A comunicação organizacional no setor do chocolate

O objetivo deste trabalho é discorrer sobre a comunicação organizacional entre distribuidores de chocolate. Consiste em pesquisa de delineamento exploratório contendo referencial teórico para auxiliar a fundamentação dos conceitos e para apresentar modelos teóricos para a pesquisa de campo. Contém também estudo de caso (pesquisa de campo) envolvendo duas organizações: Harald e Chocolândia. Os resultados apontam que a comunicação mercadológica dos agentes intermediários no mercado de chocolate envolve vários instrumentos comunicacionais, tantos massivos como segmentados. Alguns são peculiares, como a promoção em aulas presenciais em centros culinários próprios, outros são informais, caso da intensa comunicação boca-aboca que parece formar uma autêntica rede de comunicação e de consumidores.

O radicci no contato italiano-português da região de Caxias do Sul : identidade, atitudes lingüísticas e manuntenção do bilingüismo

O presente estudo investiga a inter-relação entre a fala do personagem Radicci (e de sua família), criação do cartunista, humorista e radialista caxiense Carlos Henrique Iotti, e a fala proveniente do contato do imigrante italiano com o novo meio, na região de Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, tanto no meio urbano, quanto no rural. O objetivo geral da pesquisa, a influência do Radicci sobre as relações lingüísticas do italiano em contato com o português na área de estudos, se desdobra em quatro pontos essenciais: (a) componente lingüístico: em que medida a fala do Radicci reflete a fala do colono ítalo-brasileiro, já que se concebe o personagem como um símbolo representativo desse elemento humano característico da região?; (b) componente atitudinal: como os falantes da região reagem aos traços lingüísticos da fala do Radicci, ou seja, que atitudes lingüísticas são reforçadas ou inibidas na recepção do personagem?; (c) componente de identidade: no caso de haver uma identificação ou não com o personagem, como isso repercute sobre a questão da identidade ítalo-brasileira?; (d) componente da situação bilíngüe: considerando os itens (a), (b) e (c), em que medida o Radicci contribui para a manutenção ou substituição lingüística das variedades do italiano em contato com o português na região de Caxias do Sul? O estudo, portanto, se desenvolve no âmbito de pesquisas do “bilingüismo e línguas em contato”, abordando tópicos como atitudes lingüísticas, identidade, preconceito lingüístico, manutenção ou substituição da língua minoritária. Do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico, o estudo desses aspectos tem por base a perspectiva da nova Dialetologia Pluridimensional, como é concebida por Harald Thun nos atlas contatuais do Uruguai e do Paraguai. Os resultados do estudo nos levaram a constatar que o Radicci encontra grande aceitabilidade entre os informantes da pesquisa, no que tange ao contato e à recepção do personagem. Os aspectos mencionados como deflagradores dessa repercussão positiva vão desde o humor até o grande valor do personagem como símbolo representativo da região de Caxias do Sul, com as peculiaridades próprias da cultura italiana da RCI.

