875 resultados para Sexually transmitted infections, Life course epidemiology, Sexual health, Women, Australia


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Contiene con portadilla propia: "Pharmacopoeia syphilitica"

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The major changes of the transition to adulthood are argued to be stressful, and health-related behaviors such as smoking and physical activity may be adopted, consolidated, or abandoned at this time. On the other hand, research has suggested that the normative transitions of emerging adulthood, although involving considerable change, may be associated with low stress because they are perceived as both positive and normal at this life stage. This article examines relations between the timing and sequencing of life transitions and stress and health-related behaviors, focusing on the transition to young adulthood among Australian women. A total of 853 women aged 22 to 27 provided information about the timing and sequencing of 6 life transitions: moving out of home, stopping full-time education, starting full-time work, having the first live-in relationship, marriage, and motherhood-and stress, smoking, and physical activity. Most had moved out of home, stopped full-time education, and started full-time work, but only 14% had undertaken all 6 transitions. Overall, 70% of participants had made transitions in order Overall, the findings suggest that the relations between timing and sequencing of transitions, and indicators of health, are moderate for smoking, but small for stress and for physical activity. These effects remained after controlling for socioeconomic status of the participants' families of origin. Matching current social norms for the timing and sequencing of life changes may be of less importance for women's well-being than is commonly believed. Although the significant relations between early or out of order transitions and smoking are of concern, the smaller relations with stress and with sedentariness suggest that such transitions may have limited negative consequences, and support the view that individuals are active in choosing the life path that is appropriate for them and their circumstances.

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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) contributes to the most common sexually transmitted infections, with repeated and persistent infection with particular types causing disease in both men and women. Infection with low-risk HPV types can lead to genital warts and benign lesions of the oral cavity, while high-risk types can cause various HPV-related malignancies. The incidence of head and neck cancer has been rising in the past number of decades mostly due to oropharyngeal cancer linked to HPV infection. HPV vaccination has been shown to be effective for cervical and other anogenital HPV-related cancers, and there is significant potential for HPV vaccination to prevent oropharyngeal cancers, given that the HPV types implicated in this disease can be protected against by the HPV vaccine. Few countries have implemented a universal HPV vaccination programme for males and females, with many countries arguing that female only vaccination programmes protect males via herd immunity, and that men-who-have-sex-with-men will be protected via targeted vaccination programmes. We argue these may be limited in their effectiveness. We propose that the most effective, practical, ethical and potentially cost effective solution is universal HPV vaccination that might lead to control of HPV-related diseases in men and women alike.

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RsumLa naissance du premier enfant est un vnement normatif l'origine de nombreux changements dans le parcours de vie des hommes et des femmes. La prsente recherche s'intresse la transition la parentalit en tant que moment l'origine d'un processus de stratification sociale. Trois dimensions dpendantes sont tudies du point de vue de leur changement: l'insertion professionnelle, le travail domestique et la qualit de la relation conjugale. Les concepts de divergence et de convergence interindividuelle, labors partir de l'hypothse des ds/avantages cumulatifs et de l'hypothse alternative des effets compensatoires, sont utiliss pour oprationnaliser le changement qui se produit dans ces trois dimensions lors de la naissance du premier enfant.Les rsultats montrent, dans un premier moment, la prsence de divergences entre les hommes et les femmes dans chacune de ces trois dimensions. Ces divergences inter-sexe sont associes des convergences entre les individus de mme sexe. Les analyses se focalisent dans un deuxime moment, sur les divergences et convergences ultrieures qui se produisent entre individus du mme sexe en fonction des ressources sociales, culturelles et conomiques initiales. Quelles sont ainsi, par exemple, les mres qui ne diminuent pas leur taux d'occupation initial? Quels sont les pres qui rduisent moins que les autres leur investissement dans le travail domestique? Quels sont les parents qui connaissent une moindre diminution de la qualit de leur relation conjugale? Les rponses donnes ces questions montrent comment le processus de stratification sociale au sein d'une cohorte doit tre expliqu en relation avec le changement qui se produit lors d'une transition spcifique et non seulement en tant que rsultat du simple passage du temps.AbstractThe birth of the first child is a normative event creating important changes in the life course of men and women. This research analyzes the transition to parenthood as a moment creating social stratification. Three dependent dimensions are studied in their change: the occupational career, the domestic labour and the conjugal relationship's quality. The concepts of interindividual divergences and convergence, conceived from the cumulative dis/advantage hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis of compensatory effects, are used to operationalize the change in these three dimensions after the birth of the first child.Results show that, firstly, divergences take place between men and women becoming parents in the three dependent dimensions. Inter-sex divergences are associated to convergence between same-sex individuals. Secondly, the analyses focus on further di/convergences taking place between same-sex individuals, in relation with the initial social, cultural and economical resources. Who are the mothers who will not reduce their initial occupational rates? Who are the fathers who will reduce less than the others their involvement in the domestic tasks? Who are the parents who will experience a less important reduction in their conjugal relationship's quality? The answers to these questions show how the process of social stratification within a cohort has to be explained in relation with the change taking place during a specific transition and not only as a result of the simple passage of time.

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Le Canada accepte des demandes dasile sur la base de l'orientation sexuelle depuis plus de 20 ans. Quoi quil en soit, cette recherche permet de douter du fait que les demandes sur la base de lorientation sexuelle dposes par des femmes soient traites de faon adquate. Pour garantir laccs la protection des femmes appartenant des minorits sexuelles, une analyse du risque de perscution fond sur l'orientation sexuelle doit incorporer des considrations de genre ainsi que divers autres facteurs dordre social et culturel. partir dune tude de cas de demandes du statut de refugi dposes par des femmes sur la base de lorientation sexuelle et rejetes par la Commission de l'immigration et du statut de rfugi entre 2010 et 2013, cette recherche identifie des procds dcisionnels problmatiques qui font obstacle au droit dasile de ces femmes. Les rsultats de cette tude rvlent quune analyse intersectionnelle, laquelle prend acte des formes varies et multiples de loppression dans un contexte social donn, est dimportance cruciale pour une valuation claire et non tronque des risques de perscution pour les minorits sexuelles fminines. la lumire de ces rsultats, ce mmoire propose quune analyse intersectionnelle accompagne une ncessaire formation pour les membres de la Commission de l'immigration et du statut de rfugi du Canada sur des questions particulires des minorits sexuelles.