E-marketing motivators,inhibitors and critical success factors: A study of small and medium tourism enterprises (SMTES) in Mauritius and Andaman islands, India

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have a dramatic impact on the tourism industry because they force this sector as a whole to rethink the way in which it organises its business . In the light of such rethinking within the tourism industry, this study has focussed on the Small and Medium Tourism Enterprises (SMTEs) in two island destinations, namely Mauritius and Andaman Islands, India.Suggestions. The findings conceming SMTEs in Mauritius and Andaman Islands have been compared to make some destination-specific inferences. The relevance of the findings has been discussed with reference to the SMTEs in the two destinations as well as the possible acceptability in other comparable settings. Suggestions have been made for further research in SMTEs’ use of the Internet for marketing function.

Studies on The Eco Biology of The Indian Pearl Oyster, Pinctada Fucata (Gould)

The present work aims to study induced maturation of the pearl oyster for induced spawning experiments. The work on larval development was done with a view to developing techniques for the artificial rearing of commercially important pearl oyster P fucata, and also to elucidate the principles and problems of tropical bivalve larvae in general for detailed investigations in the future. The present study is designed to probe into the details of the basic aspects of the biology related to the hatchery technology of Pinctada fucata and the understanding of the factors which influence induction of maturation, spawning, larval rearing and spat settlement. This would go a long way in the upgradation of hatchery technology of the Indian Pearl oyster Pinctada fucata fora commercial level seed production..

Social Media- A relevant tool for tourism and hospitality marketing

Tourism is an industry which is heavily dependent on marketing. Mouth to mouth communication has played a major role in shaping a number of destinations.This is particularly true in modern parlance.This is social networking phenomenon which is fast spreading over the internet .Many sites provide visitors a lot of freedom to express their views.Promotion of a destination depends lot on conversation and exchange of information over these social networks.This paper analyses the social networking sites their contribution to marketing tourism and hoapitality .The negetive impacts phenomena are also discussed

Challenges Faced by Kerala Tourism Industry

Tourism being a smokeless industry is now a multi-billion, multi-sectoral and multi-dimensional activity in the world. Twenty first century tourism has reached up to space when a Russian rocket carried the space vehicle of Dennis Tito, an American businessman and the world’s first space tourist, to the space station. Time is not too far to carry tourists to moon and other planets in specially launched vehicles. Tourism is being considered as an agent of social change bridging gaps among nations, regions and people and helping them to open up. It is a promoter of development-material and spiritual both at macro and micro level. The General Assembly of the United Nations, in designating the year 1967 as ‘International Tourism Year’ recognized the importance of international travel as a means of fostering understanding among people, and giving them a knowledge of the rich heritage of the past civilizations, a better appreciation of the values of different cultures, thus contributing to the strengthening of world peace. It adopted the theme “Tourism-Passport to peace”. Our veteran national leader and the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru had said” welcome a tourist and send back a friend” which indicates the need for extending friendly hospitality to the in bound tourists. Modern transportation has removed the obstacles of distance enabling people to appreciate each other engage in the exchange of ideas and commerce. Tourism can help overcome real prejudices and foster bonds. Tourism can be a real force of world peace. Considering the vast and varied potential of tourism in the state and its impact on the economic, social and cultural environment of the state, a detailed study is found to be relevant and imperative

Standard of Living and Community Perception in the Community Based Ecotourism (CBET) Sites of Kerala: An Inter Zone Analysis

This study is an attempt to situate the quality of life and standard of living of local communities in ecotourism destinations inter alia their perception on forest conservation and the satisfaction level of the local community. 650 EDC/VSS members from Kerala demarcated into three zones constitute the data source. Four variables have been considered for evaluating the quality of life of the stakeholders of ecotourism sites, which is then funneled to the income-education spectrum for hypothesizing into the SLI framework. Zone-wise analysis of the community members working in tourism sector shows that the community members have benefited totally from tourism development in the region as they have got both employments as well as secured livelihood options. Most of the quality of life-indicators of the community in the eco-tourist centres show a promising position. The community perception does not show any negative impact on environment as well as on their local culture.

