Fecal pellets collection as a method for assessing egesta of the marine cave-dwelling mysid Hemimysis speluncula

Egesta of a cave-dwelling mysid (Hemimysis speluncola Ledoyer, 1963) was studied in a submarine cave of Medes Islands, NW Mediterranean by in situ fecal pellet collecting. Fecal pellet production and gut fullness of mysids during incubation experiments are used to estimate mysid egestion rates. Intrinsic factors related with the natural history of this species such as population structure, density of mysids, daily rhythms and pellet decomposition rates are tested for their influence on the egestion rate. The effects of methodological artifacts, such as the stress induced by both incubation and preservation procedures, are also studied. An average mysid egests about 2.5 pellets per day into the cave. The time of day is the main factor affecting egestion. The highest deposition rate is between 2 to 4 hours after sunrise when about 38 % of the total daily pellet production becomes egested. Fecal pellet morphology changes with mysid demographic classes: immature mysids produce slender and thick pellets, whereas mature mysids produce only thick pellets. Immature classes show higher percentages of full guts than mature ones. Mysid density in the incubators does not affect the results on gut fullness, but it causes a decrease in the number of pellets collected after incubation. Coprorhexia seems to be the only plausible process to explain this paradox. The incubation procedure does not increase deposition rate significantly. Time of incubation is critical because the half-life of fecal pellets is about 2.5 hours. Fixation with liquid nitrogen decreases gut fullness and also deposition rates. Higher values are obtained with 70 % ethanol and 5 % formalin solutions which show very similar results for both gut fullness and pellet deposition rates. Nevertheless, ethanol is not suitable as fixative because it enhances the opacity of the body. Several suggestions are given in order to optimize the reliability of further in situ experiments for evaluation of egesta of Hemimysis speluncola in submarine caves.

Imported Swine Count, November 2013

The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.

A Y Allah Lou Count Ta Tedri ; Kom Tara / Zohra M'tireb, chant [acc. voc. et instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Imported Swine Count, December 2013

The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.

Níveis de fósforo para caprinos: perda endógena fecal e exigência líquida para mantença

Foram utilizados, no experimento, nove caprinos machos castrados, da raça Alpina, em dois períodos. Os animais permaneceram 28 dias em dieta experimental composta de feno e concentrado, sem suplementação de P, ou com 1g ou 2 g de P, na forma de fosfato bicálcico. No 21º dia os animais receberam injeção de 7,4 MBq de 32P na jugular, e coletaram-se amostras de sangue, fezes e urina, por sete dias, com o objetivo de avaliar o metabolismo do P. O aumento do consumo de P levou a aumento linear significativo do P excretado nas fezes, do P absorvido, do P endógeno fecal, da eficiência de absorção, e dos teores de P nas fezes e no plasma. O aumento do P endógeno fecal (Y) em função do consumo de P (X) pode ser descrito pela equação Y= 10,36 + 0,58X (r=0,94); a perda endógena mínima desses animais foi de 10,36 mg/kg de peso vivo/dia. A eficiência de absorção média foi de 65,76% para os animais suplementados. O teor de P na saliva não apresentou relação linear significativa com o P consumido, e não houve excreção de P pela urina.

Development of a pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis activity index (ped-EEsAI): International experts propose dysphagia, whitish exudates on endoscopy , and intraepithelial eosinophili count as major items related to EoE activity

Background and Aims: The international EEsAI study group aims to develop, validate and evaluate the first pediatric EoE activity index (ped-EEsAI). We report on results of phase 1, which aims to generate candidate items. Methods: This study involves 3 phases: (1) item generation, (2) index derivation and testing on a first patient cohort, and (3) validation in a second cohort. In phase 1, item generation, weighting and reduction are achieved through a Delphi process with an international EoE expert group. The experts proposed and ranked candidate items on a 7-point Likert scale (0 = no, 6 = perfect relationship with EoE activity). Results: 23 international EoE experts proposed and ranked 39 items (20 clinical, 6 endoscopic, 8 histologic, 5 laboratory items). Rank order for clinical items: dysphagia related to food consistencies (median 5, range 2-6), severity of dysphagia (5, 3-6), frequency of dysphagia episodes (5, 3-6), regurgitation and vomiting (4, 2-5), response to dietary restrictions (4, 1-6); endoscopic items: whitish exudates (5, 3-6), furrowing (4, 3-6), corrugated rings (4, 2-6), linear shearing (4, 2-6), strictures (3, 2-6); histologic items: intraepithelial eosinophil count (5, 4-6), lamina propria fibrosis (3, 2-6), basal layer enlargement (3, 1-5); laboratory items: % blood eosinophils (3, 0-5). Conclusions: These items will now be reduced in further Delphi rounds, tested on a cohort of 100 pediatric EoE patients and validated in a second independent cohort, resulting in a robust, broadly accepted disease activity index for use in clinical trials and daily care.

Audit report on the Iowa Egg Council for the years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012

Audit report on the Iowa Egg Council for the years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012

Inter and intra-guild interactions in egg parasitoid species of the soybean stink bug complex

The objective of this research was to evaluate the parasitism behavior of Telenomus podisi Ashmead, Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) e Trissolcus urichi Crawford (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on eggs of Nezara viridula L., Euschistus heros F., Piezodorus guildinii Westwood and Acrosternum aseadum Rolston (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), in no choice and multiple choice experiments. For all parasitoid species, the results demonstrated the existence of a main host species that maximizes the reproductive success. The competitive interactions among the parasitoid species were investigated in experiments of sequential and simultaneous release of different combinations of parasitoid pairs on the hosts N. viridula, E. heros and A. aseadum. Exploitative competition was observed for egg batches at the genus level (Telenomus vs. Trissolcus) and interference competition at the species level (T. basalis vs. T. urichi). Trissolcus urichi was the most aggressive species, interfering with the parasitism of T. basalis. Generally, T. basalis showed an opportunistic behavior trying to parasitise eggs after T. urichi had abandoned the egg batch. The selection of parasitoid species for use in augmentative biological control programs should take into account the diversity of pentatomids present in soybean in addition to the interactions among the different species of parasitoids.

Imported Swine Count, January 2014`

The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.

Imported Swine Count, February 2014

The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.

Imported Swine Count, March 2014

The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.

Imported Swine Count, April 2014

The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.

Imported Swine Count, May 2014

The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.

Imported Swine Count, June 2014

The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.

Imported Swine Count, July 2014

The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.