Difusão sócio-geográfica do português em contato com o italiano no sul do Brasil

A Região Sul do Brasil, do ponto de vista da diversidade lingüística, caracteriza-se, entre diversos outros aspectos, pelo contato do português com as línguas dos imigrantes europeus que colonizaram a região desde o século XIX. Monolíngües no início, esses imigrantes tornaram-se bilíngües ao adquirir o português ao longo dos anos e, atualmente, a tendência é serem monolíngües em português. Em tal contexto, os italianos assumem posição de destaque, não só pelo número de falantes, mas também pelas áreas ocupadas e pela influência no contexto lingüístico, sociocultural e econômico. O português falado nas regiões em que ocorre o contato com o italiano assumiu traços específicos que refletem a constituição social e étnica dessas áreas, distinguindo-se, assim, do português falado em outras regiões e da variedadepadrão subjacente. Considerando esse cenário, o objetivo deste estudo é explicitar a dinâmica de difusão do português no espaço pluridimensional de contato com o italiano, mais especificamente em oito pontos (municípios) do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina. A linha teórica da pesquisa segue a perspectiva da dialetologia pluridimensional e relacional, a qual busca constituir uma ciência da variação lingüística que corrija as deficiências da geolingüística tradicional e acrescente à sociolingüística uma importância maior ao valor do espaço no debate sobre a variação: “o conceito das interrelações no espaço”, segundo Harald Thun. Os dados foram coletados através de trinta e duas entrevistas, nos estilos conversa semidirigida, resposta a questionário e leitura, nas quais foram controladas dimensões sociais e geográficas, visando a verificar a pronúncia variável do ditongo nasal tônico [A)w)], do [r] forte, da vogal [a] seguida de consoante nasal, do alçamento das vogais átonas finais [e] e [o], da africação de [t] e [d] diante de [i], da realização das fricativas [S] e [Z]. Os resultados, demonstrados através de tabelas estatísticas e de mapas pluridimensionais, evidenciam que a difusão dos traços associados ao português varia no modo e na intensidade. No plano diatópico, ocorre difusão mais intensa em Orleans (SC) e Caxias do Sul (RS), ao passo que a maior resistência à inovação lingüística foi detectada em Rodeio (SC) e Sananduva (RS). Na perspectiva diassocial, o uso de variantes sem interferência do italiano é liderado, sucessivamente, pelos falantes urbanos, pelos mais jovens e mais escolarizados.

Eficácia do treinamento assertivo na depressão

O treinamento assertivo tem se tornando uma técnica de 'tratamento cada vez mais' popular e tem sido usado com uma ampla variedade de problemas interpessoais. Entretanto, pouco tem sido feito para avaliar-se sua eficácia na depressão. Neste trabalho foi feito uma tentativa para mostrar a importância da técnica em aliviar depressões neur6ticas. Tentou-se um estudo singular dos efeitos do treinamento assertivo na depressão", utilizando a estratégia do delineamento experimental para caso único. Em certa medida os resultados apoiaram a eficácia do tratamento. Algumas considerações foram tecidas com base em abordagens comportamentais recentes, concernentes à depressão, e uma pequena abordagem histórica relacionada ao desenvolvimento do treinamento assertivo, também, foi apresentada. Concluiu-se que se a perda de reforçamento de contingências de resposta é a base do comportamento depressivo, é possível aliviar a depressão restaurando e aumentando a incidência de reforçamentos positivos, utilizando o treinamento assertivo, mesmo se subscrevermos a ideia de que a falta de controle sobre os eventos ambientais esteja: na raiz de todo o comportamento depressivo.

Collider aspects of flavor physics at high Q

This chapter of the "Flavor in the era of LHC" workshop report discusses flavor-related issues in the production and decays of heavy states at the LHC at high momentum transfer Q, both from the experimental and the theoretical perspective. We review top quark physics, and discuss the flavor aspects of several extensions of the standard model, such as supersymmetry, little Higgs models or models with extra dimensions. This includes discovery aspects, as well as the measurement of several properties of these heavy states. We also present publicly available computational tools related to this topic.

