Efeito da adubação com nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio no desenvolvimento, na produção e na qualidade de frutos do abacaxi 'Vitória'

A cultivar de abacaxi 'Vitória' tem como principais características a resistência à fusariose, ausência de espinhos nas folhas, frutos de forma cilíndrica e de polpa branca. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses de N, P2O5 e K2O no desenvolvimento da folha "D", massa dos frutos, produtividade, produção de mudas e qualidade da polpa do fruto - sólidos solúveis (SS) e acidez titulável (AT). Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cinco níveis de N: 0; 214; 428; 642 e 856 kg ha-1; cinco níveis de P2O5: 0; 75; 150; 225 e 300 kg ha-1, e cinco níveis de K2O: 0; 150; 300; 450 e 600 kg ha-1 dispostos em fatorial fracionado do tipo (1/5) 5³ em blocos. Doses crescentes de N promoveram maior crescimento da folha "D", produção de mudas, desenvolvimento do fruto e produtividade. A produtividade e a massa média do fruto com coroa alcançaram os valores máximos de 65,0 t ha-1 com 647 kg ha-1 de N e 1.247 g com 660 kg ha-1 de N, respectivamente. Os valores de AT e SS cresceram linearmente em função das doses de potássio implementadas, ao passo que a elevação das doses de nitrogênio apresentou efeito oposto. Mesmo com a baixa disponibilidade de P, não houve resposta a este nutriente.

Produção e atributos de qualidade de cultivares de macadâmia no sudoeste do estado de Säo Paulo

A macadâmia apresenta-se como uma importante alternativa para a fruticultura paulista, principalmente pela sua rusticidade e pelo valor alcançado por seus frutos. No entanto, estudos relacionados ao seu desenvolvimento e às suas características produtivas e químicas säo necessários para a adequada escolha da cultivar. Com o objetivo de caracterizar o desenvolvimento e a produção de diferentes cultivares de macadâmia nas condições climáticas, no sudoeste do Estado de Säo Paulo, foram conduzidos experimentos instalados no município de Dois Córregos-SP, nos ciclos produtivos de 2009/2010 e 2010/2011, para avaliação do ciclo fenológico da cultivar HAES-344, o desempenho produtivo, a caracterização física e o perfil de ácidos graxos das cultivares HAES-344, HAES-660, IAC 1-21, HAES-816, IAC 4-20, IAC Campinas-B, Aloha e IAC 4-12 B de macadâmia. O intumescimento de gemas ocorreu de maio a junho, a antese de final de julho a início de agosto e a queda de frutos de fevereiro a março. As cultivares HAES-344, IAC 1-21 e IAC 4-12 B apresentaram a maior produção. A cultivar HAES-816 apresentou os maiores valores para as variáveis diâmetro da casca e da amêndoa e massa da amêndoa. Para a taxa de recuperação de noz (TR), os melhores resultados foram obtidos pelas cultivares HAES-344, HAES-660 e Aloha. As cultivares HAES-660 (68,48%), IAC 4-20 (66,88%) e IAC 1-21 (66,76%) apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de óleo. Todas as cultivares apresentaram em sua composição os ácidos palmitoleico, palmítico, oleico, linoleico e linolênico.

Emergência de plântulas e enraizamento de estacas e alporques de porta-enxertos de nogueira-macadâmia

A nogueira macadâmia apresenta-se como uma importante alternativa para a fruticultura paulista, principalmente pela sua rusticidade e pelo valor alcançado por seus frutos. No entanto, estudos da propagação säo necessários para melhorar o sistema de produção de mudas. Com o objetivo de aumentar a emergência das plântulas, o enraizamento de estacas e a produção de alporques de porta-enxertos da nogueira- macadâmia, conduziram-se diferentes experimentos: emergência de plântulas de oito cultivares de nogueira-macadâmia ('HAES-344', 'HAES-660', 'IAC 1-21', 'HAES-816', 'IAC 4-20', 'IAC Campinas - B', 'Aloha' e 'IAC 4-12-B'); emergência de plântulas do porta-enxerto de nogueira-macadâmia 'Aloha' em diferentes temperaturas no substrato (23; 25; 27; 29 e 31ºC); enraizamento de diferentes tipos de estacas do porta-enxerto de nogueira-macadâmia 'Aloha' (estacas com uma folha inteira, duas folhas inteiras, uma folha reduzida e duas folhas reduzidas), tratadas com ou sem ácido indolbutírico (3.000 mg L-1) por 10 seg.; alporquia em ramos de nogueira-macadâmia 'Aloha', realizada em diferentes épocas (agosto, dezembro e abril) e tratadas com diferentes concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (0; 3.000;6.000 e 9.000 mg L-1 por 10 seg.). Os resultados mostraram que a maior massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular foi obtida com a cultivar Aloha; a maior emergência de plântulas foi obtida com a temperatura de 27 ºC; a maior porcentagem de enraizamento foi obtida em estacas com duas folhas inteiras e tratadas com AIB; os melhores resultados para a alporquia da cultivar Aloha foram obtidos em dezembro, sem o tratamento com AIB.

