Environmental conditions and variation in levels of sun exposure among children in child care

Sun exposure in childhood is I of the risk factors for developing skin cancer, yet little is known about levels of exposure at this age. This is particularly important in countries with high levels of ultraviolet radiation. (UVR) such as Australia. Among 49 children 3 to 5 years of age attending child care centers, UVR exposure was studied under 4 conditions in a repeated measures design; sunny days, cloudy days, teacher's instruction to stay in the shade, and a health professionals instruction to apply sunscreen. Three different data collection methods were employed: (a) completion of questionnaire or diary by parents and researcher, (b) polysulphone dosimeter readings, and (c) observational audits (video recording). Results of this study indicated that more than half the children had been sunburnt (pink or red) and more than a third had experienced painful sunburn (sore or tender) in the last summer. Most wore short sleeve shirts, short skirts or shorts and cap, that do not provide optimal levels of skin protection. However, sunscreen was applied to all exposed parts before the children went out to the playground. Over the period of I hr (9-10 a.m.) the average amount of time children spent in full sun was 22 min. On sunny days there was more variation across children in the amount of sun exposure received. While the potential amount of UVR exposure for young children during the hour they were outside on a sunny day was 1.45 MED (Minimum Erythemal Dose), they received on average 0.35 MED, which is an insufficient amount to result in an erythemal response on fair skin even without the use of sunscreen.

Brazilian National School of Public Administration

The Brazilian National School of Public Administration (Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica ??? ENAP) is a public foundation linked to the Ministry of Planning, Budget and Management. Founded in 1986, its core mission is ???to develop competencies of civil servants in order to enhance government capacity for managing public policies???. To fulfill its mission, a wide program of learning and continued education is offered to public policy managers as well as e-learning and customized courses, in accordance to governmental and institutional strategic objectives. ENAP???s courses are framed according to governmental strategic demands for social inclusion, poverty reduction as well as economic development in order to strengthen the leading South American democracy. The range and diversity of its programs mirrors the challenges of deep changes in the jobs market and the work environment, faced by the current 550,000 federal civil servants and the over 7,000,000 state and municipal civil servants in Brazil, as last counted in 2006.

Structure formation in an expanding universe : I José Plínio Baptista School of Cosmology

José Plínio Baptista School of Cosmology (1. : 2012 : Anchieta, ES). Seminário realizado no período de 14 a 19 de outubro de 2012.

Propostas de utilização de sequências didáticas investigativas para o estudo do conceito de velocidade no ensino médio

A evolução das concepções alternativas em direção ao conhecimento científico é um processo longo. Isso porque essas ideias são coerentes, universais, persistentes e consistentes (PINTÓ, et al., 1996). Vários autores têm destacado as contribuições da utilização de atividades investigativas para a evolução conceitual (AZEVEDO, 2006; CARVALHO, 2013; BORGES, 2002). Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo sobre as contribuições dessas atividades para a evolução do conceito de velocidade. O estudo foi realizado em novembro de 2013 com alunos do primeiro ano do ensino médio que já haviam estudado o conteúdo de cinemática. A maioria deles demonstrou concepção alternativa, o que mostra que essa forma de conhecimento pode existir mesmo após a instrução formal. Foram realizadas três atividades que colocaram os alunos diante de diferentes situações com o objetivo de promover conflito cognitivo (CARVALHO, 1992). A produção escrita dos alunos foi recolhida e analisada utilizando-se como referencial a análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 1977). As atividades investigativas realizadas mostraram ser uma boa alternativa às aulas tradicionais de laboratório e demonstraram potencial em promover evolução das concepções alternativas.

Conceitos de eletricidade e suas aplicações tecnológicas : uma unidade de ensino potencialmente significativa

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo central a elaboração de uma unidade de ensino sobre conceitos de eletricidade e validação desse material como uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa (UEPS). Assim, foi desenvolvida uma unidade de ensino sobre os temas diferença de potencial, corrente elétrica e suas aplicações sob a luz da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de Ausubel e aplicada em seis turmas do terceiro ano do ensino médio de uma escola estadual do Espírito Santo. A fim de investigação das potencialidades desse método de ensino, utilizou-se metodologias de pesquisa qualitativa descritiva interpretativa e quantitativa préexperimental. Tendo em vista a importância dos conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes para promover aprendizagem significativa, no início do estudo foram aplicados questionários de opinião, realizados diálogos prévios e construções de mapas conceituais, sendo esses importantes instrumentos para a adequação do material apresentado ao aluno em relação ao seu perfil e à sua estrutura cognitiva. Para coleta de dados da pesquisa foram feitas gravações em áudio das principais etapas, diários de bordo, fotografias dos trabalhos, questionários e mapas conceituais prévios e finais e, finalmente, avaliação escrita. A análise dos mapas conceituais constituiu um dos principais instrumentos para avaliação sob o ponto de vista do desenvolvimento cognitivo dos estudantes, no sentido de classificar os mapas, associá-los às estruturas cognitivas de quem os construiu e identificar variações estatisticamente válidas em relação às construções de novos significados. A investigação revelou que, de modo geral, a unidade foi responsável por melhorias significativas na predisposição dos alunos em aprender e na promoção da aprendizagem significativa, possibilitando sua a validação como uma UEPS.

