807 resultados para Warren, Pat


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Résumé Le cancer du sein est le cancer le plus commun chez les femmes et est responsable de presque 30% de tous les nouveaux cas de cancer en Europe. On estime le nombre de décès liés au cancer du sein en Europe est à plus de 130.000 par an. Ces chiffres expliquent l'impact social considérable de cette maladie. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient: (1) d'identifier les prédispositions et les mécanismes biologiques responsables de l'établissement des sous-types spécifiques de cancer du sein; (2) les valider dans un modèle ín vivo "humain-dans-souris"; et (3) de développer des traitements spécifiques à chaque sous-type de cancer du sein identifiés. Le premier objectif a été atteint par l'intermédiaire de l'analyse des données d'expression de gènes des tumeurs, produite dans notre laboratoire. Les données obtenues par puces à ADN ont été produites à partir de 49 biopsies des tumeurs du sein provenant des patientes participant dans l'essai clinique EORTC 10994/BIG00-01. Les données étaient très riches en information et m'ont permis de valider des données précédentes des autres études d'expression des gènes dans des tumeurs du sein. De plus, cette analyse m'a permis d'identifier un nouveau sous-type biologique de cancer du sein. Dans la première partie de la thèse, je décris I identification des tumeurs apocrines du sein par l'analyse des puces à ADN et les implications potentielles de cette découverte pour les applications cliniques. Le deuxième objectif a été atteint par l'établissement d'un modèle de cancer du sein humain, basé sur des cellules épithéliales mammaires humaines primaires (HMECs) dérivées de réductions mammaires. J'ai choisi d'adapter un système de culture des cellules en suspension basé sur des mammosphères précédemment décrit et pat décidé d'exprimer des gènes en utilisant des lentivirus. Dans la deuxième partie de ma thèse je décris l'établissement d'un système de culture cellulaire qui permet la transformation quantitative des HMECs. Par la suite, j'ai établi un modèle de xénogreffe dans les souris immunodéficientes NOD/SCID, qui permet de modéliser la maladie humaine chez la souris. Dans la troisième partie de ma thèse je décris et je discute les résultats que j'ai obtenus en établissant un modèle estrogène-dépendant de cancer du sein par transformation quantitative des HMECs avec des gènes définis, identifiés par analyse de données d'expression des gènes dans le cancer du sein. Les cellules transformées dans notre modèle étaient estrogène-dépendantes pour la croissance, diploïdes et génétiquement normales même après la culture cellulaire in vitro prolongée. Les cellules formaient des tumeurs dans notre modèle de xénogreffe et constituaient des métastases péritonéales disséminées et du foie. Afin d'atteindre le troisième objectif de ma thèse, j'ai défini et examiné des stratégies de traitement qui permettent réduire les tumeurs et les métastases. J'ai produit un modèle de cancer du sein génétiquement défini et positif pour le récepteur de l'estrogène qui permet de modéliser le cancer du sein estrogène-dépendant humain chez la souris. Ce modèle permet l'étude des mécanismes impliqués dans la formation des tumeurs et des métastases. Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and accounts for nearly 30% of all new cancer cases in Europe. The number of deaths from breast cancer in Europe is estimated to be over 130,000 each year, implying the social impact of the disease. The goals of this thesis were first, to identify biological features and mechanisms --responsible for the establishment of specific breast cancer subtypes, second to validate them in a human-in-mouse in vivo model and third to develop specific treatments for identified breast cancer subtypes. The first objective was achieved via the analysis of tumour gene expression data produced in our lab. The microarray data were generated from 49 breast tumour biopsies that were collected from patients enrolled in the clinical trial EORTC 10994/BIG00-01. The data set was very rich in information and allowed me to validate data of previous breast cancer gene expression studies and to identify biological features of a novel breast cancer subtype. In the first part of the thesis I focus on the identification of molecular apacrine breast tumours by microarray analysis and the potential imptìcation of this finding for the clinics. The second objective was attained by the production of a human breast cancer model system based on primary human mammary epithelial cells {HMECs) derived from reduction mammoplasties. I have chosen to adopt a previously described suspension culture system based on mammospheres and expressed selected target genes using lentiviral expression constructs. In the second part of my thesis I mainly focus on the establishment of a cell culture system allowing for quantitative transformation of HMECs. I then established a xenograft model in immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice, allowing to model human disease in a mouse. In the third part of my thesis I describe and discuss the results that I obtained while establishing an oestrogen-dependent model of breast cancer by quantitative transformation of HMECs with defined genes identified after breast cancer gene expression data analysis. The transformed cells in our model are oestrogen-dependent for growth; remain diploid and genetically normal even after prolonged cell culture in vitro. The cells farm tumours and form disseminated peritoneal and liver metastases in our xenograft model. Along the lines of the third objective of my thesis I defined and tested treatment schemes allowing reducing tumours and metastases. I have generated a genetically defined model of oestrogen receptor alpha positive human breast cancer that allows to model human oestrogen-dependent breast cancer in a mouse and enables the study of mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis.