Gaining momentum: New options and opportunities for the treatment of advanced melanoma.

Before 2011, patients with advanced or metastatic melanoma had a particularly poor long-term prognosis. Since traditional treatments failed to confer a survival benefit, patients were preferentially entered into clinical trials of investigational agents. A greater understanding of the epidemiology and biology of disease has underpinned the development of newer therapies, including six agents that have been approved in the EU, US and/or Japan: a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 inhibitor (ipilimumab), two programmed cell death-1 receptor inhibitors (nivolumab and pembrolizumab), two BRAF inhibitors (vemurafenib and dabrafenib) and a MEK inhibitor (trametinib). The availability of these treatments has greatly improved the outlook for patients with advanced melanoma; however, a major consideration for physicians is now to determine how best to integrate these agents into clinical practice. Therapeutic decisions are complicated by the need to consider patient and disease characteristics, and individual treatment goals, alongside the different efficacy and safety profiles of agents with varying mechanisms of action. Long-term survival, an outcome largely out of reach with traditional systemic therapies, is now a realistic goal, creating the additional need to re-establish how clinical benefit is evaluated. In this review we summarise the current treatment landscape in advanced melanoma and discuss the promise of agents still in development. We also speculate on the future of melanoma treatment and discuss how combination and sequencing approaches may be used to optimise patient care in the future.

The scope of Baker's law.

656 I. 657 II. 658 III. 660 IV. 661 V. 663 VI. 663 VII. 664 VIII. 664 665 References 665 SUMMARY: Baker's law refers to the tendency for species that establish on islands by long-distance dispersal to show an increased capacity for self-fertilization because of the advantage of self-compatibility when colonizing new habitat. Despite its intuitive appeal and broad empirical support, it has received substantial criticism over the years since it was proclaimed in the 1950s, not least because it seemed to be contradicted by the high frequency of dioecy on islands. Recent theoretical work has again questioned the generality and scope of Baker's law. Here, we attempt to discern where the idea is useful to apply and where it is not. We conclude that several of the perceived problems with Baker's law fall away when a narrower perspective is adopted on how it should be circumscribed. We emphasize that Baker's law should be read in terms of an enrichment of a capacity for uniparental reproduction in colonizing situations, rather than of high selfing rates. We suggest that Baker's law might be tested in four different contexts, which set the breadth of its scope: the colonization of oceanic islands, metapopulation dynamics with recurrent colonization, range expansions with recurrent colonization, and colonization through species invasions.

Subjective perceptions as prognostic factors of time to fitness for work during a 4-year period after inpatient rehabilitation for orthopaedic trauma.

INTRODUCTION: Time to fitness for work (TFW) was measured as the number of days that were paid as compensation for work disability during the 4 years after discharge from the rehabilitation clinic in a population of patients hospitalised for rehabilitation after orthopaedic trauma. The aim of this study was to test whether some psychological variables can be used as potential early prognostic factors of TFW. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the associations between predictive variables and TFW. Predictors were global health, pain at hospitalisation and pain decrease during the stay (all continuous and standardised by subtracting the mean and dividing by two standard deviations), perceived severity of the trauma and expectation of a positive evolution (both binary variables). RESULTS: Full data were available for 807 inpatients (660 men, 147 women). TFW was positively associated with better perceived health (hazard ratio [HR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.19), pain decrease (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.30-1.64) and expectation of a positive evolution (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.32-1.70) and negatively associated with pain at hospitalisation (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.59-0.76) and high perceived severity (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.85). DISCUSSION: The present results provide some evidence that work disability during a four-year period after rehabilitation may be predicted by prerehabilitation perceptions of general health, pain, injury severity, as well as positive expectation of evolution.

