1000 resultados para Politicas publicas - Brasil - Aspectos ambientais


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No Brasil é visível que existe uma falta de Orquestras considerando sua população. Com esse fato, o trabalho propõe uma análise de caso para que se possa entender a real situação do país em relação a Orquestras, quais as dificuldades de criação e que recursos existem para apoiar a criação e manutenção das mesmas. O projeto analisado é a “Orquestra Jovem”, de Araraquara, Interior de São Paulo. Embora Araraquara já tenha certa tradição em música, até pouco tempo não havia um grupo musical de qualidade que a representasse. Nos últimos anos houve a iniciativa por parte da Secretaria da Cultura em formar tal orquestra, porém com muita dificuldade principalmente em relação ao orçamento, além de ser limitada a participação de um órgão público em leis de incentivo. Empresa especialista em promoção de programas culturais contribuiu, tornando possível inserir o projeto numa lei de incentivo, na Lei Rouanet. As leis de incentivos, tais como a lei Rouanet, o Proac, entre outras, funcionam da seguinte maneira: Aprovado o projeto do proponente, o mesmo vai à busca da capitação de recursos, sendo possível captar das empresas patrocinadoras recursos através do Imposto de Renda, no caso da lei Rouanet, ou do ICMS, no caso do ProAC, ambos deduzidos na prestação de contas da empresa. Existem basicamente dois meios de criar e manter uma orquestra: por iniciativa pública, ou por iniciativa privada suportada por leis de incentivo as quais não só facilitam as questões orçamentárias, mas também apresentam problemas burocráticos, tanto para a aprovação do projeto como para captação de recursos. O presente trabalho se propõe a orientar os interessados na criação de Orquestras, com pleno uso de Leis de Incentivo e formas de captação de recursos da iniciativa privada, com a aplicação de metodologia observada no referido caso.

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This article discusses, in general matters, the economic and social motivations, the organization and development of the program Minha Casa Minha Vida, made in 2009, by Federal Government of Brazil. The objective of this work was to analyse the Brazilian economic and housing context, and the program relation with the Subprime international crisis, which has been started at United States in 2008, as well as analysing and discussing the logistics and the program accessibility. The MCMV program, part of the PAC – Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento – has the intention to combat the economic crisis that had been installed and also minimize the deficit housing of the country. From PAC's initial estimate, US$250 Bi, it has been spent US$129 Bi and it has already been approved more than US$125 Bi designated for the second stage of the program, whose the estimate of PAC2 is about one trillion and a half of brazilian reais. One million homes were built between 2009 and 2012, and the goal for 2014 is two million and a half of new residences. If comparing the current program with the oldest programs, progress were observed ,however, problems and inconsistences are clearly seen: in the real concernment, the truly beneficiary, and contradiction between a social and economic program to urban demands, among other situational factors. It’s also evident, the incentivation for a new residential and closed neighbourhoods, thereby adding to the fragmentation of the urban space, beyond of the exclusion socioespacial caused financing of residences in farest allotments. The capitalist production of the space it’s clearly thriving in analysis of thisfinancing package of the urban habitation, where the biggest glebas rise between central neighbourhood and the newest generated suburb, they evidence the negligence of the authorities in well managing the space, not executing the application of urban instruments of planning the social function, and...

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The city of Santos always had its importance recognised by the respectful role of flowing off the coffee production between the end of 19th and beginning of 20th centuries. All effervescence of this period brought changes to the central area of the city, located near the port. Beginning in the 1970s, some changes in the politics and in the city's urban space made its cafes, theaters, stores and traditional residencies find itselves in decadence imposed by the negligence of the public power. The Historic Downtown of Santos changed to a forgotten and depreciated space and remained that way for many years, reflecting negatively in the preservation of the arquitetonic heritage of the city. The present project aims to analyse the transformation of the current space of the Hitoric Downtown of Santos from the beginning of the 20th century and its recent revaluation through the public politics of the city

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Desde a década de 1930, com o crescimento da malha urbana do município de Rio Claro, a Floresta Estadual “Edmundo Navarro de Andrade” (FEENA), sofre vários tipos de pressões sobre seu patrimônio. O presente trabalho traz uma pesquisa realizada e em dois cursos d’água localizados na faixa oeste da Floresta Estadual “Edmundo Navarro de Andrade”, com a finalidade de identificar e diagnosticar alguns impactos ambientais negativos que ocorrem nestes cursos e quais os efeitos causados por estes impactos nos ambientes formados pelo córrego Lavapés e pelo Ribeirão Claro, bem como, apontar dados sobre a percepção do visitante da Unidade de Conservação frente a esta situação ambiental referentes à deterioração de um importante patrimônio paisagístico natural e cultural

