Reliure de : M. Accii Plauti Comoediae XX diligente cura... Joachimi Camerarii... editae. Adjectis etiam ejusdem ad singulas comoedias argumentis et annotationibus...

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Reliure de : Epistolarum ad Atticum, ad Brutum, ad Quintum fratrem, libri XX...

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Reliure de : Montisferrati marchionum et principum regie propaginis successionumque series nuper elucidata

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Changes in the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics after withdrawal of cefepime from the market: an interrupted time series analysis

Background and objective: Cefepime was one of the most used broad-spectrum antibiotics in Swiss public acute care hospitals. The drug was withdrawn from market in January 2007, and then replaced by a generic since October 2007. The goal of the study was to evaluate changes in the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics after the withdrawal of the cefepime original product. Design: A generalized regression-based interrupted time series model incorporating autocorrelated errors assessed how much the withdrawal changed the monthly use of other broad-spectrum antibiotics (ceftazidime, imipenem/cilastin, meropenem, piperacillin/ tazobactam) in defined daily doses (DDD)/100 bed-days from January 2004 to December 2008 [1, 2]. Setting: 10 Swiss public acute care hospitals (7 with\200 beds, 3 with 200-500 beds). Nine hospitals (group A) had a shortage of cefepime and 1 hospital had no shortage thanks to importation of cefepime from abroad. Main outcome measures: Underlying trend of use before the withdrawal, and changes in the level and in the trend of use after the withdrawal. Results: Before the withdrawal, the average estimated underlying trend (coefficient b1) for cefepime was decreasing by -0.047 (95% CI -0.086, -0.009) DDD/100 bed-days per month and was significant in three hospitals (group A, P\0.01). Cefepime withdrawal was associated with a significant increase in level of use (b2) of piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem/cilastin in, respectively, one and five hospitals from group A. After the withdrawal, the average estimated trend (b3) was greatest for piperacillin/tazobactam (+0.043 DDD/100 bed-days per month; 95% CI -0.001, 0.089) and was significant in four hospitals from group A (P\0.05). The hospital without drug shortage showed no significant change in the trend and the level of use. The hypothesis of seasonality was rejected in all hospitals. Conclusions: The decreased use of cefepime already observed before its withdrawal from the market could be explained by pre-existing difficulty in drug supply. The withdrawal of cefepime resulted in change in level for piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem/cilastin. Moreover, an increase in trend was found for piperacillin/tazobactam thereafter. As these changes generally occur at the price of lower bacterial susceptibility, a manufacturers' commitment to avoid shortages in the supply of their products would be important. As perspectives, we will measure the impact of the changes in cost and sensitivity rates of these antibiotics.

The use of the vac in complex wounds - does it work and how?

Background: Complex wounds pose a major challenge in reconstructive and trauma surgery. Several approaches to increase the healing process have been proposed in the last decades. In this study we study the mechanism of action of the Vacuum Assisted Closure device in diabetic wounds. Methods: Full-thickness wounds were excised in diabetic mice and treated with the VAC device or its isolated components: an occlusive dressing (OD) alone, subathmospheric pressure at 125 mm Hg (Suction), and a polyurethane foam without (Foam) and with (Foamc) downward compression of approximately 125 mm Hg. The last goups were treated with either the complete VAC device (VAC) or with a silicne interface that alows fluid removel (Mepithel-VAC). The effects of the treatment modes on the wound surface were quantified by a two-dimensional immunohistochemical staging system based on vasculature, as defined by blood vessel density (CD31) and cell proliferation (defined by ki67 positivity), 7 days post wounding. Finite element modelling was used to predict wound surface deformation under dressing modes and cross sections of in situ fixed tissues were used to measure actual microstrain. Results: The foam-wound interface of the Vacuum Assisted Closure device causes significant wound stains (60%) causing a deformation of the single cell level leading to a profound upregulation of cell proliferation (4-fold) and angiogenisis (2.2-fold) compared to OD treated wounds. Polyurethane foam exposure itself causes a frather unspecific angiogenic response (Foamc, 2 - fold, Foam, 2.2 - fold) without changes of the cell proliferation rate of the wound bed. Suction alone without a specific interface does not have an effect on meassured parameters, showing similar results to untreated wounds. A perforated silicone interface caused a significant lower microdeforamtion of the wound bed correlating to changes of the wound tissues. Conclusion: The Vacuum Assisted Closure device induce significanttissue growth in diabetic wounds. The wound foam interface under suction causes profound macrodeformation that stimulates tissue growth by angiogenesis and cell proliferation. It needs to be taken in consideration that in the clinical setting different wound types may profit from different elements of this suction device.