Nouveautés dans l'ostéogenèse imparfaite: de la recherche à la prise en charge multidisciplinaire [News in osteogenesis imperfecta: from research to clinical management]

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disease. Today we are able to propose an adapted and efficient management to the patients with this rare disorder (and their families) thanks to a strong collaboration of clinicians and researchers. Recent knowledge regarding the genetics of OI permits an accurate diagnosis of the specific type of OI and its own molecular mechanism, a genetic counseling for family planning and prenatal diagnosis, and in addition more targeted therapeutic options. A specific support with re-education for patients with OI is necessary and efficient. To optimize patient care, a multidisciplinary consultation is proposed at the CHUV, moreover a web site is available for patients, families and therapists: www.infomaladiesrares.ch

Sugar-and artificially sweetened beverages and intrahepatic fat : a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that substituting artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) for sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) decreases intrahepatocellular lipid concentrations (IHCL) in overweight subjects with high SSB consumption. METHODS: About 31 healthy subjects with BMI greater than 25 kg/m(2) and a daily consumption of at least 660 ml SSB were randomized to a 12-week intervention in which they replaced SSBs with ASBs. Their IHCL (magnetic resonance spectroscopy), visceral adipose tissue volume (VAT; magnetic resonance imaging), food intake (2-day food records), and fasting blood concentrations of metabolic markers were measured after a 4-week run-in period and after a 12-week period with ASB or control (CTRL). RESULTS: About 27 subjects completed the study. IHCL was reduced to 74% of the initial values with ASB (N = 14; P < 0.05) but did not change with CTRL. The decrease in IHCL attained with ASB was more important in subjects with IHCL greater than 60 mmol/l than in subjects with low IHCL. ALT decreased significantly with SSB only in subjects with IHCL greater than 60 mmol/l. There was otherwise no significant effect of ASB on body weight, VAT, or metabolic markers. CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with overweight or obesity and a high SSB intake, replacing SSB with ASB decreased intrahepatic fat over a 12-week period.

Low-level laser therapy for the prevention of low salivary flow rate after radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer

Abstract Objective: To determine whether low-level laser therapy can prevent salivary hypofunction after radiotherapy and chemotherapy in head and neck cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 23 head and neck cancer patients, of whom 13 received laser therapy and 10 received clinical care only. An InGaAlP laser was used intra-orally (at 660 nm and 40 mW) at a mean dose of 10.0 J/cm2 and extra-orally (at 780 nm and 15 mW) at a mean dose of 3.7 J/cm2, three times per week, on alternate days. Stimulated and unstimulated sialometry tests were performed before the first radiotherapy and chemotherapy sessions (N0) and at 30 days after the end of treatment (N30). Results: At N30, the mean salivary flow rates were significantly higher among the laser therapy patients than among the patients who received clinical care only, in the stimulated and unstimulated sialometry tests (p = 0.0131 and p = 0.0143, respectively). Conclusion: Low-level laser therapy, administered concomitantly with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, appears to mitigate treatment-induced salivary hypofunction in patients with head and neck cancer.

Trigger and data link system for CMS Resistive Plate Chambers at the LHC accelerator

The purpose of the work was to realize a high-speed digital data transfer system for RPC muon chambers in the CMS experiment on CERN’s new LHC accelerator. This large scale system took many years and many stages of prototyping to develop, and required the participation of tens of people. The system interfaces to Frontend Boards (FEB) at the 200,000-channel detector and to the trigger and readout electronics in the control room of the experiment. The distance between these two is about 80 metres and the speed required for the optic links was pushing the limits of available technology when the project was started. Here, as in many other aspects of the design, it was assumed that the features of readily available commercial components would develop in the course of the design work, just as they did. By choosing a high speed it was possible to multiplex the data from some the chambers into the same fibres to reduce the number of links needed. Further reduction was achieved by employing zero suppression and data compression, and a total of only 660 optical links were needed. Another requirement, which conflicted somewhat with choosing the components a late as possible was that the design needed to be radiation tolerant to an ionizing dose of 100 Gy and to a have a moderate tolerance to Single Event Effects (SEEs). This required some radiation test campaigns, and eventually led to ASICs being chosen for some of the critical parts. The system was made to be as reconfigurable as possible. The reconfiguration needs to be done from a distance as the electronics is not accessible except for some short and rare service breaks once the accelerator starts running. Therefore reconfigurable logic is extensively used, and the firmware development for the FPGAs constituted a sizable part of the work. Some special techniques needed to be used there too, to achieve the required radiation tolerance. The system has been demonstrated to work in several laboratory and beam tests, and now we are waiting to see it in action when the LHC will start running in the autumn 2008.