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Comprend : Ne tomi rodimyi / [M. I. Glinka], comp. ; Solov'ëm zalëtnym / Vokalnyj kvintet, ens. voc.

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OBJECTIVE: Surface magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for aortic plaque assessment is limited by the trade-off between penetration depth and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). For imaging the deep seated aorta, a combined surface and transesophageal MRI (TEMRI) technique was developed 1) to determine the individual contribution of TEMRI and surface coils to the combined signal, 2) to measure the signal improvement of a combined surface and TEMRI over surface MRI, and 3) to assess for reproducibility of plaque dimension analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 24 patients six black blood proton-density/T2-weighted fast-spin echo images were obtained using three surface and one TEMRI coil for SNR measurements. Reproducibility of plaque dimensions (combined surface and TEMRI) was measured in 10 patients. TEMRI contributed 68% of the signal in the aortic arch and descending aorta, whereas the overall signal gain using the combined technique was up to 225%. Plaque volume measurements had an intraclass correlation coefficient of as high as 0.97. CONCLUSION: Plaque volume measurements for the quantification of aortic plaque size are highly reproducible for combined surface and TEMRI. The TEMRI coil contributes considerably to the aortic MR signal. The combined surface and TEMRI approach improves aortic signal significantly as compared to surface coils alone. CONDENSED ABSTRACT: Conventional MRI aortic plaque visualization is limited by the penetration depth of MRI surface coils and may lead to suboptimal image quality with insufficient reproducibility. By combining a transesophageal MRI (TEMRI) with surface MRI coils we enhanced local and overall image SNR for improved image quality and reproducibility.

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New names proposed: Beaveriella nom. nov. for Beaveria Lane, 1970, pre-occupied by Beaveria Lee, 1965 (Trematoda, Troglotrematidae); Monnechroma nom. nov. for Xenochroma Schmidt, 1924, pre-occupied by Xenochroma Warren, 1902 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Consequently, the following new combinations are made: Beaveriella nacta (Lane, 1970) comb. nov., B. sagda (Monné & Martins, 1972) comb. nov., Monnechroma azurea (Demets, 1976) comb. nov., M. seabrai (Fragoso & Monné, 1989) comb. nov., M. subpulvereum (Schimidt, 1924) comb. nov., M. tibialis (Giesbert, 1987) comb. nov., and M. uniforme (Gounelle, 1911) comb. nov..

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Estudio filogenético de los géneros de Lithinini de Sudamérica Austral (Lepidoptera, Geometridae): una nueva clasificación. Se evalúa la taxonomía de la tribu Lithinini de Sudamérica Austral sobre la base de un análisis filogenético. Para el análisis se utilizó a Catophoenissa como grupo externo. Se usaron dos aproximaciones filogenéticas para evaluar las relaciones de parentesco: 1) criterio de parsimonia; e 2) inferencia bayesiana. El análisis de parsimonia se realizó a través del programa PAUP y el análisis bayesiano con cadenas de Markov y Monte Carlo a través del programa BayesPhylogenies. Los resultados generados a partir de la hipótesis filogenética permiten proponer una nueva taxonomía para los Lithinini de Sudamérica Austral. Los géneros validos son: Asestra Warren, Acauro Rindge, Calta Rindge, Euclidiodes Warren, Franciscoia Orfila y Schajovskoy, Incalvertia Bartlett-Calvert, Lacaria Orfila y Schajovskoy, Laneco Rindge, Maeandrogonaria Butler, Martindoelloia Orfila y Schajovskoy, Nucara Rindge, Odontothera Butler, Proteopharmacis Warren, Psilaspilates Butler, Rhinoligia Warren, Tanagridia Butler. Los principales cambios respecto de ordenamientos taxonómicos previos son: 1) Yalpa Rindge, es tratado como sinónimo junior de Odontothera. 2) El género Rhinoligia Warren es incorporado a los Lithinini; 3) Se reafirma que Siopla Rindge es sinónimo junior de Asestra, Yapoma Rindge y Duraglia Rindge son sinónimos de Euclidiodes Warren, mientras que Callemo Rindge y Guara Rindge son sinónimos de Tanagridia; 4) Los géneros Calta Rindge, Incalvertia Rindge, Odontothera Butler y Proteopharmacis Warren, sinonimizados por Pitkin, son redefinidos, revalidados e incorporados a la tribu Lithinini. Se describe una nueva especie para el género Franciscoia, F. ediliae Parra. Se incluye un catálogo con los géneros y especies de la tribu de la región, más las figuras de los adultos y genitalias de las principales especies.

