Ofício de oficial : trabalho, subjetividade e saúde mental na polícia militar

O debate envolvendo a questão da segurança pública destaca-se no cenário nacional, colocando em pauta, dentre outras questões, a necessidade de problematização do papel e das atribuições das instituições policiais. Freqüentemente, vemos a atuação da polícia militar sendo veiculada pela mídia, colocando os policias numa posição ambígua, ora como heróis, ora como vilões. O trabalho policial constitui-se, portanto, em um território de controvérsias, onde se engendra uma realidade muitas vezes pouco conhecida pela sociedade: a do policial trabalhador. Esta pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, aborda o trabalho dos Capitães da Brigada Militar, que, na escala hierárquica, inscrevem-se como Oficiais Intermediários, a partir de dois eixos articulados: o das suas relações com a produção de subjetividade e com a saúde mental, tomando como referência os mecanismos disciplinares que caracterizam o trabalho policial militar e os aspectos deste ofício que geram prazer e sofrimento. Os resultados apontam que as vivências de sofrimento dos Capitães estão fortemente ligadas à rigidez da organização do trabalho policial militar e que a profissão, tendo em vista o código moral a ela relacionado, ocupa um lugar central na produção de subjetividade destes.

Atendimento pré-hospitalar à vítima de acidente de trânsito : a organização do trabalho, seus atores e a enfermagem

Este estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar o atendimento pré-hospitalar às vítimas de trauma, decorrente de acidente de trânsito, no município de Porto Alegre, no que se refere à organização do processo de trabalho, identificando a inserção da enfermagem nesse campo. Caracteriza-se como um estudo descritivo exploratório. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada. No processo de análise, utilizou-se uma abordagem dialética, classificando-se o material empírico em estruturas de relevância que, posteriormente foram agrupadas em um núcleo denominado processo de trabalho no atendimento pré-hospitalar. Nesse núcleo, as estruturas de relevância identificadas foram subdivididas em três subnúcleos: a organização tecnológica do trabalho no serviço de atendimento pré-hospitalar, o trabalho coletivo no atendimento às ocorrências de acidente de trânsito e a visão dos atores sobre a inserção da enfermagem no atendimento pré-hospitalar. Constatou-se a centralidade médica na organização do serviço por meio do exercício da regulação médica; entretanto, na organização do trabalho assistencial, que se efetiva no atendimento das ocorrências, a enfermagem tem um papel essencial, pois é responsável pelo atendimento integral ao paciente, em mais de 90% das situações e participa do atendimento no restante das ocorrências, integrando a equipe de suporte avançado. A equipe realiza um trabalho integrado, no qual as relações estabelecidas são horizontais, o que proporciona a realização de ações conjuntas, que garantem um atendimento rápido e adequado. Na relação com os atores das outras áreas, observou-se a realização de um trabalho coletivo, no qual a equipe de saúde assume uma posição central e as demais, 7 realizam suas atividades específicas, em apoio ao trabalho da saúde, configurando um papel periférico. Os dados analisados revelam a relevância do atendimento às vítimas de acidentes de trânsito e o envolvimento da equipe de suporte básico nesse processo de trabalho, indicando a necessidade de aprofundar o conhecimento nessa área, e buscar subsídios para a prevenção desses agravos, a formação e qualificação dos trabalhadores, bem como a estruturação do trabalho baseado na interdisciplinariedade.

Confecções cartográficas de um mosaico mutante : a potência de encontros da educação profissional em saúde

A dissertação apresenta a educação profissional em saúde como cenário e nascente de relações de trabalho, de ensino e de cuidado à saúde. A produção de conhecimento engendrada revela uma educação profissional com potência de mutação dos valores da racionalidade hegemônica para os valores de singularização do trabalho e dos trabalhadores. O estudo ocupou-se do ensino técnico em saúde propondo entender que seu processo de formação guarda interferências entre a gestão do sistema de saúde, a organização do processo de trabalho nos serviços deste setor e o ordenamento do ensino para suas profissões. O trabalho de escrita e produção de conhecimento foi inovador e original, posto que proposto como a arte em mosaico. O mosaico revelou-se como dispositivo para a exploração das possibilidades e dos efeitos de encontro entre educação, saúde, trabalho e educação em saúde. A metodologia utilizada foi a cartografia, produzindo-se imagem e informação tanto científico-racional, como sensível-vivencial. A problematização de imagens, conceitos e experiências do trabalho e da educação na saúde detectou importante contribuição da educação profissional na mutação da divisão técnica e social das ocupações neste setor, contribuindo para a mudança nos indivíduos, coletivos e instituições, quando organizados para a produção.