Trust in inter-organizational relationships

Trust in inter-organizational collaborative relationships has attracted substantial research interest among academics and practitioners. Previous studies have concentrated on the benefits of trust to business outcomes and economic performance, as it is considered to be a source of competitive advantage. Despite this increased level of interest, there is no consensus, much less overall agreement, about how it should be conceptualized or about the number of dimensions it incorporates. On the inter-organizational level there is an obvious challenge in defining both the trusting party and the objects of trust. Thus, the notion of trust as an under-theorized and poorly understood phenomenon still holds. Hence, the motivation of this study was fuelled by the need to increase our knowledge and understanding of the role and nature of trust in inter-organizational collaborative relationships. It is posited that there is a call for more understanding about its antecedents and consequences, as well as about the very concept in inter-organizational collaborative relationships. The study is divided into two parts. The first part gives a general overview, and the second part comprises four research publications. Both qualitative and quantitative research methodology is utilized. A multi-method research design was used because it provides different levels of data and different perspectives on the phenomenon. The results of this study reveal that trust incorporates three dimensions on both the individual and the organizational level: capability, goodwill, and self-reference. Trust develops from the reputation and behavior of the trusted party. It appears from this study that trust is clearly directed towards both individual boundary spanners and the counterpart company itself – i.e. not only to one or the other. The trusting party, on the other hand, is always an individual, and not the organization per se. Trust increases collaboration benefits and lowers collaboration drawbacks, thus having a positive effect on relationship performance. The major contribution of this study lies in uncovering the critical points and drawbacks in prior research and thereby in responding to the highlighted challenges. The way in which these challenges were addressed offers contributions to three major issues in the emerging theory of trust in the inter-organizational context: firstly, this study clarifies the trustor-trustee discussion; secondly, it conceptualizes trust as existing on both individual and organizational levels; and thirdly, it provides more information about the antecedents of trust and the ways in which it affects relationship performance.

Gota suspensa para avaliação de aldeído total no ar interno e externo do ambiente

A sensitive and simple system was proposed for the in situ measurement of total aldehyde in outdoor or indoor ambient. The method is based on the use of a reagent drop as an useful interface to preconcentrate the sample prior to determination of total aldehyde as formaldehyde. The drop is formed at the tip of a cylindrical tube that contains two optical fibers placed on opposite sides and in contact with the reagent solution. One optical fiber carries the red light to the drop form a light emitting diode (LED). The transmitted light is measured by a second optical fiber/photodiode system. The analytical signal is read and converted into absorbance. The reagent solution of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazoline hydrazone (MBTH) forms a blue cation during reaction with formaldehyde that can be measured at 660 nm. Some aspects of kinetics reaction formation of dye were reevaluated. The formaldehyde reacts with MBTH and forms the azine in about 12 min. The oxidation of MBTH by Fe (III) and the formation of dye requires 3 min. The absorbance of the reagent drop is proportional to the sampling time and to the analyte concentration. The absorbance signal increases with increased sample gas flow until a maximum is reached then decreases until it forms a plateau. The proposed method was evaluated using both outdoor and indoor samples, and it was shown to viable provide an accurate measure of total aldehyde.

De genuinis divinae revelationis certitudinem ejusdem apodicticam evincentibus

Invocatio: I.N.J.

Obtenção de bactérias para a o biocontrole de Meloidogyne javanica por meio de aquecimento de solo e tratamento com filtrado de raízes de plantas antagonistas a fitonematóides

Cinco amostras de solo com alto teor de matéria orgânica (10,14 dag/kg) de 1 kg cada foram autoclavadas (120 °C/1h), cinco foram aquecidas em forno de microondas a 660 watts e 2450 Hz por 4 min e cinco não foram aquecidas. Raízes de Mucuna aterrima, Crotalaria juncea, Tagetes erecta e Lycopersicon esculentum foram maceradas separadamente em liquidificador à baixa velocidade durante 30 s em 1000 mL de água e peneiradas. As suspensões resultantes foram adicionadas às amostras de solos as quais foram acondicionadas em saco plástico e submetidas aos três tratamentos térmicos e posteriormente mantidas a 28 ºC por 24 h. Setenta e oito isolados bacterianos foram obtidos das amostras de solo por diluição em série e submetidos à seleção para o biocontrole de M. javanica. Sementes de tomate foram microbiolizadas por imersão em suspensão de propágulos de cada uma das culturas e semeadas em substrato dentro de tubetes em casa de vegetação. As mudas resultantes foram inoculadas com 400 ovos do nematóide, cada. O isolado UFV-6 de Escherichia coli reduziu o número de galhas em maior magnitude (80%) ao passo que o isolado UFV-8 de Citrobacter freundii foi o mais eficiente na redução do número de ovos (83%). A identificação dos isolados foi feita por análise de ácidos graxos esteres de metil e testes bioquímicos.