Gestion et communication de l'information en surveillance biologique. Une approche éthique et interdisciplinaire [Biomonitoring information management and communication: an ethical and interdisciplinary perspective]

This study explores biomonitoring communication with workers exposed to risks. Using a qualitative approach, semi-directive interviews were performed. Results show that occupational physicians and workers share some perceptions, but also point out communication gaps. Consequently, informed consent is not guaranteed. This article proposes some recommendations for occupational physicians' practices.

La música i la multiculturalitat a l'aula. Com la pràctica de les diferents expressions musicals dels infants a l'aula pot ajudar al coneixement mutu en el grup- classe

Actualment, vivim en una societat on hi conviuen diferents cultures i la música és un llenguatge que s’utilitza en totes elles. Aquest treball tractarà el tema de la música i la multiculturalitat a l’aula per investigar si és possible, a partir de la música dels diferents països d’origen dels infants, conèixer-se millor i conèixer millor als companys. Com a mestres hem de tenir en compte totes les cultures de la nostra aula per tal d’ajudar als infants a respectar i valorar cada una d’elles. En aquesta investigació trobarem quina ha estat la metodologia d’estudi, quina ha estat la intervenció a l’aula i quins són els resultats que hem obtingut.

Urban environments and situated institutions : everyday governance in west Bengal

How do processes of power shape the urban environment in small Indian cities? On a day-to-day basis, who actually controls access to and the use of environmental resources? How is this done? Answering these questions contributes to our ability to develop a nuanced understanding the urban condition. In order to investigate these questions an actor-oriented approach is developed, drawing on the anthropological literatures on everyday governance and the everyday state. This conceptual framework informs an urban political ecology approach oriented towards everyday practices and the micro-politics of the (re)production of urban socio-natures. This thesis employs a mixed methods approach to qualitative research. Three cases are presented to explore: para (neighbourhood) clubs as governance actors, the governance of the urban pondscape, and the urban political ecology of solid waste management. These case studies serve to highlight how power shapes the (re)production of urban socio-natures through the everyday environmental governance practices of a complex network of governance actors. This work further demonstrates how multiple intersectionalities, including class, caste and access to political and social authority, shape these practices and their outcomes. Finally, the manner in which balances of power, place making and the formation of subject positions may both result from and shape everyday environmental governance practices and their outcomes is explored. This empirical investigation makes a number of contributions to the literature. It has explores the hereto-understudied topics of environmental governance in small cities in India, the urban political ecologies of non-piped water and of solid waste, and the role of clubs as governance actors. It further contributes to conversations within the literature on how to deepen and broaden Urban Political Ecology by engaging with everyday practices, and cases of ordinary, not-openly contested socio-natures. -- Comment les processus de pouvoir influencent-ils l'environnement urbain dans les petites villes indiennes ? Au quotidien, qui contrôle l'accès et l'utilisation des ressources environnementales ? Comment ce contrôle s'exerce-t-il ? Répondre à ces questions contribue au développement d'une compréhension nuancée de la condition urbaine. Afin d'explorer ces questions une approche actor-oriented de la gouvernance quotidienne est développée, faisant appel aux littératures anthropologiques de la gouvernance quotidienne et de l'everyday state. Ce cadre conceptuel établit ainsi une approche d'Urban Political Ecology orientée vers les pratiques quotidiennes et la micro- politique de la (re) production des socio-natures urbaines. Cette thèse emploie des méthodes qualitatives mixtes. Trois cas sont présentés afin d'étudier : les clubs para (quartier) comme acteurs de la gouvernance; la gouvernance de la pondscape urbaine; et l'urban political ecology de la gestion des déchets solides. Ces études de cas permettent de mettre en lumière la façon dont le pouvoir influence la (re)production des socio-natures urbaines par le biais des pratiques quotidiennes de gouvernance environnementale d'un réseau complexe d'acteurs. Ce travail démontre également comment plusieurs intersectionnalités, y compris la classe, la caste et l'accès au pouvoir politique et social, façonnent ces pratiques de gouvernance et leurs produits. Finalement, cette recherche explore la manière dont les équilibres de pouvoir, la fabrication de lieux et la formation de la position du sujet peuvent à la fois résulter de et contribuer à façonner les pratiques quotidiennes de gouvernance environnementale et leurs produits. Cette investigation empirique fait ainsi plusieurs contributions à la littérature. Elle explore les questions jusque-là sous-étudiées de la gouvernance environnementale dans les petites villes en Inde, de l'urban political ecology de l'eau non courante et des déchets solides, ainsi que du rôle des clubs comme acteurs de la gouvernance. Celle-ci contribue également à des débats sur la façon d'approfondir et d'élargir l'urban political ecology en travaillant sur les pratiques quotidiennes, et sur des cas de socio-natures ordinaires, pas ouvertement contestées.

