Aportes para la evaluación del Decenio de las Naciones Unidas para la Mujer y para el diseño de estrategias hacia el futuro = Contributions to the appraisal of the United Nations Decade for Women and to the design of strategies for the future

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Selección de resoluciones aprobadas por la Asamblea General y el Consejo Económico y Social (ECOSOC) durante el período 1981-1988 acerca de la situación de la mujer y su integración en el desarrollo económico y social = A selection of resolutions adopted by the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) between 1981 and 1988 on the situation of women and their integration into economic and social development

Contiene resoluciones aprobadas por la Asamblea General y el ECOSOC durante los años 1981 y 1988 sobre la situación y participación de la mujer en el desarrollo económico y social.

Resoluciones aprobadas por la Asamblea General y el Consejo Económico y Social (ECOSOC) durante el período 1988-1991 acerca de la situación de la mujer y su integración en el desarrollo económico y social = A selection of resolutions adopted by the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) between 1988 and 1991 on the situation of women and their integration into economic and social development

Selección de resoluciones sobre la integración de la mujer al desarrollo, 1988-1991.

Pelvic floor muscle strength evaluation in different body positions in nulliparous healthy women and its correlation with sexual activity

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength in different body positions in nulliparous healthy women and its correlation with sexual activity.Materials and Methods: Fifty healthy nulliparous women with mean age of 23 years were prospectively studied. Subjective evaluation of PFM was assessed by transvaginal digital palpation (TDP) of anterior and posterior areas regarding the vaginal introitus. A perineometer with inflatable vaginal probe was used to assess the PFM strength in four different positions: supine with extended lower limbs (P1); bent-knee supine (P2); sitting (P3); standing (P4).Results: Physical activity, 3 times per week, was reported by 58% of volunteers. Sexual activity was observed in 80% of women and 82% of them presented orgasm. The average body mass index (BMI) was 21.76 kg/m(2), considered as normal according World Health Organization (WHO). We observed that 68% of volunteers were conscious about the PFM contraction. TDP showed concordance of 76% when anterior and posterior areas were compared (p = 0.00014). There was not correlation between PFM strength and orgasm in subjective evaluation. The PFM strength was significantly higher in standing position when compared with the other positions (p < 0.000). No statistical difference was observed between orgasm and PFM strength when objective evaluations were performed.Conclusions: There was concordance between anterior and posterior areas in 76% of cases when subjective PFM strength was assessed. In objective evaluation, higher PFM strength was observed when volunteers were standing. No statistical correlation was observed between PFM strength and orgasm in nulliparous healthy women.

Gender parity and drug use: are girls catching up with boys?

Objective: To evaluate the association between gender and use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs in adolescents aged 10 to 18 years in the municipalities of Jacare and Diadema, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A total of 971 adolescents completed the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI). Results: In our sample, 55% of adolescents were male, 33.8% reported having made use in the previous month of alcohol, 13.5% of cigarettes, and 6.4% of illicit drugs. There was no significant difference between genders in the use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs in any of the analysis (p > 0.05). The use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs was associated with the city, age, educational level, school failure, and relationship with parents (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Substance abuse among adolescents in our sample seems to follow the recent global trend towards the equalization of drug use between genders. This result should be taken into account by public health professionals in developing policies for this problem. (C) 2012 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.