating cash flows and a cohesive piece to financial statement puzzle. Bearing this in mind, I produce an analysis on the usefulness and predictive ability on the disclosure of gross cash receipts and payments over the disclosure of reconciliation between net income and accruals for two markets with special features, Portugal and Spain. Results validate the usefulness of direct method format in predicting future operating cash flow. Key

The flow-performance relationship around the world

We use a new dataset to study how mutual fund flows depend on past performance across 28 countries. We show that there are marked differences in the flow-performance relationship across countries, suggesting that US findings concerning its shape do not apply universally. We find that mutual fund investors sell losers more and buy winners less in more developed countries. This is because investors in more developed countries are more sophisticated and face lower costs of participating in the mutual fund industry. Higher country-level convexity is positively associated with higher levels of risk taking by fund managers.

A type system for value-dependent information flow analysis

Information systems are widespread and used by anyone with computing devices as well as corporations and governments. It is often the case that security leaks are introduced during the development of an application. Reasons for these security bugs are multiple but among them one can easily identify that it is very hard to define and enforce relevant security policies in modern software. This is because modern applications often rely on container sharing and multi-tenancy where, for instance, data can be stored in the same physical space but is logically mapped into different security compartments or data structures. In turn, these security compartments, to which data is classified into in security policies, can also be dynamic and depend on runtime data. In this thesis we introduce and develop the novel notion of dependent information flow types, and focus on the problem of ensuring data confidentiality in data-centric software. Dependent information flow types fit within the standard framework of dependent type theory, but, unlike usual dependent types, crucially allow the security level of a type, rather than just the structural data type itself, to depend on runtime values. Our dependent function and dependent sum information flow types provide a direct, natural and elegant way to express and enforce fine grained security policies on programs. Namely programs that manipulate structured data types in which the security level of a structure field may depend on values dynamically stored in other fields The main contribution of this work is an efficient analysis that allows programmers to verify, during the development phase, whether programs have information leaks, that is, it verifies whether programs protect the confidentiality of the information they manipulate. As such, we also implemented a prototype typechecker that can be found at http://ctp.di.fct.unl.pt/DIFTprototype/.

Reporting cash flow evidence from campanies listed in the Euronext Lisbon

Based on the 2013 and 2014 consolidated statements of cash flows of companies listed in Euronext Lisbon, this Work Project analyses the cash flow disclosures, namely if they are in accordance with International Accounting Standards 7, specifically the format, the choice of classification interests, dividends paid and received and the composition of cash and cash equivalents. Additionally, quality of income ratio is analyzed due to its importance for users of financial statements. The results show evidence of uniformity and consistency in the use of the direct method for reporting operational activities in both years, but there are some differences regarding the disclosure of interests and dividends, paid and received, respectively.

Dispersion and re-agglomeration of graphite nanoplates in polypropylene melts under controlled flow conditions

The kinetics of GnP dispersion in polypropylene melt was studied using a prototype small scale modular extensional mixer. Its modular nature enabled the sequential application of a mixing step, melt relaxation, and a second mixing step. The latter could reproduce the flow conditions on the first mixing step, or generate milder flow conditions. The effect of these sequences of flow constraints upon GnP dispersion along the mixer length was studied for composites with 2 and 10 wt.% GnP. The samples collected along the first mixing zone showed a gradual decrease of number and size of GnP agglomerates, at a rate that was independent of the flow conditions imposed to the melt, but dependent on composition. The relaxation zone induced GnP re-agglomeration, and the application of a second mixing step caused variable dispersion results that were largely dependent on the hydrodynamic stresses generated.

Analytical and numerical study of the electro-osmotic annular flow of viscoelastic fluids

In this work we present semi-analytical solutions for the electro-osmotic annular flow of viscoelastic fluids modeled by the Linear and Exponential PTT models. The viscoelastic fluid flows in the axial direction between two concentric cylinders under the combined influences of electrokinetic and pressure forcings. The analysis invokes the Debye-Hückel approximation and includes the limit case of pure electro-osmotic flow. The solution is valid for both no slip and slip velocity at the walls and the chosen slip boundary condition is the linear Navier slip velocity model. The combined effects of fluid rheology, electro-osmotic and pressure gradient forcings on the fluid velocity distribution are also discussed.