Analyse de réseau piéton et gestion scolaire: sinuosité, centricité et transport optimal régularisé

Que ce soit d'un point de vue, urbanistique, social, ou encore de la gouvernance, l'évolution des villes est un défi majeur de nos sociétés contemporaines. En offrant la possibilité d'analyser des configurations spatiales et sociales existantes ou en tentant de simuler celles à venir, les systèmes d'information géographique sont devenus incontournables dans la gestion et dans la planification urbaine. En cinq ans la population de la ville de Lausanne est passée de 134'700 à 140'570 habitants, alors que les effectifs de l'école publique ont crû de 12'200 à 13'500 élèves. Cet accroissement démographique associé à un vaste processus d'harmonisation de la scolarité obligatoire en Suisse ont amené le Service des écoles à mettre en place et à développer en collaboration avec l'université de Lausanne des solutions SIG à même de répondre à différentes problématiques spatiales. Établies en 1989, les limites des établissements scolaires (bassins de recrutement) ont dû être redéfinies afin de les réadapter aux réalités d'un paysage urbain et politique en pleine mutation. Dans un contexte de mobilité et de durabilité, un système d'attribution de subventions pour les transports publics basé sur la distance domicile-école et sur l'âge des écoliers, a été conçu. La réalisation de ces projets a nécessité la construction de bases de données géographiques ainsi que l'élaboration de nouvelles méthodes d'analyses exposées dans ce travail. Cette thèse s'est ainsi faite selon une dialectique permanente entre recherches théoriques et nécessités pratiques. La première partie de ce travail porte sur l'analyse du réseau piéton de la ville. La morphologie du réseau est investiguée au travers d'approches multi-échelles du concept de centralité. La première conception, nommée sinuo-centralité ("straightness centrality"), stipule qu'être central c'est être relié aux autres en ligne droite. La deuxième, sans doute plus intuitive, est intitulée centricité ("closeness centrality") et exprime le fait qu'être central c'est être proche des autres (fig. 1, II). Les méthodes développées ont pour but d'évaluer la connectivité et la marchabilité du réseau, tout en suggérant de possibles améliorations (création de raccourcis piétons). Le troisième et dernier volet théorique expose et développe un algorithme de transport optimal régularisé. En minimisant la distance domicile-école et en respectant la taille des écoles, l'algorithme permet de réaliser des scénarios d'enclassement. L'implémentation des multiplicateurs de Lagrange offre une visualisation du "coût spatial" des infrastructures scolaires et des lieux de résidence des écoliers. La deuxième partie de cette thèse retrace les aspects principaux de trois projets réalisés dans le cadre de la gestion scolaire. À savoir : la conception d'un système d'attribution de subventions pour les transports publics, la redéfinition de la carte scolaire, ou encore la simulation des flux d'élèves se rendant à l'école à pied. *** May it be from an urbanistic, a social or from a governance point of view, the evolution of cities is a major challenge in our contemporary societies. By giving the opportunity to analyse spatial and social configurations or attempting to simulate future ones, geographic information systems cannot be overlooked in urban planning and management. In five years, the population of the city of Lausanne has grown from 134'700 to 140'570 inhabitants while the numbers in public schools have increased from 12'200 to 13'500 students. Associated to a considerable harmonisation process of compulsory schooling in Switzerland, this demographic rise has driven schooling services, in collaboration with the University of Lausanne, to set up and develop GIS capable of tackling various spatial issues. Established in 1989, the school districts had to be altered so that they might fit the reality of a continuously changing urban and political landscape. In a context of mobility and durability, an attribution system for public transport subventions based on the distance between residence and school and on the age of the students was designed. The implementation of these projects required the built of geographical databases as well as the elaboration of new analysis methods exposed in this thesis. The first part of this work focuses on the analysis of the city's pedestrian network. Its morphology is investigated through multi-scale approaches of the concept of centrality. The first conception, named the straightness centrality, stipulates that being central is being connected to the others in a straight line. The second, undoubtedly more intuitive, is called closeness centrality and expresses the fact that being central is being close to the others. The goal of the methods developed is to evaluate the connectivity and walkability of the network along with suggesting possible improvements (creation of pedestrian shortcuts).The third and final theoretical section exposes and develops an algorithm of regularised optimal transport. By minimising home to school distances and by respecting school capacity, the algorithm enables the production of student allocation scheme. The implementation of the Lagrange multipliers offers a visualisation of the spatial cost associated to the schooling infrastructures and to the student home locations. The second part of this thesis recounts the principal aspects of three projects fulfilled in the context of school management. It focuses namely on the built of an attribution system for public transport subventions, a school redistricting process and on simulating student pedestrian flows.

