The wire rope & its applications,

Mode of access: Internet.

The theory, practice, and architecture of bridges of stone, iron, timber, and wire;

Mode of access: Internet.

Iron and steel wire; a bibliography,

Mode of access: Internet.

NOAA weather wire service (NWWS).

"NOAA Weather Wire Service is part of National Disaster Warning Communication System (NADWARN)."

Proceedings of the convention of the Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers' International Union.

Mode of access: Internet.

Double-heater-wire circuits and heat-and-moisture exchangers and the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia

Objective: To compare the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients ventilated in intensive care by means of circuits humidified with a hygroscopic heat-and-moisture exchanger with a bacterial viral filter (HME) or hot-water humidification with a heater wire in both inspiratory and expiratory circuit limbs (DHW) or the inspiratory limb only (SHW). Design: A prospective, randomized trial. Setting: A metropolitan teaching hospital's general intensive care unit. Patients: Three hundred eighty-one patients requiring a minimum period of mechanical ventilation of 48 hrs. Interventions: Patients were randomized to humidification with use of an HME (n = 190), SHW (n = 94), or DHW (n = 97). Measurements and Main Results. Study end points were VAP diagnosed on the basis of Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) (1), HME resistance after 24 hrs of use, endotracheal tube resistance, and HME use per patient. VAP occurred with similar frequency in all groups (13%, HME; 14%, DHW; 10%, SHW; p = 0.61) and was predicted only by current smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-3.9; p =.03) and ventilation days (AOR, 1.05; 95% Cl, 1.0-1.2; p =.001); VAP was less likely for patients with an admission diagnosis of pneumonia (AOR, 0.40; 95% Cl, 0.4-0.2; p =.04). HME resistance after 24 hrs of use measured at a gas flow of 50 L/min was 0.9 cm H2O (0.4-2.9). Endotracheal tube resistance was similar for all three groups (16-19 cm H2O min/L; p =.2), as were suction frequency, secretion thickness, and blood on suctioning (p =.32, p =.06, and p =.34, respectively). The HME use per patient per day was 1.13. Conclusions: Humidification technique does not influence either VAP incidence or secretion characteristics, but HMEs may have air-flow resistance higher than manufacturer specifications after 24 hrs of use.

ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DA POSIÇÃO ÂNTERO POSTERIOR DOS PRIMEIROS MOLARES INFERIORES NO TRATAMENTO ORTODÔNTICO, UTILIZANDO AS TÉCNICAS STRAIGHT-WIRE E EDGEWISE, EM CASOS DE MÁ OCLUSÃO DE CLASSE I DE ANGLE, COM EXTRAÇÃO DE PRIMEIROS PRÉ-MOLARES

Este estudo avaliou o posicionamento ântero posterior dos primeiros molares inferiores, durante o tratamento ortodôntico, utilizando o arco lingual inferior como acessório de ancoragem na técnica Straight-Wire, em comparação aos casos tratados pela técnica Edgewise, sem a utilização do arco lingual. Dois grupos foram selecionados, ambos apresentando má oclusão de Classe I de Angle7, tratados com extração dos primeiros pré-molares superiores e inferiores. Foi utilizada uma amostra de 255 telerradiografias em norma lateral, obtidas de pacientes brasileiros, de ambos os sexos, com média de idade de 13 anos e 6 meses e com diferentes padrões de crescimento facial. Embasado na análise e discussão dos resultados, concluiu-se que: 1) do início do tratamento ao fim da fase de nivelamento, a perda de ancoragem coronária do primeiro molar inferior foi maior nos casos tratados com a técnica Straight-Wire; 2) do fim da fase de nivelamento ao fim do tratamento, a perda de ancoragem coronária e radicular do primeiro molar inferior foi maior na técnica Edgewise; 3) do início ao fim tratamento a perda de ancoragem radicular foi maior nos pacientes tratados com a técnica Edgewise; e 4) o deslocamento ântero-posterior dos incisivos inferiores não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante para ambas as técnicas, em todas as etapas observadas.(AU)

Avaliação das inclinações dentárias obtidas pela técnica Straight-Wire Prescrição Capelozza Classe II.