Lesão por esforço repetitivo (LER) e a organização do trabalho nas indústrias calçadistas

Estudo e análise das implicações da reestruturação produtiva e organizacional na saúde dos trabalhadores, especialmente as Lesões por Esforço Repetitivo (LER) no setor calçadista junto ao pólo produtivo do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Parte-se do pressuposto que o aumento da prevalência de casos de LER dos trabalhadores calçadistas está intimamente ligado ao processo de produção. Assim, faz-se uma análise da reestruturação produtiva e organizacional das indústrias calçadistas e de dados empíricos coletados junto às trabalhadoras adoecidas das indústrias calçadistas dentro das formulações teórico-metodológicas do campo da Saúde do Trabalhador. A partir do conjunto de elementos analisados, evidencia-se uma maior prevalência do adoecimento por LER, ligado ao processo de trabalho do setor calçadista, especialmente de trabalhadores provenientes de empresas de grande porte, em que se deu o processo de reestruturação de forma mais intensa. O fatores decorrentes da reestruturação produtiva através da intensificação do ritmo de trabalho, da cobrança por quotas de produção, da multifuncionalidade e maior responsabilização, exigidas do trabalhador, mostram-se como um conjunto de fatores enfrentados no processo de produção que agem sinergeticamente na potencialização do processo de adoecimento.

Processo e organização do trabalho: origem, funções e questionamento atual do taylorismo-fordismo

Trata da origem, funções e questionamento da organização científica do trabalho, especificamente, do taylorismo-fordismo. Discute algumas das atuais formas de alteração da organização do trabalho ao mesmo tempo em que mostra a expansão e generalização do taylorismo-fordismo. Aborda as origens e as funções do taylorismo-fordismo como associadas a determinada conjuntura e etapa do processo de trabalho capitalista. Procura inserir a organização científica do trabalho no processo geral das transformações das formas e estruturas capitalistas de produção. Discute o caráter determinístico do desenvolvimento tecnológico associado aos processos e organização do trabalho.

A representação social do cuidado no Programa Saúde da Família na cidade do Natal

The aim of this study was to learn about the social representations of the care provided by the Family Health Program (FHP) in the city of Natal, Brazil and determine how these representations guide the daily actions of doctors, dentists, nurses, nurse s assistants and oral health assistants during the work process. In this sense, we used the theoreticalmethodological approach to the Theory of Social Representations. For data collection, we used the following instruments: a two-part questionnaire, where the first part recorded sociodemographic data and the second part was adapted to the free word association technique (FWAT), which was applied to 90 professionals belonging to 18 FHP units. Interviews were also used as collection instruments. These were based on inductive stimuli and on direct observations of 30 of these professionals. After a superficial reading of the material, we constructed a corpus from which ten categories emerged. To analyze FWAT we used lexicographic analysis, combining frequency and the mean order of responses. The interviews and sociodemographic variables were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistical analysis, respectively. The study showed that the central nucleus of the social representation in question is composed of the elements attention, receptivity and love, revealing that the subjects have different understandings of the FHP care process and that the knowledge accumulated in this respect is supported by an approximate vision of the meaning of care. However, traditional elements with trivializing connotations about care predominate, which compromises the development of strategies to overcome traditional practices. In the set of analyses, we were able to capture the invariance of a contradiction: on one hand, professionals know and affirm the importance of providing care for FHP patients; on the other, the experience of daily practice translates into the negation of this concept. In this contradictory context, professionals build gradual and successive syntheses that allow them to act and affirm themselves by associating information from their academic formation, structured knowledge acquired in other experiences, values and symbols of their daily routine. Thus, they shape and reshape themselves, according to what is concretely and specifically required, at the same time both plural and multiple. The composition of the central nucleus indicates that any measure that intends to modify attitudes that is, the daily actions of FHP professionals with respect to care must take into account and give priority to the debate about the redefining of the semantic fields of the central nucleus (love/attention/receptivity and humanization), especially those of love and attention

Representações sociais dos trabalhadores de saúde da atenção básica sobre envelhecimento e o atendimento ao idoso