Community Participation in Ecotourism: An Inclusive Development Option for Kerala

The inferences obtained from the study are presented in coherent area-specific levels so as to understand the ecotourism and its sub-sector areas for the researchers and policy makers about the issues, importances and potentialities of the sector. An analysis of the tourism sector in Kerala has shown tremendous growth both in terms of tourist arrivals and in terms of revenue generation from direct and indirect sources. The foreign tourist visitors in Kerala in 2014 was 9,23,336 which shows 7.60 percent increase from the last year and the domestic tourist visitors were 1,16,95,411 which again shows 7.71 percent increase, is a clear evidence of its potential. In 2014 the industry contributed revenue of 24885.44 crores from direct and indirect sources giving rise to an increase of 12.11 percent from the last year. A dichotomy of tourists and ecotourists shows that tourists in the ecotourism destinations come to 42.6 percent of the total, shows the scope, significance and its potential. Correlation of zone-wise tourist arrivals based on the ecotourism destinations highlights the fact that with only 19 of the 64 destinations that come in the central zone are the most preferred centres (around 54 percent) for the domestic as well as foreign tourists. The north zone encompassing 6 districts with rich biodiversity shows that the tourists‟ arrival patterns exhibit less promising results. Though the north zone has 31 ecotourism destinations of the state receives only 6.19 percent of the foreign visitors. The ecotourism activities in the state are primarily managed by the Eco-Development Committees (EDCs) and the Vana Samrakshana Samithies (VSS) under the Forest Development Agency of Kerala. Social class-wise categorization of membership shows that 13142 families have membership in 190 EDCs with SC (28 percent), ST (33 percent) and other marginalised communities (39 percent). But this in the VSS shows that 400 VSS have 59085 members actively engaged in ecotourism activities and social category of the VSS makes clear that majority are from the other marginalized fringe households with 62 percent where as the participation of SC is 12 percent and ST is 26 percent. An evaluation of the socio-economic and demographic matrix of the community members involved in ecotourism activities brings out region specific differences. About 75.70 percent of the respondents are males and the rest are females. Majority of the respondents (about 60 percent) are in the age group of 20 to 40 years, followed by the age group of 40-50 (20 percent). The average age of respondents in the three zones is between 35 and 37 years. The majority of the respondents are married, a few are unmarried. Average family size is 4-5 members and differences are identified among zones. Average number of adults per household is 3 and child per household is 2. Majority have an education of 10th class and below i.e. about 60 percent of the sample have only basic school education like primary, secondary and high school (i.e. up to SSLC but not passed) level. About 18 percent are SSLC passed, 10 percent are undergraduates whereas 6 percent constitute respondents having qualification of graduation and above. Majority of the „graduates and above‟ are from south and central zone. Inter-zone differences in educational profile are also identified with lesser number of „graduates and above‟ are identified in the north zone compared to the other two zones. Investigating into the income and livelihood options of the respondents gives insight about the prominence of ecotourism as an employment and livelihood option for the community members, as more than 90 percent of the respondents have cited tourism sector as their main employment option. Most (49.30 percent) of respondents get 100 percent income from tourism related activities, followed by 37.30 percent of community members have income between 75-99 percent from tourism whereas the rest (13 percent) have less than 74 percent of their income from tourism and there exists difference between zones and percentage of income. Financial habit shows that about 49.7 percent hold active bank accounts, 61 percent have savings behaviour and 73.8 percent have indebtedness. Analysis about the ownership of house brings to light that 37 percent of respondents live in their own house followed by 25.7 percent in government funded/provided house and 21 percent in their parent‟s house and 3.5 percent in rented house. About 12 percent of the respondents have other kinds of accommodation facilities such as staff quarters, etc. But in the case of north zone majority i.e. 52 percent primarily depend on the government funded house indicating the effectiveness of government housing programme. Standard of living measured in SLI frameworks shows that majority of the respondents have medium SLI values (42.3 percent); the remaining 47.7 percent have low SLI and 10 percent have high SLI. The community members have been benefitted immensely from forest and its resources. Since the ecotourism destinations are located amidst the wildlife settings, majority of them depend on forest for their livelihood. The information on the tourist‟s demographic characteristics like age, sex, educational qualification and annual income show that the age category of domestic and foreign tourists falls below the age group of less than 35 years (about 65 percent), whereas only 16 percent of tourists are aged above 46 years. The age group below 25 years consists of more international tourists (31.3 percent) compared to the proportion of domestic tourists (12.5 percent). Male-female ratio shows that the males constitute 56 percent of the sample and females with 44 percent. The factors determining the impact of ecotourism programmes in the community was evaluated with the aid of a factor analysis with 12 selected statements. The worries and concerns of the community members about the impact of ecotourism on the environment are well understood from this analysis. It can be drawn that environment protection and the role of ecotourism in improving the income and livelihood options of the local communities is the most important factor concerning the community members.