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Las características del evento "El Niño" de 1972 fueron examinadas usando descripciones mensuales de temperaturas superficiales del mar, en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical y en la región costera del Perú; así como promedios mensuales de temperaturas de estaciones costeras del Perú y datos de temperatura y salinidad superficiales de cruceros oceanográficos. Las observaciones fueron comparadas con las de los eventos anteriores, especialmente el de 1965 y se establecieron algunas características generales del fenómeno. Se encontró una correlación negativa entre los datos de anomalías de presión atmosférica del aeropuerto de Lima y las anomalías de temperaturas superficiales frente a la costa central y norte del Perú. En marzo de 1971 se hicieron evidentes los primeros indicios del evento de 1972 y el calentamiento de la costa meridional del Perú puede haber comenzado en agosto de 1971

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First host plant records for Iridopsis hausmanni Vargas (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) in the coastal valleys of northern Chile. The trees Haplorhus peruviana Engl. and Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae) are mentioned as the first host plant records for the little known native moth Iridopsis hausmanni Vargas, 2007 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) in the coastal valleys of the northern Chilean Atacama Desert. This is also the first record of Anacardiaceae as host plant for a Neotropical species of Iridopsis Warren, 1894.

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Tot i que la normativa permet edificar dues plantes pis, la tipologia escollida desenvolupa la casa en dues plantes potenciant així la relació de la zona d’estar i cuina amb el patí en planta superior on també apareix in petit patí que permet articular-les sense necessitat d’obrir-se directament a façana.L’aparcament es col•loca de tal manera que permet la seva possible incorporació al programa funcional de l’habitatge.

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Pulse-wave velocity (PWV) is considered as the gold-standard method to assess arterial stiffness, an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Current available devices that measure PWV need to be operated by skilled medical staff, thus, reducing the potential use of PWV in the ambulatory setting. In this paper, we present a new technique allowing continuous, unsupervised measurements of pulse transit times (PTT) in central arteries by means of a chest sensor. This technique relies on measuring the propagation time of pressure pulses from their genesis in the left ventricle to their later arrival at the cutaneous vasculature on the sternum. Combined thoracic impedance cardiography and phonocardiography are used to detect the opening of the aortic valve, from which a pre-ejection period (PEP) value is estimated. Multichannel reflective photoplethysmography at the sternum is used to detect the distal pulse-arrival time (PAT). A PTT value is then calculated as PTT = PAT - PEP. After optimizing the parameters of the chest PTT calculation algorithm on a nine-subject cohort, a prospective validation study involving 31 normo- and hypertensive subjects was performed. 1/chest PTT correlated very well with the COMPLIOR carotid to femoral PWV (r = 0.88, p < 10 (-9)). Finally, an empirical method to map chest PTT values onto chest PWV values is explored.