CMS physics technical design report, volume II: Physics performance

CMS is a general purpose experiment, designed to study the physics of pp collisions at 14 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider ( LHC). It currently involves more than 2000 physicists from more than 150 institutes and 37 countries. The LHC will provide extraordinary opportunities for particle physics based on its unprecedented collision energy and luminosity when it begins operation in 2007. The principal aim of this report is to present the strategy of CMS to explore the rich physics programme offered by the LHC. This volume demonstrates the physics capability of the CMS experiment. The prime goals of CMS are to explore physics at the TeV scale and to study the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking - through the discovery of the Higgs particle or otherwise. To carry out this task, CMS must be prepared to search for new particles, such as the Higgs boson or supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model particles, from the start- up of the LHC since new physics at the TeV scale may manifest itself with modest data samples of the order of a few fb(-1) or less. The analysis tools that have been developed are applied to study in great detail and with all the methodology of performing an analysis on CMS data specific benchmark processes upon which to gauge the performance of CMS. These processes cover several Higgs boson decay channels, the production and decay of new particles such as Z' and supersymmetric particles, B-s production and processes in heavy ion collisions. The simulation of these benchmark processes includes subtle effects such as possible detector miscalibration and misalignment. Besides these benchmark processes, the physics reach of CMS is studied for a large number of signatures arising in the Standard Model and also in theories beyond the Standard Model for integrated luminosities ranging from 1 fb(-1) to 30 fb(-1). The Standard Model processes include QCD, B-physics, diffraction, detailed studies of the top quark properties, and electroweak physics topics such as the W and Z(0) boson properties. The production and decay of the Higgs particle is studied for many observable decays, and the precision with which the Higgs boson properties can be derived is determined. About ten different supersymmetry benchmark points are analysed using full simulation. The CMS discovery reach is evaluated in the SUSY parameter space covering a large variety of decay signatures. Furthermore, the discovery reach for a plethora of alternative models for new physics is explored, notably extra dimensions, new vector boson high mass states, little Higgs models, technicolour and others. Methods to discriminate between models have been investigated. This report is organized as follows. Chapter 1, the Introduction, describes the context of this document. Chapters 2-6 describe examples of full analyses, with photons, electrons, muons, jets, missing E-T, B-mesons and tau's, and for quarkonia in heavy ion collisions. Chapters 7-15 describe the physics reach for Standard Model processes, Higgs discovery and searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model.

Lightning activity in Brazilian thunderstorms during TROCCINOX: implications for NOx production

During the TROCCINOX field experiment in January and February 2005, the contribution of lightning-induced nitrogen oxides (LNOx) from tropical and subtropical thunderstorms in Southern Brazil was investigated. Airborne trace gas measurements (NO, NOy, CO and O-3) were performed up to 12.5 km with the German research aircraft Falcon. During anvil penetrations in selected tropical and subtropical thunderstorms of 4 and 18 February, NOx mixing ratios were on average enhanced by 0.7-1.2 and 0.2-0.8 nmol mol(-1) totally, respectively. The relative contributions of boundary layer NOx (BL-NOx) and LNOx to anvil-NOx were derived from the NOx-CO correlations. on average similar to 80-90% of the anvil-NOx was attributed to LNOx. A Lightning Location Network (LINET) was set up to monitor the local distribution of cloud-to-ground (CG) and intra-cloud (IC) radiation sources (here called 'strokes') and compared with lightning data from the operational Brazilian network RINDAT (Rede Integrada Nacional de Deteccao de Descargas Atmosfericas). The horizontal LNOx mass flux out of the anvil was determined from the mean LNOx mixing ratio, the horizontal outflow velocity and the size of the vertical cross-section of the anvil, and related to the number of strokes contributing to LNOx. The values of these parameters were derived from the airborne measurements, from lightning and radar observations, and from a trajectory analysis. The amount of LNOx produced per LINET stroke depending on measured peak current was determined. The results were scaled up with the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) flash rate (44 flashes s(-1)) to obtain an estimate of the global LNOx production rate. The final results gave similar to 1 and similar to 2-3 kg(N) per LIS flash based on measurements in three tropical and one subtropical Brazilian thunderstorms, respectively, suggesting that tropical flashes may be less productive than subtropical ones. The equivalent mean annual global LNOx nitrogen mass production rate was estimated to be 1.6 and 3.1 Tg a(-1), respectively. By use of LINET observations in Germany in July 2005, a comparison with the lightning activity in mid-latitude thunderstorms was also performed. In general, the same frequency distribution of stroke peak currents as for tropical thunderstorms over Brazil was found. The different LNOx production rates per stroke in tropical thunderstorms compared with subtropical and mid-latitude thunderstorms seem to be related to the different stroke lengths (inferred from comparison with laboratory data and observed lengths). In comparison, the impact of other lightning parameters as stroke peak current and stroke release height was assessed to be minor. The results from TROCCINOX suggest that the different vertical wind shear may be responsible for the different stroke lengths.

Distribution of a Robertsonian translocation in goats

Two hundred and five animals were cytogenetically studied. They were related to a male goat called 'Harald', imported from Switzerland, who was a t 5 15 chromosomic translocation carrier. 29.27% of the analyzed animals were heterozygous and 4.88% were homozygous. All carrying animals were found in Botucatu, Limeira and São Manuel city in Brazil. Descendants of this buck were sold in several regions of Brazil, and may have spread this aberration. © 1992.