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In 2010 Brazil produced about 60.8 million of municipal solid waste, an amount 6.8% higher than in 2009 and six times the rate of urban population growth recorded in the same period. According to a study by the Brazilian Association of Companies of Special Wasteand Public Cleansing (Abrelpe), the average waste generated per person in the same period the country was 378 Kilograms, an amount 5.3% higher to 2009 (359 Kg). The total reached 60.8 milion tons of waste, 6.5 million tons were collected and not end up inrivers, streams and vacant lots. Of this total production, 42.4% or 22.9 million Tons, did not receive proper destination and destiny had dumps and landfills. The data show that the country is in upward trend in waste generation, but did not advance the appropriate destination at the same pace. The waste thus throw open cause public helth problems, such as proliferation of disease vectors (flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, rats, and others). Generation of odors and especially the pollution of soil, surface water and groundwater through slurry ( liquid black, smelly and high pollution potential produced by the decomposition of organic matter contained in waste), affecting the water. This Study shows the popper closure of the areas, wich long has been degrading our natural resources, not to cause damage to nature and therefore society

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From the beginning of the century, with the advent of the flex fuel car, successor fluctuations in oil prices and the rise of awareness of the impending shortage of fossil fuels, the alcohol sector begins to reappear in the panorama of national economy making Brasill reaches the point of becoming a leading exporter of this product. Ethanol assumed the role of such importance in Brazilian exports, which Petrobras through the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC) has made investments in the Brazilian pipeline network to better ensure the production of ethanol to major ports. The means of transport in pipelines are safe and inexpensive, but require careful evaluation in its implementation, they may lead to negative social and environmental impacts. Thus, the purpose of this project is to propose the best route for an ethanol pipeline connectin the Tietê-Paraná, leaving the municipality of Santa Maria da Serra (SP), to the Planalto Paulista Refinery (REPLAN), located in Paulinia (SP), belonging to the passage of ethanol export corridor, currently under revelopment. The technique used for the development of the stroke is the association of multicriteria evaluation, the geographical information system (SIG) and geotechnologies. This study presented three possible layouts for the ethanol pipeline, highlighting the best option, in addition, demonstrated the suitability of the area to receive projects of similar nature to a pipeline

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With increasing frequency and intensity of climate disasters in Brazil, it is necessary studies on mitigation measures. From this spatialization of areas considered risk becomes essential to assist the public in preventive plans. Floods and flooding are the main types of climatic disasters that hit our country, especially the state of Sao Paulo, mainly by self degree of urbanization. From the data provided by the State Civil Defense was possible to create a database with the localities georelacional occurrences of flooding in the state in which through techniques of GIS (Geographic Information System) enabled the interrelationship and spatialization occurrence of areas affected This will help to determine potential areas of risk and different ways to prevent these disasters

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El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo una presentación de políticas públicas ambientales, teniendo como foco el Proyecto “Municipio VerdeAzul” (PMVA), lanzado por la Secretaria de Medio Ambiente del Estado de São Paulo en 2007, que tiene como característica la descentralización y comparte la gestión ambiental con los municipios. De esta manera, como estudio de caso fue realizado un análisis del desarrollo y de los resultados del municipio de Magda-São Paulo en la aplicación de ese proyecto en el año 2010. Para eso, se utilizó una metodología basada, inicialmente en la revisión bibliográfica sobre los temas envueltos, seguida del levantamiento de datos oficiales colectados en trabajo de campo y en sitios de órganos públicos, bien como entrevistas con dirigentes municipales para la realización del análisis e interpretación de esos dados. La investigación permitió concluir que el municipio de Magda obtuvo buenos resultados a partir de la participación en el PMVA, que se presenta como una política pública ambiental estratégica, avanzando en la perspectiva de actuación del poder municipal en la gestión del medioambiente

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This conclusion of course work aims to investigate the city of Limerick / SP, in order to question whether there are and what public policies developed by local, if there are training places for young people and targeting the job market or even partnerships between the city and local businesses seeking to supply the concrete conditions of preparation and targeting young people for the labor market. All changes in education accompanied the need to provide skilled labor to contribute to the country's economic development. The work is divided into several chapters. The first chapter is about the whole historical development of professional education in Brazil and new challenges. The second chapter discusses the reality of the world of work changes and their consequences, and the issue of working children and adolescents. The third chapter is about the difficulty of insertion of the poor youth in the current job market. The fourth chapter presents the city of Limerick to the needs of professional schools to meet the large number of trades and industries, which are currently listed by the educational institutions of the city and programs signed between the Municipal bodies and institutions such as SENAC (National Service of Commercial Learning) and Senai (National Service of Industrial Learning). The fifth chapter presents an interview with the CAMPL the city of Limerick, whose goal and give professional training to teens to get the first employee. Readings were taken from several authors who treat on the subject