Métodos de obtenção e aplicações sintéticas de tiazóis, uma importante classe de compostos heterocíclicos

Thiazoles comprise an important class of heterocyclic compounds present in many potent biologically active molecules. This heterocyclic ring also shows various applications in organic synthesis to obtain new compounds. This paper presents different methodologies for the preparation of thiazole ring systems, as well as their synthetic applications.

2-fenilbenzotriazóis (PBTA): uma nova classe de contaminantes ambientais

This work is a literature review of PBTAs, the phenylbenzotriazoles generated from the reduction and chlorination of azo dyes. The PBTAs and the non- chlorinated PBTAs were isolated for the first time from river blue rayon organic extracts that showed high mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/microsome genotoxicity assay. To date, 8 PBTAs have been identified and beside their mutagenic activity in bacteria they cause genotoxic effects in fish and mammalian cell cultures. Due to the large number of textile dyeing facilities in Brazil, studies to determine them in the aquatic environment seem to be relevant.

MONITORAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS DE AGROTÓXICOS DA CLASSE DOS ORGANOFOSFORADOS POR CGDFC EM AMOSTRAS DE LEITE FLUÍDO E EM PÓ

Samples of whole fluid pasteurized, UHT and powdered milk were analyzed for the presence of organophosphorus pesticide residues (OPR) using the QuEChERS method with detection by GC-FPD and confirmation by UPLC-MS/MS. A total of 23% of fluid milk samples and 27% of powdered milk samples contained at least one organophosphorus residue. The OPR found in the samples showed these can reach the milk and remain even after pasteurization, sterilization and drying processes. Some domestic sanitary residues were also present in the powdered milk samples. These residues have no LMR in Brazilian food legislation and are therefore not taken into account in food intake evaluations. There was an unidentified chromatographic peak in 30% of all the liquid and powdered milk samples, indicating the presence of some other contaminant.

Efeitos da idade e classe diamétrica na deformação residual longitudinal em árvores de Eucalyptus dunnii maiden

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da idade e da classe diamétrica nos níveis das tensões de crescimento longitudinal em árvores de Eucalyptus dunnii oriundas de plantio comercial. O material avaliado foi procedente da Empresa Procopiak Compensados e Embalagens S.A., localizada no município de Canoinhas, Santa Catarina. Os níveis de tensão de crescimento foram mensurados indiretamente pelo método do "CIRAD-Forêt". Os resultados indicaram que os níveis da deformação residual longitudinal (DRL) apresentaram tendência de aumento linear com a idade. O efeito da classe diamétrica evidenciou correlação negativa com a DRL aos 8 e 13 anos de idade.