Regional flows of domestic tourism in Spain = Flujos regionales del turismo doméstico en España

The paper analyses the regional flows of domestic tourism that took place in Spain in year 2000, contributing to the state of knowledge on tourism required by authorities and private firms when faced with decision making, for example, for regional infrastructure planning. Although tourism is one of the main income-generating economic activities in Spain, domestic tourism has received little attention in the literature compared to inbound tourism. The paper uses among others, gravitational model tools and concentration indices, to analyse regional concentration of both domestic demand and supply; tourism flows among regions, and the causes that may explain the observed flows and attractiveness between regions. Among the most remarkable results are the high regional concentration of demand and supply, and the role of population and regional income as explanatory variables. Also remarkable are the attractiveness of own region and neighbour ones, and that domestic tourism may be acting as a regional income redistributing activity

Statistical Analysis of Eco-Toxicologic Data of Mammals from a Polluted Area

Several eco-toxicological studies have shown that insectivorous mammals, due to their feeding habits, easily accumulate high amounts of pollutants in relation to other mammal species. To assess the bio-accumulation levels of toxic metals and their in°uence on essential metals, we quantified the concentration of 19 elements (Ca, K, Fe, B, P, S, Na, Al, Zn, Ba, Rb, Sr, Cu, Mn, Hg, Cd, Mo, Cr and Pb) in bones of 105 greater white-toothed shrews (Crocidura russula) from a polluted (Ebro Delta) and a control (Medas Islands) area. Since chemical contents of a bio-indicator are mainly compositional data, conventional statistical analyses currently used in eco-toxicology can give misleading results. Therefore, to improve the interpretation of the data obtained, we used statistical techniques for compositional data analysis to define groups of metals and to evaluate the relationships between them, from an inter-population viewpoint. Hypothesis testing on the adequate balance-coordinates allow us to confirm intuition based hypothesis and some previous results. The main statistical goal was to test equal means of balance-coordinates for the two defined populations. After checking normality, one-way ANOVA or Mann-Whitney tests were carried out for the inter-group balances

Innovation typology in tourism

Innovation is a research topic with a broad tradition. However, learning processes, from which innovations emerge, and the dynamics of change and development have traditionally been studied in relation with the manufacturing sector. Moreover, the objects of study have been usually process and tangible product innovations. Although recently researchers have focused their attention in other sectors, more research on service innovation should be carried out. Furthermore, regarding innovation in tourism, there is a need to adapt generic theories to the tourism sector and to contribute with new ideas. In order to find out, which are the origins of innovation processes, it is necessary to look into two fundamental subjects that are inherent to innovation, which are learning and interaction. Both are closely related. The first appears to be an intrinsic condition of individuals. Moreover, it can also be identified in organizations. Thus, learning allows individuals as well as organizations to develop. However, learning and development is not possible without taking the environment into account. Hence, it is necessary that interactions take place between individuals, groups of individuals, organizations, etc. Furthermore, the concept of interaction implies the transfer of knowledge, which is the basis for innovations. The purposes of this master thesis are to study in detail several of these topics and to develop a conceptual framework for the research on innovation in tourism

Analysis of Irish tourism policy’s contribution to urban tourism: Dublin case study

L’objectiu principal del treball és analitzar les polítiques i plans turístics irlandesos nacionals, regionals i locals, i determinar com aquestos influeixen en el turisme urbà a Dublín. L’objectiu secundari és investigar el concepte de turisme urbà i examinar les tendències turístiques actuals i la seva repercussió en la formulació de polítiques

Aproximación a un marco teórico sobre desarrollo sostenible y eco-eficiencia

En los últimos años el termino Desarrollo Sostenible ha tomado gran relevancia en el contexto internacional. El mundo entero es consiente del daño ambiental que las actividades del hombre han causado al planeta tierra. El presente documento pretende hacer una aproximación a un marco teórico en donde se definen y se caracterizan los conceptos de Desarrollo Sostenible y Eco-Eficiencia. A través de la revisión de documentos oficiales de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas se busca exponer la evolución del Desarrollo Sostenible como tema de importancia mundial. Posteriormente se muestra la relación entre éste concepto y la Eco – Eficiencia aplicada a los negocios, y cómo las empresas pueden lograr que sus actividades sean mas amigables con el medio ambiente. Con esta revisión bibliográfica queremos mostrar cómo en esta nueva era de desarrollo y globalización es primordial tener en cuenta que para lograr satisfacer las necesidades de los seres humanos es necesario reconocer los limites de la naturaleza y respetarla para asegurar la sobrevivencia de la raza humana.