This study aims to identify the social representations built on senior care health workers of Primary Care. This is an exploratory research within the subsidized social representations held in 100 Basic Health Units in the city of João Pessoa-PB, with a sample of n= 204 workers of both sexes, who agreed to participate. To collect the data used to set an interview in two parts: the first looked at the Test of Free Association of Words using the inductive stimulus "senior care". The interviews were analyzed with the help of a software for quantitative analysis of textual data ALCESTE (version 2010). The results were interpreted from the theoretical framework of social representations. The study included 178 women (87.25%) and 26 men (12.75%), working in Family Health Units in the city of João Pessoa, the majority are aged between 40-49 years of age ( 28.92%), and have higher education with 81.86%. The results of Alceste link to the term inducer six (6) where the hierarchical classes representing senior care workers as synonymous with care and attention, showing situations neglect of the elderly, for that patience is required to promote the increase of disease prevention and living with the elderly to generate humanization in health services. It is considered that the social representations of health workers on assistance to the elderly may support modeling of strategic actions in health services with health promotion programs for large groups, able to modify practices and behavior in elder care and strengthening the policy was directed at the elderly

A política de humanização e a estratégia saúde da família: visões e vivências

This study approaches the topic of humanization in health that involves the set of policies implemented by the Ministry of Health in Brazil. Its aims are directed towards a reflection on the guiding theoretical and organizing axes of the National Humanization Policy (NHP) and their repercussions on municipal health policy of Natal, Brazil; an analysis of the results of the policy at the local level; knowledge of the views and experiences of the humanization agents in the daily work process and identification of the main challenges of the policy. The empirical field of investigation was the Family Health Strategy (FHS) of the city of Natal. The assumption of the study is that the FHS has produced local experiences with potentialities that must not be wasted, in which there are difficulties and discrepancies between the real and proposed model. The contradictions and challenges in the social and political context of Brazil in the early XXI century and their consequences in the field of health reflect anti-utilitarian aspects anchored strongly in the theoretical concepts of Boaventura de Sousa Santos about the sociology of privations and emergencies as well as of the work of translating. The predominantly qualitative approach collects some complementary quantitative data. The study procedures used were the following: bibliographic research; documental research; interviews; and direct observation. Interpretation of the information obtained was based on documental analysis and on the symbolic cartography of the social representations. Cartographic evidence suggests that practices still take place under dehumanizing conditions that compromise the quality of care given. However, there is a movement aimed at changing the work process that has been strengthening the link and widening the measures developed, incorporating new directions in diversity, integrality and solidarity. The map drawn shows a reality manifested by explicit intentions in a political agenda, by concrete solutions marked by an assortment of difficulties and expressed in the words of the agents and by latent clues identified in successful local experiences, posing many challenges for the consolidation of the proposed changes

Entre flores e espinhos: a atuação do técnico em enfermagem na estratégia saúde da família

It is about a study of an exploratory/descriptive type with a qualitative approach whose aim was to analyze the actuation of nursing technicians in Family Health Strategy (FHS), taking into consideration the defined attributions by the Ministry of Health (MH). Thus, it was sought to identify what activities they carry out, the difficulties encountered, what contributed to their professional performance, and what vision they have about FHS and about themselves in the context. Based on the assumption that the practice of Nursing Technician is not still geared to completeness and that the developed actions by this professional are predominantly individual and curative. We know that FHS proposes the work organization as a team, with territory definition, prioritization of promotion actions, protection and recovery of the individual/family/community health, choosing as a central point the establishment of entails between the professionals and the same ones. However, the team work pass through interdisciplinary, tying and competence, starting making the difference in the way of thinking and doing health. To the accomplishment of this study were interviewed twenty one Nursing Technicians of Family Health Units from Sanitário Oeste district in Natal-RN, using semistructured instrument. From the analysis, three empiric categories emerged: starting from the first, The reality of a dream: what FHS is for the Nursing Technician, we obtained two classifications: one inherent to the own conception they have about FHS, nominated The realization of a dream in the possible and another that corresponds to what they think about FHS, while project that doesn't take place fully, denominated of The beauty of a dream that doesn't take place. The second category was The FHS: a dream built in the daily of Nursing Technician treats of the day by day information of that professional; the activities they perform and how those are established. This created three other items, to know: The role of a Nursing Technician: a project that became routine; The pre-determined role of a Nursing Technician: the scale as factor of (non-)autonomy; and, Knowledge about the practice in FHS: challenges that are presented to the role of Nursing Technician. The third category, denominated of Charms and disenchantment in the beginning of a new practice, it is related to the facilities or difficulties in professional's actuation and how he sees himself in the context. From it emerged the "flowers" and the "thorns" found on the construction of a dream, which gave this study the title. The results indicate that, being considered the characteristics of researched professional category, it becomes fundamental the resizing of labor relations in FHS, being imperative that new glances is conducted, so that the way as those Nursing Technicians interacts with the families can become compatible, together with the team, as well as to return the attention for their possibilities and limits in face of the work process in FHS. Besides, it is necessary changes in the professional formation, so that it can guarantee the conceptual bases in the construction of new practices, seeking to answer to the model of current attention.