Utilização do tanque Classe A para a estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência dentro de casa de vegetação

O trabalho teve como objetivos estimar a evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) dentro e fora de casa de vegetação, pelo método do tanque "Classe A", utilizando-se de dois valores de Kp e estabelecer correlações entre a ETo, dentro e fora da casa de vegetação, buscando evitar a instalação do tanque "Classe A" dentro da mesma. O experimento foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Câmpus de Jaboticabal - SP. Instalaram-se dois tanques "Classe A", um dentro e outro fora da casa de vegetação. Para o tanque instalado dentro da casa de vegetação, utilizaram-se dois coeficientes de tanque: Kp = 0,7 e Kp = 1,0. Para o tanque instalado fora da casa de vegetação utilizou-se Kp = 0,85. Constatou-se que a ETo dentro da casa de vegetação foi menor que a estimada fora da mesma. Recomenda-se a instalação do tanque "Classe A" dentro da casa de vegetação para a estimativa da ETo, utilizando-se de Kp = 1,0.

Evapotranspiração máxima do capim "Tanzânia" (Panicum maximum J.) em pastejo rotacionado, baseada na evaporação do tanque "Classe A " e no índice de área foliar

Em função do índice de área foliar (IAF) do Capim Tanzânia (Panicum maximum J.) e da lâmina de evaporação do tanque "Classe A" (ECA), foi gerado um modelo multiplicativo para determinar a evapotranspiração máxima (ETm) desse cultivo forrageiro. Foi adotada uma correlação entre a ETm em função da evaporação do tanque "Classe A" e do índice de área foliar (IAF), por meio de uma regressão linear múltipla dos valores logarítmicos, correspondentes a períodos diários durante 11 meses (janeiro a novembro de 2000). Considerando a dificuldade para determinar o IAF e aplicar como variável no modelo proposto, foi desenvolvido outro modelo por meio da correlação entre a ETm e as variáveis ECA e o valor equivalente de IAF, em dias de descanso (NDd), adotando-se como padrão o número de 33 dias como o máximo recomendado de descanso para capim Tanzânia, em condições irrigadas. Para avaliar os modelos, foram utilizados valores de ETm observados a campo durante quatro meses (agosto a novembro-2000) por meio do método de balanço hídrico do solo, monitorado com tensiômetros. Na validação do modelo, foram utilizados testes estatísticos recomendados na literatura, verificando-se bons ajustes entre os valores observados e estimados, recomendando-se a sua utilização para o manejo da irrigação de Capim Tanzânia, no Estado de São Paulo.

Manejo de água em arroz de terras altas no sitema de plantio direto, usando o tanque classe A

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito do manejo de água em cultivares de arroz de terras altas no sistema de plantio direto, usando o tanque Classe A. Os tratamentos consistiram na combinação de três manejos (sequeiro e duas lâminas) e duas cultivares (Confiança e Maravilha), com quatro repetições. A irrigação proporcionou aumento na altura de plantas, massa de 100 grãos, massa hectolítrica, produtividade de grãos, rendimento de benefício e redução do número de dias para o florescimento e ciclo total da cultura. Os valores adotados de coeficientes de cultura não influenciam nas características fenológicas e produtivas da cultura. A produtividade de grãos não diferiu entre as cultivares Confiança e Maravilha.

Histoire et mémoires de l'Institut royal de France : classe d'histoire et de littérature ancienne

1824 (T7).

Histoire et mémoires de l'Institut royal de France : classe d'histoire et de littérature ancienne

Variante(s) de titre : Mémoires de l'Institut royal de France

Histoire et mémoires de l'Institut royal de France : classe d'histoire et de littérature ancienne

1815 (T2).