Estrategias para potencializar el sector turístico en el departamento del Guainía

El departamento del Guainía, comprende una región con un alto potencial de desarrollo económico y social para el país debido a su biodiversidad y a su riqueza cultural. Sin embargo, ha sido un departamento que no ha presentado un desarrollo creciente de su economía debido a factores como: el aislamiento, la dependencia del estado, la limitada inversión en tecnología e infraestructura vial y la falta de capacitación en el capital humano, los cuales incrementa los costos logísticos y dificulta el desarrollo microempresarial. Es así, como en la actualidad la economía de la región se centra en los sectores primarios y en el sector público, los cuales presentan un mínimo valor agregado y de calidad para la zona. Teniendo en cuenta, la situación actual del departamento dentro del plan de desarrollo económico del Guainía y las apuestas productivas para la Amazorinoquia, se plantearon los lineamientos económicos y los ejes transversales de los sectores con mayor potencial de desarrollo para el Guainía. El turismo, el Bio-comercio y los mercados verdes, son los sectores analizados que podrían mejorar las condiciones socioeconómicas del departamento. De este modo, y teniendo en cuenta las condiciones de la región, el sector turístico, es un sector con un alto potencial de desarrollo que impacta a la economía en general y propende por el desarrollo social y el cuidado del medio ambiente. Por ello, la economía debería enfocar sus esfuerzos en el desarrollo de dicho sector, a través de un clúster del sector turístico que integre las iniciativas de los empresarios locales, las instituciones públicas y los gremios, promoviendo la competitividad, la innovación, la generación de sinergia y la promoción del departamento como centro eco-turístico de la Amazorinoquia colombiana.

ECO Sensaciones. Ecosistema del humedal Tibabúyes: valoración cultural para el patrimonio natural.

Esta propuesta tiene como objetivo central, diseñar un proyecto de gestión que sensibilice a la comunidad de la Ciudadela Colsubsidio frente al humedal Tibabúyes, promoviendo la valoración y sostenibilidad de este ecosistema, el más grande de la ciudad, vital para la preservación del ciclo hídrico. El proyecto contempla el desarrollo de estrategias que estimulen el sistema sensorial de la comunidad para así, generar transformaciones en los procesos de interacción que existen en la actualidad y hacer viable su sostenibilidad. Eco Sensaciones, es una metáfora que corresponde al resultado de una serie de estímulos sobre el sistema sensorial y que para el caso del proyecto, alude a las estrategias que se desarrollarán desde las emociones, pensadas desde el concepto de la Ecosofía, el cual hace referencia a un principio filosófico que plantea la necesidad de transformar los procesos de interacción humana con la naturaleza, para así activar y motivar la apropiación de la comunidad por el ecosistema. Contempla actividades centrales, como el desarrollo de una réplica del humedal “Tibabúyes portátil” y de recorridos por el ecosistema “Tibabúyes silencioso”, actividades que serán evaluadas en todas sus fases.

Ayer mineros, hoy eco-guías y concesionarios: tensiones en torno a la conservación ambiental, el uso de la tierra y el trabajo en Guasca, Cundinamarca

En Guasca, Cundinamarca, se han configurado cambios profundos en el uso de los recursos naturales y el trabajo. En la misma área donde operó una mina de cal a cielo abierto por más de sesenta años, hoy en día existe una reserva biológica. Este proceso ha conllevado transformaciones y negociaciones entre las formas locales de uso de los recursos naturales y los usos propuestos por la conservación ambiental. Por su parte, el trabajo en la vereda se ha visto afectado por el cambio reciente en el usufructo de los recursos ambientales y las precariedades económicas del agro en Colombia. El argumento central de este texto es que la declaratoria de áreas protegidas privadas, como práctica suscrita al discurso ambientalista global, más que un proceso neutro, es una fuente de tensión constante entre pobladores locales y administradores de las zonas de conservación ecológica por cuenta del manejo territorial y ambiental, el entendimiento del uso de los recursos naturales y la naturaleza, la propiedad, el empleo y la descentralización del poder estatal. Así las cosas, este trabajo se preocupa por analizar las tensiones e implicaciones que supone la declaratoria de áreas protegidas para las poblaciones locales, en particular en su economía, trabajo y formas de apropiarse de la naturaleza y sus recursos.

Eco III : rmecursos didácticos para un currículum interdisciplinar e individualizado.

Trata de adaptar el currículum escolar a los rasgos específicos de la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias. Aplicado al primer nivel del ciclo medio de EGB, del Colegio Público Giner de los Ríos.