South-South relations and the English School of International Relations: Chinese and Brazilian ideas and involvement in Sub-Saharan Africa

The rise of large developing countries has led to considerable discussions of re-balancing global relations and giving greater priority to understanding South-South relations. This paper, in exploring the central ideas of Chinese and Brazilian foreign policy and the behavior of these two rising Southern countries toward Sub-Saharan Africa, argues that the English School of International Relations is well suited to understanding the intentions and actions that characterize South-South relations.

International Summer School of Museology

Cadernos de Sociomuseologia Centro de Estudos de Sociomuseologia

Foreign languages in the primary school

Of vital importance to the successful implementation of the teaching of FLs in the 1st Cycle...

Indoor school environment: easy and low cost to assess inorganic pollutants

Total particulate matter (TPM) was passively collected inside two classrooms of each of five elementary schools in Lisbon, Portugal. TPM was collected in polycarbonate filters with a 47 mm diameter, placed inside of uncovered plastic petri dishes. The sampling period was from 19 May to 22 June 2009 (35 days exposure) and the collected TPM masses varied between 0.2 mg and 0.8 mg. The major elements were Ca, Fe, Na, K, and Zn at μg level, while others were at ng level. Pearson′s correlation coefficients above 0.75 (a high degree of correlation) were found between several elements. Soil-related, traffic soil re-suspension and anthropogenic emission sources could be identified. Blackboard chalk was also identified through Ca large presence. Some of the determined chemical elements are potential carcinogenic. Quality control of the results showed good agreement as confirmed by the application of u-score test.

Occupational accidents among middle and high school students of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of occupational injuries and identify their risk factors among students in two municipalities. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in public schools of the municipalities of Santo Antonio do Pinhal and Monteiro Lobato, Brazil. A stratified probabilistic sample was drawn from public middle and high schools of the study municipalities. A total of 781 students aged 11 to 19 years participated in the study. Students attending middle and high school answered a comprehensive questionnaire on living and working conditions, as well as aspects of work injuries, and health conditions. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to estimate risk factors of previous and present occupational injuries. RESULTS: Of 781 students, 604 previously had or currently have jobs and 47% reported previous injuries. Among current workers (n=555), 38% reported injuries on their current job. Risk factors for work injuries with statistically significant odds ratio >2.0 included attending evening school, working as a housekeeper, waiter or brickmaker, and with potentially dangerous machines. CONCLUSIONS: The study results reinforce the need of restricting adolescent work and support communities to implement social promotion programs.

Shiftworking families: parents' working schedule and sleep patterns of adolescents attending school in two shifts

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether parents' engagement in shift work affects the sleep habits of their adolescent children who attend school in two shifts. METHODS: The data were drawn from an extensive survey of sleep and daytime functioning of adolescents attending school one week in the morning and the other in the afternoon. The participants were 1,386 elementary and high school students (11-18 years old) whose parents were both employed. The data were analyzed using MANOVA, with parents' work schedule, adolescents' gender and type of school as between-subject factors. RESULTS: Parents' working schedule significantly affected the sleep patterns of high school adolescents. When attending school in the morning, adolescents whose parents were both day workers woke up somewhat later than adolescents with one shiftworking parent. In addition, they slept longer than adolescents whose parents were both shift workers. On weekends, adolescents whose parents both worked during the day went to bed earlier than adolescents whose parents were both shiftworkers. They also had smaller bedtime delay on weekends with respect to both morning and afternoon shifts than adolescents for whom one or both parents worked shifts. A significant interaction between parents' working schedule, adolescents' gender and type of school was found for sleep extension on weekends after afternoon shift school. CONCLUSIONS: Parental involvement in shift work has negative effects on the sleep of high school adolescents. It contributes to earlier wake-up time and shorter sleep in a week when adolescents attend school in the morning, as well as to greater bedtime irregularity.

International mobility in the Pharmacy degree at the school of allied health sciences of Oporto

Background: The Erasmus program is a subprogram of the Lifelong Learning program, exclusive for Higher Education that promotes (among other initiatives), the mobility of students(studies, training or internships). The mobility of students of higher education seeks to improve the quality and development of future professionals, providing a multidisciplinary and multicultural experience. Setting: Academic Pharmacy/Pharmacy Technicians Methods: We conducted a descriptive and transversal study on the implementation of the mobility program and analyze the results, which involved applying a survey to students. Results: Since 2009/2010, the Pharmacy Degree at ESTSP has established 7 SMs protocols resulting in an average mobility of 5 students IN and 7 Students OUT. We have also endeavoured in SMp Protocols for extracurricular training with an average of 3 students OUT. The application process is normally open during the year before the mobility period. For most of the students involved, this was a first time opportunity to be in a foreign country and more than 70% choose the mobility program because it is seen as a possibility to improve their curriculum, for personal development or even to pursue employment opportunities abroad. The mobility for teachers is also encouraged. Conclusions: The exchange of experiences and training, acquired during cooperation activities should be an element of continuous dynamics and institutional affirmation. Initiatives such as the ERASMUS Program contribute to the educational and scientific enrichment, and promote international competitiveness among Higher Education Institutions.