Violência nas escolas: Um novo olhar ante as relações sociais

The most varied ways of manifestation of the violence phenomenon in the contemporary society are each time more found in the media spaces and among society discussions. It makes think about procedures to be taken before the growth and new outbreaks of such phenomenon. The violences manifestations in schools reveal themselves as a reflection of what happens in the scope of social violence. Its dynamics originates in society and reflects itself in scholl, that is, the violences in schools combine internal and external elements to school enviroment of many fields and spheres of which the individuals participate. To reflect about the violences in the schools requires, over all, to make a bridge with the categories: youth and violence. Violences in schools: A new look to the social relations, is a Ms. Sc. Dissertation that has as main objective: to analyze the main existing forms of violence in the school space. For its achievement, it was made a bibliographical survey, questionnaires application (annexed) and observation. Thus, this research articulated the two approaches: qualitative and quantitative. The questionnaires application happened in a state school of the Natal city and amongst yhe criteria for this choice there was the fact of the school had more than 500 pupils, to be located on a strategical place of the city, providing a subjects heterogeneity to be researched, deyond the limitations of available resources financial and material and the available time for the research accomplishment. The scool congregates objective conditions, specifically in what concerns the criteria previously defined: age range, socioenomical level and number of pupils. Amongst the main results obtained, it can be detached that the violence is a phenomenon seen, for the great majority of the research subjects, as a phenomenon connected to the most visible violence forms: the agressions. And a question always present in the public education institutions: infrastructures precariousness, high scool evasion índex and vulnerability among the pupils that makes possible to the pupil to see school as an home extension. Such dissertation concludes that the phenomenon of the violence in scools demands and requires of the most varied subjects involved in the processes na understanding of its determinants so that thus, one can intervene in such phenomenon that does not restrains itself to the physical acts of aggression, but that it is, over all, on a non respecting the different

Avaliação comparativa do ritmo de piscar em crianças normais em idade pré-escolar

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer o padrão de normalidade do ritmo de piscar em crianças normais em idade pré-escolar. MÉTODOS: Avaliaram-se 200 crianças de 4 a 6 anos, saudáveis, usando tomada de imagens digitais, nos planos frontal e lateral, em estado de vigília, em posição primária do olhar, estando o objeto de observação localizado na altura da pupila. Para a tomada das imagens foi utilizada uma filmadora Sony Lithium, sendo as mesmas gravadas em fitas 8 mm, transferidas para um computador MacIntosh G4 e processadas pelo programa iMovie, estudando-se: o tempo de abertura e o tempo de fechamento palpebral, o tempo de piscar completo e o ritmo de movimentos palpebrais por minuto, durante 3 minutos. Os resultados foram avaliados por estatística descritiva e gráfico de linhas. RESULTADOS: O piscar completo foi mais freqüente que o incompleto. O ritmo do piscar completo aumenta com o aumento da idade. Para o piscar incompleto, os valores foram semelhantes em todas as idades avaliadas. O tempo de fechamento e de abertura palpebral e o tempo de piscar completo foram semelhantes em meninos e meninas. O tempo de fechamento foi mais lento que o tempo de abertura palpebral. CONCLUSÕES: O ritmo de piscar completo aumenta com a idade. Os tempos de fechamento e de abertura palpebral e o tempo de piscar completo foram semelhantes em ambos os sexos, em todas as idades estudadas, sendo o fechamento mais lento que a abertura palpebral.

Alterações palpebrais após a idade de 50 anos

OBJETIVO: Avaliar quantitativamente as mudanças da posição palpebral e as medidas da fenda palpebral de indivíduos acima dos 50 anos. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, tendo sido avaliados 325 indivíduos, com idade acima de 50 anos, segundo distância intercantal, largura e altura da fenda palpebral, ângulo palpebral externo e interno, distância entre o reflexo pupilar e a margem da pálpebra superior (distância reflexo-margem) e a área total da fenda palpebral. Utilizou-se filmadora Sony Lithium para obtenção das imagens digitais, com o indivíduo fixando um objeto a 1 metro de distância, sendo as imagens transferidas posteriormente para computador McIntosh G4 e processadas pelo programa NIH 1.58. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Os participantes apresentavam dermatocálase (96,5%), ptose do supercílio (60,8%), prolapso de gordura orbital (50,0%) ou ptose palpebral (39,1%). As alterações foram bilaterais em 68,8% dos indivíduos. A distância intercantal aumentou com a idade; a largura da fenda palpebral, a distância reflexo-margem e a medida do ângulo externo diminuíram nos mais idosos. As diferenças foram mais significativas quando os olhos foram estudados separadamente. CONCLUSÃO: A distância intercantal aumenta, ao passo que a largura da fenda palpebral, a distância reflexo-margem e a área total da fenda palpebral diminuem com o aumento da idade.