TroCCiBras and its partner projects HIBISCUS and TROCCINOX: The 2004 field campaign in the state of São Paulo

This overview paper summarizes the objectives of the Tropical Convection and Cirrus Brasil project, as well as those of the European Commission sponsored HIBISCUS and TROCCINOX projects, which conducted a joint field campaign in the State of São Paulo from January to March 2004. Emphasis is given on the description of different types of lidars and their deployment for obtaining meteorological data during the joint field campaign in 2004. © Sociedad Española de Óptica.

Temperature dependence of structural and electronic properties of the spin-liquid candidate κ-(BEDT-TTF) 2Cu 2(CN) 3

We investigate the effect that the temperature dependence of the crystal structure of a two-dimensional organic charge-transfer salt has on the low-energy Hamiltonian representation of the electronic structure. For that, we determine the crystal structure of κ-(BEDT-TTF) 2Cu 2(CN) 3 for a series of temperatures between T=5 and 300 K by single crystal X-ray diffraction and analyze the evolution of the electronic structure with temperature by using density functional theory and tight binding methods. We find a considerable temperature dependence of the corresponding triangular lattice Hubbard Hamiltonian parameters. We conclude that even in the absence of a change of symmetry, the temperature dependence of quantities like frustration and interaction strength can be significant and should be taken into account. © 2012 American Physical Society.

O tempo e a linguagem

Pós-graduação em Linguística e Língua Portuguesa - FCLAR

Systemic leukopenia, evaluation of laminar leukocyte infiltration and laminar lesions in horses with naturally occurring colic syndrome

The present study was aimed at identifying laminar lesions and leukocyte infiltration in hoof laminar tissue of horses with colic syndrome and its correlation with the total leukocyte count before death. Six healthy horses were used as control group (CG), and eighteen horses with lethal gastrointestinal disease were divided into two groups: leukopenic group (LG) with seven leukopenic horses, and non-leukopenic group (NLG) with 11 horses with total leukocyte count within reference range for the species. Leukocyte infiltration was examined by immunohistochemistry. Laminar lesions were observed in both LG and NLG, with no differences in severity between them. LG showed increase of the leukocyte infiltration in the hoof laminar tissue, when compared to CG and NLG. Horses with severe colic syndrome (LG and NLG) developed intense laminar lesions without clinical signs of laminitis, with increased leukocyte infiltration. However, the LG demonstrated an even higher increase of leukocyte infiltration compared to both CG and NLG.

Cocaine effects on mouse incentive-learning and human addiction are linked to alpha 2 subunit-containing GABA(A) receptors

Because GABA(A) receptors containing alpha 2 subunits are highly represented in areas of the brain, such as nucleus accumbens (NAcc), frontal cortex, and amygdala, regions intimately involved in signaling motivation and reward, we hypothesized that manipulations of this receptor subtype would influence processing of rewards. Voltage-clamp recordings from NAcc medium spiny neurons of mice with alpha 2 gene deletion showed reduced synaptic GABA(A) receptor-mediated responses. Behaviorally, the deletion abolished cocaine`s ability to potentiate behaviors conditioned to rewards (conditioned reinforcement), and to support behavioral sensitization. In mice with a point mutation in the benzodiazepine binding pocket of alpha 2-GABA(A) receptors (alpha 2H101R), GABAergic neurotransmission in medium spiny neurons was identical to that of WT (i.e., the mutation was silent), but importantly, receptor function was now facilitated by the atypical benzodiazepine Ro 15-4513 (ethyl 8-amido-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazo [1,5-a] [1,4] benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate). In alpha 2H101R, but not WT mice, Ro 15-4513 administered directly into the NAcc-stimulated locomotor activity, and when given systemically and repeatedly, induced behavioral sensitization. These data indicate that activation of alpha 2-GABA(A) receptors (most likely in NAcc) is both necessary and sufficient for behavioral sensitization. Consistent with a role of these receptors in addiction, we found specific markers and haplotypes of the GABRA2 gene to be associated with human cocaine addiction.

Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC

We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.

Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.