Ao criar a técnica para tratamento ortodôntico denominado Straight-Wire, Andrews introduziu o uso de bráquetes pré-programados, ou bráquetes construídos individualmente para cada dente, com o objetivo de melhor posicioná-los ao final do tratamento. Capelozza Filho sugeriu novas angulações e inclinações para dentes que necessitavam de ajuste ao final do tratamento, criando prescrições para os diferentes padrões faciais. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar as alterações nas inclinações dentárias causadas pelo tratamento ortodôntico nos dentes anteriores utilizando-se da prescrição Capelozza Classe II. Foram selecionados 17 indivíduos adultos de padrão facial II, portadores de má-oclusão Classe II; para tratamento ortodôntico compensatório, e em três tempos clínicos, relativos a três diferentes fios ortodônticos (.020 ; .019 x .025 , .021 x .025 ), foram realizados exames de tomografia computadorizada volumétrica, para mensuração e posterior avaliação das inclinações dentárias alcançadas em cada um dos tempos, pela ação de cada um dos fios, comparando-se estes valores aos da prescrição utilizada, bem como das diferenças ocorridas entre os tempos. Após a coleta de dados e aplicação dos testes estatísticos, concluiu-se que existe diferença estatística (p<0,05) na maioria dos valores da prescrição e os valores encontrados em cada um dos tempos avaliados; não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes quando comparados os tempos estudados. Observou-se também uma tendência dos dentes a expressarem a prescrição apenas em T3.

An investigation of the mechanics of wire drawing with the superposition of an oscillatory drawing stress

A number of investigators have studied the application of oscillatory energy to a metal undergoing plastic deformation. Their results have shown that oscillatory stresses reduce both the stress required to initiate plastic deformation and the friction forces between the tool and workpiece. The first two sections in this thesis discuss historically and technically the devolopment of the use of oscillatory energy techniques to aid metal forming with particular reference to wire drawing. The remainder of the thesis discusses the research undertaken to study the effect of applying longitudinal oscillations to wire drawing. Oscillations were supplied from an electric hydraulic vibrator at frequencies in the range 25 to 500 c/s., and drawing tests were performed at drawing speeds up to 50 ft/m. on a 2000 lbf. bull-block. Equipment was designed to measure the drawing force, drawing torque, amplitude of die and drum oscillation and drawing speed. Reasons are given for selecting mild steel, pure and hard aluminium, stainless steel and hard copper as the materials to be drawn, and the experimental procedure and calibration of measuring equipment arc described. Results show that when oscillatory stresses are applied at frequencies within the range investigated : (a) There is no reduction in the maximum drawing load. (b) Using sodium stearate lubricant there is a negligible reduction in the coefficient of friction between the die and wire. (c) Pure aluminium does not absorb sufficient oscillatory energy to ease the movement of dislocations. (d) Hard aluminium is not softened by oscillatory energy accelerating the diffusion process. (e) Hard copper is not cyclically softened. A vibration analysis of the bull-block and wire showed that oscillatory drawiing in this frequency range, is a mechanical process of straining; and unstraining the drawn wire, and is dependent upon the stiffness of the material being drawn and the drawing machine. Directions which further work should take are suggested.

Verification of floating point programs

In this thesis we present an approach to automated verification of floating point programs. Existing techniques for automated generation of correctness theorems are extended to produce proof obligations for accuracy guarantees and absence of floating point exceptions. A prototype automated real number theorem prover is presented, demonstrating a novel application of function interval arithmetic in the context of subdivision-based numerical theorem proving. The prototype is tested on correctness theorems for two simple yet nontrivial programs, proving exception freedom and tight accuracy guarantees automatically. The prover demonstrates a novel application of function interval arithmetic in the context of subdivision-based numerical theorem proving. The experiments show how function intervals can be used to combat the information loss problems that limit the applicability of traditional interval arithmetic in the context of hard real number theorem proving.