O ensino da teoria da relatividade especial no nível médio : uma abordagem histórica e conceitual

E ste trabalho relata uma experiência de inserção do ensino da teoria da Relatividade Especial com alunos do terceiro ano do ensino médio. A aplicação do projeto em sala de aula foi parte integrante das atividades curriculares normais dos alunos, em duas escolas, uma localizada no município de São Jerônimo-RS, Colégio Cenecista Carlos Maximiliano, e outra localizada no município de Triunfo-RS, Escola Técnica Municipal Farroupilha. Foi elaborado um texto para os alunos, contendo a base histórica e conceitual do tema, além de um manual de auxílio aos professores. O texto dos alunos contempla os principais fatos históricos, desde Aristóteles até as conclusões de Albert Einstein, que levaram à construção da Relatividade Especial em 1905. São tratados os conceitos de simultaneidade, dilatação temporal, contração do comprimento, adição de velocidades e energia relativística. A experiência é avaliada, principalmente através de um questionário respondido pelos alunos, antes e após a aplicação do projeto. Também foi feita uma análise de alguns livros de Física do ensino médio, sobre o tratamento dado à teoria da Relatividade Especial. O trabalho foi embasado na teoria de desenvolvimento humano histórico-cultural de Vygotsky e na teoria de aprendizagem significativa de Ausubel e Novak. Acreditamos ter mostrado que é possível incluir o tratamento regular da teoria da Relatividade Especial em escolas de nível médio, contemplando assim os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais que apontam para uma ênfase à Física contemporânea.

O processo de transcrição da Suíte 20 de Johann Jacob Froberger para violão solo

Este trabalho trata do processo de transcrição da Suíte 20 de J. J Froberger para violão solo. O objetivo geral é descrever o processo de transcrição com base em modelos de transcrição dos séculos XVII e XXI. A partir destas análises foi construído um referencial teórico para aplicação na transcrição da Suíte 20. A identificação dos elementos típicos do chamado stile brisé a partir do referencial foi essencial para o processo de transcrição da suíte 20, que se utilizou de vários procedimentos similares. No anexo deste artigo consta uma edição comparativa da versão original da Suíte 20 com a transcrição, bem como outra edição com a parte do violão solo e sugestões de execução.

Dos atos confessos aos afetos não-ditos: Um olhar sob as múltiplas experiências femininas a partir da análise dos discursos jurídicos, jornalísticos e orais

Women, subjectiveness, experimentations. This paper walks through gender, sexuality, body and subjectivity, bounding as the focus denaturalize the representations of womanlinessstaff and manliness and the modeled subjectivity by normative discusses that shows the transcendency based on multiplicities of experiences, wishes and life way wattled by men and women from the Caicó City s society in the decades from 1900 to 1945. For this, it was adopted a dialogic methodology inlcluding bibliographic and theorist references as well as sources like articles from Jornal das Moças (Lady s Journal); defloration s crime processes, abortion, infanticide and body lesions; iconographic sources and Caicó citizen memories in the period commented. Based on that sources, this work analyze the discursive construction of feminine through Justice and Jornal das Moças that paved by sanitarian, normalizing and moralizing discourses has spread clichés and stereotypes of womanlinessstaff and manliness, which has resulted by to universalize the experiences feminines in polarities and binary oppositions regarding to manliness, it has delineated them as asexual, irrational, anesthesiaed for pleasure and biologically meant to home activities modeling subjectivities that did not create ways for the singularization processes. This polarities, effects of sexual regulatory practices and gender legitimate the representations of courtship, maternity and honor, that although it has been incorporated not passivant on the building of the poor men and women subjectivity, it did not support itself in view of socio-cultural and economic reality of the poorest society side. Therefore, on this work emerge a plurality of women who has transited past the public sphere, who interlaced amorous informal relationships, who has kept relationships before the marriage, who hás established multiples familiar arrangements and helpful networks, who was single mothers without being considered dishonored women by social groups, who made matrimonial agreements without the rules of a formal civil marriage, who made use of beverageey to provoke the menstruation constituting multiples ways to experiment the life. This subjective feminine experimentations turned it possible to notice that representations concerning about the body, sexuality, date, maternity and honor of this women has constituted itself while molecularies and particulares . It was the affection not commented of the feminine sexuality that turned it possible to analyze the construction of singular subjectivities as a opened process, continuous, active, begetting new lands, life ways and wishes cartographies