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O consumo de carne bovina pela população brasileira está relacionado a aspectos que sejam sociais ou de saúde. Além disso, pode afetar também o nosso meio ambiente, aumentando impactos ambientais. Em se tratando do Brasil, temos uma grande demanda deste alimento, influenciada pelos hábitos alimentares da população, exigindo, por conseguinte, uma grande produção. Através da construção de cenários e modelagem ambiental, este trabalho avaliou algumas das consequências ambientais da pecuária de corte no Brasil. Para tanto, usamos estimativas de consumo da população, produção da carne bovina e também de valores que relacionem o uso da terra com as emissões de gás carbônico para avaliar os problemas ambientais. Contabilizamos as emissões de gases de efeito estufa associadas as mudanças de uso da terra, fermentação entérica e o manejo de dejetos do gado bovino. Obtive que em alguns cenários extremistas como o Con2a as emissões foram no total de 1,77 PgCO2e anualmente. Enquanto no cenário nacional obtive um total de 1,2 PgCO2e das emissões anuais associadas a todos os seus setores. Em nossos resultados notamos a forte influência do nível de consumo de carne e do sistema de manejo nas emissões de gases efeito estufa dos cenários estudados

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As we focusing in the Brazilian rural area we see that it presents the spatial diversity and the different organization forms of the space arising from its diversity, tied to the different economic, social, politic and cultural contexts .These contextual diversities bring results that is not limited to the agrarian sector, but get beyond the border of the rural world, taking different ways of organization and structuring in the urban areas. The building and management of the rural spaces are constituted as an attribute of the agricultural production that in the course of the centuries made disappear and reduce significant proportions from the natural areas. In many places, the intensification of the production process gives satisfaction to the globalized markets and that return allows the reproduction of the productive conditions. In other areas the access difficulties to the market and the proximity to the developed urban centers cause the abandonment of the agricultural activity and the maintenance of property without production or with specific services (tourism, for example). That process triggers a multiplicity of factors that are defining the pace of the rural areas in Brazil. This work sought to understand all the deals of the ‘’rural’’ county of Rio Claro-SP and what’s the role and the situation that we find the familiar agriculture in the advanced urban areas, which is the case of this study. Where the agriculture doesn’t represent the flagship of the economy. It was the intention, identify what activities and practices socio-spatial are developed in the county rural area. Trying to understand the public politics acts in the promotion and encouragement to the already developed activities or even other activities that can represent the possibility of a social and territorial reproduction of the families on the country

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This work aims at presenting the historical and social path traversed in Brazil since slavery until the implementation of affirmative public policies to promote racial equality, at the local level, in the municipality of Presidente Prudente-SP. Therefore, the starting point was the equal rights guaranteed by the Constitution. As a result, there was a brief historical path of national trajectory, starting from slavery to the so-called cordial racism, seeking to demonstrate the route of racial discrimination in the country. Later, we made notes about the necessity and debate on public policy statements of various fields, were made explicit in the text and the articles of the Constitution which prescribe the crime of racism and some of the situations that were highlighted in the national media. The focus in the city of Presidente Prudente was through historical research, interviews, photographic records and documents that informed about the presence of black people in the city. From these data, based on previous research, it was possible to trace the formation and development of the Black Movement in the city and thus point the way to the formation of this City Council for Racial Equality and the need for application of affirmative action policies for the municipality by hereby. Data from the 2000 Census and 2010 indicate the demand of Presidente Prudente as the percentage of blacks self-declared grew this decade. The main demands are paring the areas of Health since the rate of black women Administrative Region (RA) of Presidente Prudente who die in puerperium and high; Education through enhanced, by the Municipal Education Law No. 10,639, and due attention to african-Brazilian culture by respecting the religious manifestations of African origin among others... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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A Agricultura exerce papel fundamental na economia de um país, seja ela para emprego de mão de obra e geração de renda, seja para produção de alimentos destinados para a exportação e consumo interno. No Brasil a Agricultura familiar é responsável por produzir uma parcela importante de alimentos consumidos pela população nacional. Durante a década de 1990, políticas públicas foram sendo implantadas para auxiliar o desenvolvimento rural, tendo como público alvo a agricultura familiar e incidindo sobre entraves para o seu desenvolvimento, como a questão da comercialização dos produtos advindos desse segmento. Em 2003, O Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), foi instituído pelo artigo 19 da lei federal 10.696, que tinha como objetivo promover a inclusão social e econômica no campo por meio do fortalecimento da agricultura familiar, através da aquisição de alimentos desses produtores. Tais alimentos adquiridos são destinados a ações de alimentação empreendidas por entidades das redes sócioassistenciais, Bancos de Alimentos e para famílias em situação de vulnerabilidade social. O presente trabalho consistiu em um estudo de caso, que teve como objetivo diagnosticar a influência do PAA no município de Rio Claro (SP), quantificando o número de agricultores que participavam do programa no município, e, identificando a diversidade e quantidade de alimentos produzidos destinados ao PAA. Foram também analisados os valores destinados ao programa desde sua implantação. Além disso, foram mapeadas as entidades sócio-assistenciais que receberam os alimentos destinados ao programa. Com base na leis de nº 10.696/2003 e nº 11.326/2006, e os Decretos de nº 6.447/2008 e nº 6.959/2009, que dão providências ao PAA, foram realizadas coletas de dados e informações junto às Secretarias de Ação Social e ao Banco de Alimentos do município de Rio Claro... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)