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Huntington's disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disease that causes motor, cognitive and psychiatric impairment, including an early decline in ability to recognize emotional states in others. The pathophysiology underlying the earliest manifestations of the disease is not fully understood; the objective of our study was to clarify this. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate changes in brain mechanisms of emotion recognition in pre-manifest carriers of the abnormal Huntington's disease gene (subjects with pre-manifest Huntington's disease): 16 subjects with pre-manifest Huntington's disease and 14 control subjects underwent 1.5 tesla magnetic resonance scanning while viewing pictures of facial expressions from the Ekman and Friesen series. Disgust, anger and happiness were chosen as emotions of interest. Disgust is the emotion in which recognition deficits have most commonly been detected in Huntington's disease; anger is the emotion in which impaired recognition was detected in the largest behavioural study of emotion recognition in pre-manifest Huntington's disease to date; and happiness is a positive emotion to contrast with disgust and anger. Ekman facial expressions were also used to quantify emotion recognition accuracy outside the scanner and structural magnetic resonance imaging with voxel-based morphometry was used to assess the relationship between emotion recognition accuracy and regional grey matter volume. Emotion processing in pre-manifest Huntington's disease was associated with reduced neural activity for all three emotions in partially separable functional networks. Furthermore, the Huntington's disease-associated modulation of disgust and happiness processing was negatively correlated with genetic markers of pre-manifest disease progression in distributed, largely extrastriatal networks. The modulated disgust network included insulae, cingulate cortices, pre- and postcentral gyri, precunei, cunei, bilateral putamena, right pallidum, right thalamus, cerebellum, middle frontal, middle occipital, right superior and left inferior temporal gyri, and left superior parietal lobule. The modulated happiness network included postcentral gyri, left caudate, right cingulate cortex, right superior and inferior parietal lobules, and right superior frontal, middle temporal, middle occipital and precentral gyri. These effects were not driven merely by striatal dysfunction. We did not find equivalent associations between brain structure and emotion recognition, and the pre-manifest Huntington's disease cohort did not have a behavioural deficit in out-of-scanner emotion recognition relative to controls. In addition, we found increased neural activity in the pre-manifest subjects in response to all three emotions in frontal regions, predominantly in the middle frontal gyri. Overall, these findings suggest that pathophysiological effects of Huntington's disease may precede the development of overt clinical symptoms and detectable cerebral atrophy.