Avaliação preliminar da viabilidade de produção in vitro de um isolado brasileiro de baculovírus Spodoptera frugiperda MNPV

In vivo production of viral biopesticides is the major source of viral insecticides currently in the marketplace. However, this system presents limitations during production scale-up. For the Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), the insect used for replication has cannibalistic characteristics, thus production is even more difficult. Insect cells are commonly used for in vitro baculovirus production. Most of these cell lines are derived from Lepidoptera species. The Sf21 cell line is derived from Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillar ovarian tissue, and its clonal isolate Sf9 has been used for biopesticide production due to its ease of growth in suspension cultures. In this work, the in vitro production capabilities of a Brazilian SfMNPV isolate obtained from cornfields was evaluated. Comparison of polyhedra production was carried out using both Sf21 and Sf9 cells, based on volumetric and specific yields. Both cell lines were cultivated in Hyclone medium supplemented with different fetal bovine serum concentrations (2,5 and 5%). The best results were obtained using Sf9 cells supplemented with 5% serum. These results were further confirmed quantitively through kinetic parameter estimation for both cells lines and different serum concentrations. After seven successive passages, this system still presented high specific polyhedra production

THE USE OF AMPPD AS AN ALTERNATIVE SUBSTRATE FOR AP-MEDIATED DETECTION OF NONRADIOLABELED DNA PROBES IN EUCALYPTUS-SALIGNA

We present a non-radioactive alternative to Southern's (J. Mol. Biol. 98: 503-517, 1975) DNA-DNA hybridization technique. The use of AMPPD - Disodium 3-(4-Methoxyspiro {1,2-dioxetane-3,2'tricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decan}-4-yl)phyenyl phosphate as an alternative substrate for AP-mediated detection of digoxigenin-11 dUTP-labeled probes made possible the simple and nonhazardous reuse of blots. We used 0.8 % agarose gels containing 30 mug per lane of Eucalyptus saligna DNA, digested with Eco RI, electrophoresed and blotted on to nylon membranes (Hybond-N, Amersham, UK), using the Southern blotting procedure, and UV irradiated for one minute for DNA fixation. The hybridizations were carried out overnight with digoxigenin labeled random inserts of E. saligna DNA by using the Genius Kit (Boehringer Mannheim). Detection of the DNA-DNA hybrids was performed in the presence of 0.5% blocking agent and the substrates NBT/BCIP were replaced by 0.26 mM AMPPD in the final alkaline assay buffer (50 mul/cm2). After membrane incubation for five minutes at room temperature in a sealed plastic bag, the AMPPD solution was retrieved and stored at 4-degrees-C for reuse. A Kodak X-BRAF QA-S film was pressed firmly onto the bag containing the wet membrane, exposed for two to six hours and then developed. After use, the probes were stripped off and the blots reutilized, three times so far, with the same results.

Positive selection results in frequent reversible amino acid replacements in the G protein gene of human respiratory syncytial virus

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years of age and the elderly, causing annual disease outbreaks during the fall and winter. Multiple lineages of the HRSVA and HRSVB serotypes co-circulate within a single outbreak and display a strongly temporal pattern of genetic variation, with a replacement of dominant genotypes occurring during consecutive years. In the present study we utilized phylogenetic methods to detect and map sites subject to adaptive evolution in the G protein of HRSVA and HRSVB. A total of 29 and 23 amino acid sites were found to be putatively positively selected in HRSVA and HRSVB, respectively. Several of these sites defined genotypes and lineages within genotypes in both groups, and correlated well with epitopes previously described in group A. Remarkably, 18 of these positively selected tended to revert in time to a previous codon state, producing a flipflop phylogenetic pattern. Such frequent evolutionary reversals in HRSV are indicative of a combination of frequent positive selection, reflecting the changing immune status of the human population, and a limited repertoire of functionally viable amino acids at specific amino acid sites.

¿Hacia dónde va el gasto público en educación?: logros y desafíos, volumen I: la búsqueda de la eficiencia

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El costo efectividad de las políticas de educación primaria en América Latina: estudio basado en la opinión de expertos

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¿Hacia dónde va el gasto público en educación?: logros y desafíos, volumen III: una mirada comparativa

Incluye Bibliografía