Ações de detecção precoce do câncer de mama realizadas por profissionais da estratégia saúde da família

This study is an exploratory descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The objective was to identify the actions for the early detection of breast cancer conducted by the health professionals of the Family Health Strategy in the Trairi region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The research was conducted in nine municipalities of the region. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire with 52 Family Health Strategy professionals, 30 nurses and 22 physicians, that work in the region. Analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics. The results were organized and discussed in three areas: Knowledge about the early detection of breast cancer; Actions for early detection detection of breast cancer, and Difficulties experienced in the screening actions for breast cancer. The results indicate that these professionals (100%) have knowledge of the signs and symptoms of breast cancer and that the majority (96,2%) conduct screening actions in accordance with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health. However, a considerable number (55,8%) of these professionals encounters difficulties while conducting the screening procedures in his work setting. The difficulties varied from those of a personal nature to those of access to the procedure, such as the unavailability of sufficient quotas of screening exams. We conclude that the majority of health professionals execute the screening actions for breast cancer in their work settings according to the recommendations of the Ministry of Health, even though they encounter difficulties in the conclusion of the mammography and ultrasound exams, essential procedures in the early detection of breast cancer. We understand that these professionals demonstrate knowledge of secondary prevention even though they do not execute all the actions necessary for early detection primarily because they are impeded by the blockage of access to exam quotas. We conclude that, in spite of the difficulties experienced, the procedures for the early detection of breast cancer are being executed by the majority of the Family Health Strategy professionals in the Trairí region, specifically the clinical examination of the breast, orientation of breast self examination, requests for mammography and ultra sound examinations. Measures are needed that can mediate the difficulties, that will permit the realization of secondary prevention procedures with the population at risk in the region. We suggest training and actualization courses on the complete screening process that includes a wide discussion of the new legislation that provides the mammography exam for women over 40 years. We believe that the acquisition of such a work perspective for the early detection of breast cancer, along with knowledge of health vigilance and of breast cancer, will enhance integral health care of women that constitutes an aim of the nurse and the family health team

Atividades profissionais da enfermagem no contexto hospitalar: influências nas relações de trabalho

The present study is based on an analysis of professional work relationships in the nursing team from the task/skills of its members as a contribution to understanding the work process in nursing. It is aimed to identify the skills of the nursing team members through the vision of nurses, technicians and nursing assistants, thus it attempts to find strategies to improve the health assistance to patients. It is a descriptive and analytical study with a qualitative approach grounded in theoretical and methodological framework of Symbolic Interactionism. The research was carried out in the participant work place, a Public Hospital of Reference for the SUS, located in the eastern health district of Natal/RN. Nineteen nursing professionals participated in the study, which seven was nurse and twelve nursing technician. As procedure to collect data we used an unstructured interview accompanied by a standard topic guide which was recorded and later transcribed. The content analysis was chosen as the main methodology to analyze the discussion, which gave rise to thematic categories that were considered relevant based on the theoretical framework of this study, and the interactionist theory. This study was in accordance with the ethical principles of the Resolution nº. 196/96, it has obtained an appropriate consent of the UFRN Research Ethics Committee. The results indicate that the professionals seen the nursing as a profession strongly attached to the health care process and as a profession that acquired a scientific status very recently. Regarding to the nursing functions in the work process in nursing, the professionals they identified the manage/administer category as the main activities developed by these professionals, thus the education and complex care in nursing categories. Concerning to the technicians and nursing assistants functions, it was figured out in the professional s opinion that there is not distinction among the attribution of these categories. The interviewed were unanimous in report that these professionals are more involved in direct patient health care through performance of basic duties in nursing care. Finally, with regard to the work relationship among nursing team members, the majority of those interviewed see this relationship as disharmony and quarrelsome and in general, there is not bond between categories that comprise the process of work in nursing. On the basis of our results we consider the importance of knowing the meaning of nursing given by these professionals; also their skills could be useful as basis to identify problems, which source could be detected in the power relationship, deviations of functions, gap between design (knowledge) and performance (doing) work, besides the loss of the global activities view in the process of nursing work

A busca de sintomáticos respiratórios de tuberculose na prática e perspectiva do agente comunitário de saúde nos distritos sanitários de Natal