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Learning is the ability of an organism to adapt to the changes of its environment in response to its past experience. It is a widespread ability in the animal kingdom, but its evolutionary aspects are poorly known. Learning ability is supposedly advantageous under some conditions, when environmental conditions are not too stable - because in this case there is no need to learn to predict any event in the environment - and not changing too fast - otherwise environmental cues cannot be used because they are not reliable. Nevertheless, learning ability is also known to be costly in terms of energy needed for neuronal synthesis, memory formation, initial mistakes. During my PhD, I focused on the study of genetic variability of learning ability in natural populations. Genetic variability is the basis on which natural selection and genetic drift can act. How does learning ability vary in nature? What are the roles of additive genetic variation or maternal effects in this variation? Is it involved in evolutionary trade-offs with other fitness-related traits?¦I investigated a natural population of fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as a model organism. Its learning ability is easy to measure with associative memory tests. I used two research tools: multiple inbred and isofemale lines derived from a natural population as a representative sample. My work was divided into three parts.¦First, I investigated the effects of inbreeding on aversive learning (avoidance of an odor previously associated with mechanical shock). While the inbred lines consistently showed reduced egg-to-adult viability by 28 %, the effects of inbreeding on learning performance was 18 % and varied among assays, with a trend to be most pronounced for intermediate conditioning intensity. Variation among inbred lines indicates that ample genetic variance for learning was segregating in the base population, and suggests that the inbreeding depression observed in learning performance was mostly due to dominance rather than overdominance. Across the inbred lines, learning performance was positively correlated with the egg-to-adult viability. This positive genetic correlation contradicts previous studies which observed a trade-off between learning ability and lifespan or larval competitive ability. It suggests that much of the genetic variation for learning is due to pleiotropic effects of genes affecting other functions related to survival. Together with the overall mild effects of inbreeding on learning performance, this suggests that genetic variation specifically affecting learning is either very low, or is due to alleles with mostly additive (semi-dominant) effects. It also suggests that alleles reducing learning performance are on average partially recessive, because their effect does not appear in the outbred base population. Moreover, overdominance seems unlikely as major cause of the inbreeding depression, because even if the overall mean of the inbred line is smaller than the outbred base population, some of the inbred lines show the same learning score as the outbred base population. If overdominance played an important part in inbreeding depression, then all the homozygous lines should show lower learning ability than¦outbred base population.¦In the second part of my project, I sampled the same natural population again and derived isofemale lines (F=0.25) which are less adapted to laboratory conditions and therefore are more representative of the variance of the natural population. They also showed some genetic variability for learning, and for three other fitness-related traits possibly related with learning: resistance to bacterial infection, egg-to-adult viability and developmental time. Nevertheless, the genetic variance of learning ability did not appear to be smaller than the variance of the other traits. The positive correlation previously observed between learning ability and egg- to-adult viability did not appear in isofemale lines (nor a negative correlation). It suggests that there was still genetic variability within isofemale lines and that they did not fix the highly deleterious pleiotropic alleles possibly responsible for the previous correlation.¦In order to investigate the relative amount of nuclear (additive and non-additive effects) and extra-nuclear (maternal and paternal effect) components of variance in learning ability and other fitness-related traits among the inbred lines tested in part one, I performed a diallel cross between them. The nuclear additive genetic variance was higher than other components for learning ability and survival to learning ability, but in contrast, maternal effects were more variable than other effects for developmental traits. This suggests that maternal effects, which reflects effects from mitochondrial DNA, epigenetic effects, or the amount of nutrients that are invested by the mother in the egg, are more important in the early stage of life, and less at the adult stage. There was no additive genetic correlation between learning ability and other traits, indicating that the correlation between learning ability and egg-to-adult viability observed in the first pat of my project was mostly due to recessive genes.¦Finally, my results showed that learning ability is genetically variable. The diallel experiment showed additive genetic variance was the most important component of the total variance. Moreover, every inbred or isofemale line showed some learning ability. This suggested that alleles impairing learning ability are eliminated by selection, and therefore that learning ability is under strong selection in natural populations of Drosophila. My results cannot alone explain the maintenance of the observed genetic variation. Even if I cannot eliminate the hypothesis of pleiotropy between learning ability and the other fitness-related traits I measured, there is no evidence for any trade-off between these traits and learning ability. This contradicts what has been observed between learning ability and other traits like lifespan and larval competitivity.¦L'apprentissage représente la capacité d'un organisme à s'adapter aux changement de son environnement au cours de sa vie, en réponse à son expérience passée. C'est une capacité très répandue dans le règne animal, y compris pour les animaux les plus petits et les plus simples, mais les aspects évolutifs de l'apprentissage sont encore mal connus. L'apprentissage est supposé avantageux dans certaines conditions, quand l'environnement n'est ni trop stable - dans ce cas, il n'y a rien à apprendre - ni trop variable - dans ce cas, les indices sur lesquels se reposer changent trop vite pour apprendre. D'un autre côté, l'apprentissage a aussi des coûts, en terme de synthèse neuronale, pour la formation de la mémoire, ou de coûts d'erreur initiale d'apprentissage. Pendant ma thèse, j'ai étudié la variabilité génétique naturelle des capacités d'apprentissage. Comment varient les capacités d'apprentissage dans la nature ? Quelle est la part de variation additive, l'impact des effets maternel ? Est-ce que l'apprentissage est impliqué dans des interactions, de type compromis évolutifs, avec d'autres traits liés à la fitness ?¦Afin de répondre à ces questions, je me suis intéressée à la mouche du vinaigre, ou drosophile, un organisme modèle. Ses capacités d'apprentissage sont facile à étudier avec un test de mémoire reposant sur l'association entre un choc mécanique et une odeur. Pour étudier ses capacités naturelles, j'ai dérivé de types de lignées d'une population naturelle: des lignées consanguines et des lignées isofemelles.¦Dans une première partie, je me suis intéressée aux effets de la consanguinité sur les capacités d'apprentissage, qui sont peu connues. Alors que les lignées consanguines ont montré une réduction de 28% de leur viabilité (proportion d'adultes émergeants d'un nombre d'oeufs donnés), leurs capacités d'apprentissage n'ont été réduites que de 18%, la plus forte diminution étant obtenue pour un conditionnement modéré. En outre, j'ai également observé que les capacités d'apprentissage était positivement corrélée à la viabilité entre les lignées. Cette corrélation est surprenante car elle est en contradiction avec les résultats obtenus par d'autres études, qui montrent l'existence de compromis évolutifs entre les capacités d'apprentissage et d'autres traits comme le vieillissement ou la compétitivité larvaire. Elle suggère que la variation génétique des capacités d'apprentissage est due aux effets pleiotropes de gènes récessifs affectant d'autres fonctions liées à la survie. Ces résultats indiquent que la variation pour les capacités d'apprentissage est réduite comparée à celle d'autres traits ou est due à des allèles principalement récessifs. L'hypothèse de superdominance semble peu vraisemblable, car certaines des lignées consanguines ont obtenu des scores d'apprentissage égaux à ceux de la population non consanguine, alors qu'en cas de superdominance, elles auraient toutes dû obtenir des scores inférieurs.¦Dans la deuxième partie de mon projet, j'ai mesuré les capacités d'apprentissage de lignées isofemelles issues de la même population initiale que les lignées consanguines. Ces lignées sont issues chacune d'un seul couple, ce qui leur donne un taux d'hétérozygosité supérieur et évite l'élimination de lignées par fixation d'allèles délétères rares. Elles sont ainsi plus représentatives de la variabilité naturelle. Leur variabilité génétique est significative pour les capacités d'apprentissage, et trois traits liés à la fois à la fitness et à l'apprentissage: la viabilité, la résistance à l'infection bactérienne et la vitesse de développement. Cependant, la variabilité des capacités d'apprentissage n'apparaît cette fois pas inférieure à celle des autres traits et aucune corrélation n'est constatée entre les capacité d'apprentissage et les autres traits. Ceci suggère que la corrélation observée auparavant était surtout due à la fixation d'allèles récessifs délétères également responsables de la dépression de consanguinité.¦Durant la troisième partie de mon projet, je me suis penchée sur la décomposition de la variance observée entre les lignées consanguines observée en partie 1. Quatre composants ont été examinés: la variance due à des effets nucléaires (additifs et non additifs), et due à des effets parentaux (maternels et paternels). J'ai réalisé un croisement diallèle de toutes les lignées. La variance additive nucléaire s'est révélée supérieure aux autres composants pour les capacités d'apprentissage et la résistance à l'infection bactérienne. Par contre, les effets maternels étaient plus importants que les autres composants pour les traits développementaux (viabilité et vitesse de développement). Ceci suggère que les effets maternels, dus à G ADN mitochondrial, à l'épistasie ou à la quantité de nutriments investis dans l'oeuf par la mère, sont plus importants dans les premiers stades de développement et que leur effet s'estompe à l'âge adulte. Il n'y a en revanche pas de corrélation statistiquement significative entre les effets additifs des capacités d'apprentissage et des autres traits, ce qui indique encore une fois que la corrélation observée entre les capacités d'apprentissage et la viabilité dans la première partie du projet était due à des effets d'allèles partiellement récessifs.¦Au, final, mes résultats montrent bien l'existence d'une variabilité génétique pour les capacités d'apprentissage, et l'expérience du diallèle montre que la variance additive de cette capacité est importante, ce qui permet une réponse à la sélection naturelle. Toutes les lignées, consanguines ou isofemelles, ont obtenu des scores d'apprentissage supérieurs à zéro. Ceci suggère que les allèles supprimant les capacités d'apprentissage sont fortement contre-sélectionnés dans la nature Néanmoins, mes résultats ne peuvent pas expliquer le maintien de cette variabilité génétique par eux-même. Même si l'hypothèse de pléiotropie entre les capacités d'apprentissage et l'un des traits liés à la fitness que j'ai mesuré ne peut être éliminée, il n'y a aucune preuve d'un compromis évolutif pouvant contribuer au maintien de la variabilité.