Reliure de : Valerius Maximus nuper editus. Index copiosissimus rerum omnium, & personarum, de quibus in his libris agitur

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[Illustrations de Decem Tragediae] / [Non identifié] ; Sénèque, aut. du texte

Comprend : [Frontispice : scènes bibliques, saints et martyres. Christ, saint Jean-Baptiste, saint Sébastien, Adam et Eve, saint Christophe etc.] [Cote : Res m Yc 1008/Microfilm R 122295] ; [pl. en reg. p.13 : illustration de la tragédie I de Seneque "La colère d'Hercule" (Hercules furens).] [Cote : Res m Yc 1008/Microfilm R 122295] ; [Fig. p.57 : illustration de la tragédie II de Seneque "Thyestes".] [Cote : Res m Yc 1008/Microfilm R 122295] ; [Fig. en reg. p.93 : illustration de la tragédie III de Seneque "Thebais".] [Cote : Res m Yc 1008/Microfilm R 122295] ; [Fig. à la tragédie IV : illustration de la tragédie IIII de Seneque "Hypolite" (Hypolytus).] [Cote : Res m Yc 1008/Microfilm R 122295] ; [Fig. à la tragédie V : illustration de la tragédie V de Seneque "Oedipe" (Oedypus).] [Cote : Res m Yc 1008/Microfilm R 122295] ; [Fig. à la tragédie VI : illustration de la tragédie VI de Seneque "Les Troyennes" (Troas).] [Cote : Res m Yc 1008/Microfilm R 122295] ; [Fig. à la tragédie VII : illustration de la tragédie V de Seneque "Médée" (Medea).] [Cote : Res m Yc 1008/Microfilm R 122295] ; [Fig. à la tragédie VIII : illustration de la tragédie VIII de Seneque "Agamemnon" .] [Cote : Res m Yc 1008/Microfilm R 122295] ; [Fig. à la tragédie IX : illustration de la tragédie IX de Seneque "Octavie" (Octavia) . ] [Cote : Res m Yc 1008/Microfilm R 122295] ; [Fig. à la tragédie X : illustration de la tragédie X de Seneque "Hercules oetheus" .] [Cote : Res m Yc 1008/Microfilm R 122295]

Chlamydiales and the innate immune response: friend or foe?

Pathogenicity of Chlamydia and Chlamydia-related bacteria could be partially mediated by an enhanced activation of the innate immune response. The study of this host pathogen interaction has proved challenging due to the restricted in vitro growth of these strict intracellular bacteria and the lack of genetic tools to manipulate their genomes. Despite these difficulties, the interactions of Chlamydiales with the innate immune cells and their effectors have been studied thoroughly. This review aims to point out the role of pattern recognition receptors and signal molecules (cytokines, reactive oxygen species) of the innate immune response in the pathogenesis of chlamydial infection. Besides inducing clearance of the bacteria, some of these effectors may be used by the Chlamydia to establish chronic infections or to spread. Thus, the induced innate immune response seems to be variable depending on the species and/or the serovar, making the pattern more complex. It remains crucial to determine the common players of the innate immune response in order to help define new treatment strategies and to develop effective vaccines. The excellent growth in phagocytic cells of some Chlamydia-related organisms such as Waddlia chondrophila supports their use as model organisms to study conserved features important for interactions between the innate immunity and Chlamydia.

Closure of the Monte Carlo dynamical equation in the spherical Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model

We study the analytical solution of the Monte Carlo dynamics in the spherical Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model using the technique of the generating function. Explicit solutions for one-time observables (like the energy) and two-time observables (like the correlation and response function) are obtained. We show that the crucial quantity which governs the dynamics is the acceptance rate. At zero temperature, an adiabatic approximation reveals that the relaxational behavior of the model corresponds to that of a single harmonic oscillator with an effective renormalized mass.

General method to determine replica symmetry breaking transitions

We introduce a new parameter to investigate replica symmetry breaking transitions using finite-size scaling methods. Based on exact equalities initially derived by F. Guerra this parameter is a direct check of the self-averaging character of the spin-glass order parameter. This new parameter can be used to study models with time reversal symmetry but its greatest interest lies in models where this symmetry is absent. We apply the method to long-range and short-range Ising spin-glasses with and without a magnetic field as well as short-range multispin interaction spin-glasses.