The objective of this work - which is characterized analyze the search for symptomatic tuberculosis in practice and perspective of the Community Health Agent (ACS) in the districts of Natal. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The study population was 646 professionals, and conducted a probabilistic random sampling, stratified by districts. The data were collected from one instrument to collect data based on Primary Care Assesment Toll (PCAT) and analyzed by descriptive statistics. The sample consisted of ACS was 87% female. Among the study participants 58% completed high school and 120 months of exercise training (95% CI 111.9 to 129.5) on average. 90% were USF. The average follow-up of cases found were 2 cases of TB since the beginning of the career of the ACS and the last three years the average is presented in a case accompanied. The ACS received satisfactory ratings on the bond of trust with the user, so as access to homes in the community. The ACS reported for denying the fear of being positive result was the biggest reason for not performing the sputum. All units have a professional that responds to the Tuberculosis Control Program. Regarding the structural capacity of primary care settings for the diagnosis of TB, we observed satisfactory levels in different districts of pots for sputum collection, however, a point that deserves attention from managers is lack of materials for packaging sputum. Fear of positive result was one of the reasons for the refusal of sputum collection, followed by alcoholism. With regard to TB suspects, all responded that ACS always suspect when the user has TB coughs, but in all districts were noticed at low delivery of requests for applications for smear. BSR in TB control, is characterized in practice as a complex action goes beyond technical expertise and contact with the family that breaks with the Cartesian. The BSR is part of the ACS can perform them from the daily visits. We conclude that the ACS is difficult to achieve. This practice should not be the privilege of this actor, but the entire team of primary care. We must rethink the practices of TB care, seeing the health surveillance while aegis of the working process of primary care teams for early diagnosis and thereby reduce TB in communities

Processo de alimentação do Sistema de Informação do HiperDia: Estudo de Caso no município de Natal/RN

Although the records indicate the involvement of the City Christmas in the feeding system HiperDia, a survey conducted by the Health Ministry in 2004 found that the number of entries made in Natal was well below estimate. In order to understand the functioning of HiperDia, we performed this study to analyze the actions taken by the professionals involved in power system HiperDia in Natal / RN. The research has developed into a quantitative perspective, with the design of exploratory case study conducted in the health services that integrate the various levels of the organization who are directly involved with the process of system power HiperDia in Natal / RN , represented here by SMS, health districts and the Family Health Units in the period from August to October 2008.Study participants were 110 professionals, including nurses, physicians, operators, administrator and a coordinator. The survey results showed that feeding HiperDia in Natal was maintained mainly by health professionals and operators. Activities include carrying out the state registration, monitoring, and updating of data transfer routines. They report that the difficulties in the process of feeding data are related to the work of teams and / or lack of structure of the Program of Hypertension and Diabetes (HA and DM), the discontinuity of federal investments in improving the HiperDia and lack of training. We can see then that the process of feeding system on Christmas HiperDia therefore is developing the three levels (SMS, districts and health units), however is not matching the expectations established by MS, considering that the gaps the flow of information are undermining the end result of this process

Inclusão da criança com deficiência na estratégia de saúde da família

The objective of analyze the shift of the working process of the ESF team in care of children with disabilities, from awareness-raising actions. It is a qualitative study, with the action-research method. Thirteen health professionals were involved from two teams of ESF unit area of the Unidade de Saúde da Família Dr. Chico Porto (UBSFCP) in Mossoró, from March to August 2011. Data were analyzed following the direction of freirean s thematic analysis. In the situational diagnosis of the current reality of CwD assistance in that UBSFCP, through participant observation and application of semi-structured interviews with professionals, we realize that despite these actions carry some assistance to the CwD, in practice few are used for inclusion and accessibility. The monitoring of the CwD is done through individual consultations by each team professional, home visits when possible, both ruled on the complaints and problems, with little solving in the used actions. Since the need for a change in the treatment model and training requirements as pointed out by professionals in the interview, then we decided to build the proposed of training suggested by the multidisciplinary team and put together collectively the achievement of this moment in all its phases. In the step of implementation (action), aspects related to the current situation in Brazil and Mossoró (Laws, policies and health care) for the CwD and CwD Assistance and their family in the ESF in the first two moments of the first training (action) were contemplate. On the second day we discussed the specialized care to CwD, contribution of the Handicapped Parents and Friends Association of Mossoró and in a second moment a workshop was held in which awareness for inclusion of CwD and actions of ESF were discussed. All these moments were discussed and collectively constructed. In the evaluation, we found that implementation (action) allowed to the professional the comprehension of new understandings about people with disabilities, on ways to include, guiding, caring, watching, and mainly to have a new vision on health assistance of the CwD, expanding assistance beyond clinical aspects and recognizing the educational aspects of the rights and duties of citizens and the inclusion of these children in the social spaces area. As difficulties, we face the need for some professionals to be absent to attend another job, solve personal problems, and little or no participation. Thus, during this action-research, the subjects were able to realize the importance of carrying out their practice to the quality of life for him and to the one they care