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Pieces of Iowa’s Past, published by the Iowa State Capitol Tour Guides weekly during the legislative session, features historical facts about Iowa, the Capitol, and the early workings of state government. All historical publications are reproduced here with the actual spelling, punctuation, and grammar retained. March 21, 2012 THIS WEEK: Quick Work at Carlisle(From the Indianola Tribune, December 20, 1877) BACKGROUND: Lewis Todhunter was born in Fayette County, Ohio, April 6, 1817. He was admitted to the bar in Highland County, Ohio, in 1848. Todhunter came to Iowa in 1850, settling along the Des Moines River in Polk County, where he was engaged in farming and selling goods. In 1854, he moved to Indianola and began the practice of law, continuing in that profession for more than a quarter of a century. He served as prosecuting attorney, county auditor, treasurer, and mayor of the city. He was a member of the third constitutional convention, which met at Iowa City in 1857, representing Warren, Madison, Adair, and Cass counties in that body and had the honor of assisting in making the first laws of the state. Todhunter served in the army during the Civil War from 1863-1865 as assistant quartermaster with rank of Captain. He is perhaps widest known, however, as a temperance leader and earnest worker. He joined in the Washingtonian movement in 1840 and was active in temperance reformation for the rest of his life.

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Se describe y comenta un raro e interesante hongo hipogeo, Gautieria trabutii (Chat.) Pat. (Gasteromycetes), recolectado por primera vez en la Península Ibérica.