The role of counselling in dealing with examination malpractices and ethics. ' El papel de la orientación en el fomento de la ética y prevención del fraude en los exámenes'.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación. Con el apoyo económico del departamento MIDE de la UNED

The right to remain silent : the ethics of invasion and evasion in Paul Sayer’s ''The Comforts of Madness''

Este artigo considera as implicações do silêncio e da ética da experimentação médica no romance de Paul Sayer, The Comforts of Madness, vencedor do prémio Whitbread. O romance de Sayer debruça-se sobre um paciente emestado catatónico, Peter, o qual procura retirar-se para um estado de pura subjetividade como consequência de uma série de eventos traumáticos. Inicialmente tratado num hospital tradicional, é posteriormente transferido para uma clínica experimental onde é submetido a uma série de «tratamento» invasivos e bárbaros com o objectivo de «curá-lo». A abordagem de Sayer dos temas relacionados com a insanidade, o silêncio pessoal e a medicina progressiva levanta questões relativas ao direito do indivíduo de rejeitar o mundo comunitário e à ética de extrair a narrativa retida da narrativa relutante. Ao examinar os processos de normalização e resistência, o romance levanta questões relativamente à ética da inclusão forçada e estabelece uma legitimidade de não-cooperação, o direito ao silêncio, o qual funciona em paralelo com a legitimidade da voz marginalizada. A tendência recente nos estudos literários tem sido no sentido da exposição e promoção das vozes anteriormente ostracizadas pela indústria editorial e pelo público leitor, mas, de um modo geral, este processo tem partido da premissa de que a voz perdida beneficia de tal exposição. Para Sayer, existe o caso igualmente persuasivo relacionado com o reconhecimento do direito à privacidade, em risco de ser preterido numa era de transparência excessiva. Este ensaio discute o modo como o romance de Sayer aborda estas preocupações e salienta a sua consciência do processo complexo de lidar com o indivíduo para quem a recusa a falar corresponde a um gesto social ambíguo.

The Ethics of Ethics Reviews in Global Health Research: Case Studies Applying a New Paradigm

With increasing calls for global health research there is growing concern regarding the ethical challenges encountered by researchers from high-income countries (HICs) working in low or middle-income countries (LMICs). There is a dearth of literature on how to address these challenges in practice. In this article, we conduct a critical analysis of three case studies of research conducted in LMICs.We apply emerging ethical guidelines and principles specific to global health research and offer practical strategies that researchers ought to consider. We present case studies in which Canadian health professional students conducted a health promotion project in a community in Honduras; a research capacity-building program in South Africa, in which Canadian students also worked alongside LMIC partners; and a community-university partnered research capacity-building program in which Ecuadorean graduate students, some working alongside Canadian students, conducted community-based health research projects in Ecuadorean communities.We examine each case, identifying ethical issues that emerged and how new ethical paradigms being promoted could be concretely applied.We conclude that research ethics boards should focus not only on protecting individual integrity and human dignity in health studies but also on beneficence and non-maleficence at the community level, explicitly considering social justice issues and local capacity-building imperatives.We conclude that researchers from HICs interested in global health research must work with LMIC partners to implement collaborative processes for assuring ethical research that respects local knowledge, cultural factors, the social determination of health, community participation and partnership, and making social accountability a paramount concern.

The Ethics of Ethics Reviews in Global Health Research: Case Studies Applying a New Paradigm

With increasing calls for global health research there is growing concern regarding the ethical challenges encountered by researchers from high-income countries (HICs) working in low or middle-income countries (LMICs). There is a dearth of literature on how to address these challenges in practice. In this article, we conduct a critical analysis of three case studies of research conducted in LMICs.We apply emerging ethical guidelines and principles specific to global health research and offer practical strategies that researchers ought to consider. We present case studies in which Canadian health professional students conducted a health promotion project in a community in Honduras; a research capacity-building program in South Africa, in which Canadian students also worked alongside LMIC partners; and a community-university partnered research capacity-building program in which Ecuadorean graduate students, some working alongside Canadian students, conducted community-based health research projects in Ecuadorean communities.We examine each case, identifying ethical issues that emerged and how new ethical paradigms being promoted could be concretely applied.We conclude that research ethics boards should focus not only on protecting individual integrity and human dignity in health studies but also on beneficence and non-maleficence at the community level, explicitly considering social justice issues and local capacity-building imperatives.We conclude that researchers from HICs interested in global health research must work with LMIC partners to implement collaborative processes for assuring ethical research that respects local knowledge, cultural factors, the social determination of health, community participation and partnership, and making social accountability a paramount concern.

Truth - the essential dimension of ethics in scholarship, teaching, learning and research

The introduction of metrics, league tables, performance targets, research assessment exercises and a range of other pressures placed by society, funding bodies and employers on scholars, teachers and students have resulted in diminished value being placed on the essential ethical criterion of truth. The impact of reduced valuation for truth has a huge impact on the standing of science and not least horticultural science in the eyes of the general public at a time when this should be a primary concern. This contribution discusses examples of the impact of diminished valuation of truth, the causes of this phenomenon, the results that come from this situation and remedies that are needed.