Evaluation of Pupillary Diameter in Preschool Children

Few quantitative data exist on pupil diameter, particularly in children. In this article we describe an analysis of pupil diameter and pupil area in normal preschool children during attentive gaze (AG) and spontaneous gaze (SG) using digital imaging. The pupil diameter and pupil area of 200 preschool children aged 4 to 6 years were evaluated. The images were recorded with a digital camera, transferred to a computer, processed by movie software and submitted to the Invert filter of Adobe Photoshop (R) software. Three consecutive measures of pupil diameter and pupil area were taken for both eyes during AG and SG. Arithmetic means of each parameter were calculated and data were expressed in millimeters. Mean pupil diameter was similar for both eyes, presenting values of 4.9 mm during AG and 4.1 mm during SG. Mean pupil area was also similar for both eyes, presenting values of 15.6 mm(2) and 9.1 mm(2) during AG and SG, respectively. There were no differences between boys and girls. However, 6-year-old children showed lower pupil diameter and area under both evaluation conditions.

O treinamento da operação osteoplástica usando o seio frontal do cão

O acesso ao seio frontal usando a técnica do retalho osteoplástico está indicada em lesões que não podem ser abordadas pela via endonasal. O aprendizado da técnica pode ser realizado em cães, mas a delimitação do seio do cão, de forma como se faz no homem, não é facilmente realizável. OBJETIVO: Apresentar um método de localização e delimitação do seio frontal do cão que permita reproduzir a técnica osteoplástica. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Técnica cirúrgica em animal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: em cães traçaram-se duas linhas retas, uma delas ao longo da linha média da região frontal, outra passando pela pupila, inclinada 45º em direção à linha anterior. No ponto de intersecção, mede-se um ou um centímetro e meio para frente e um centímetro para trás. A partir destas medidas desenha-se um retângulo incompleto que delineia os limites aproximados do seio frontal. RESULTADOS: O procedimento foi realizado 12 vezes com a participação de médicos residentes. O seio frontal foi aberto facilmente em todos os animais, reproduzindo a técnica osteoplástica sem erros de localização do seio. CONCLUSÃO: O método de localização e de limitação do seio frontal do cão mostrou-se útil no ensino da técnica osteoplástica de acesso por ser reproduzível de forma realística.

A avaliação vista sob o aspecto da educação a distância

Este artigo trata da avaliação como um aspecto bastante relevante para a educação em geral, que também deve ser pensado e discutido frente à Educação a Distância (EAD). Assim, a partir de nossa experiência como professores e tendo por contexto um curso realizado totalmente à distância, analisamos algumas interações ocorridas ao longo do curso, que foi desenvolvido tendo como norte a teoria educacional construcionista. Valemo-nos também desta teoria para elaborar nossas idéias a respeito do caráter da avaliação frente a uma concepção formativa, em um ambiente de EAD, o qual valorizou todos os tipos de interação. Então, aliamos o Construcionismo1 à Avaliação Formativa que visa ao aperfeiçoamento do processo de aprendizagem do aluno em vez de buscar medir o que este aprendeu.

Avaliacao do efeito do diclofenaco de sodio topico sobre a midriase e sintomas oculares apos dilatacao pupilar

The aim of this study was evaluate the effectiveness of the sodium diclophenac on the mydriasis induced by drugs and on the tearing, blepharospasm and photophobia in normal individuals that received mydriatic or cycloplegic eyedrops. We observed that there was not increase of the pupil diameter with the use of the diclophenac (f = 0,52). The photophobia symptom was mainly present in the patients with dark iris and that received the cycloplegic drops (p < 0,01). The authors concluded that there is not benefit in the use of the sodium dyclophenac eyedrops for the mydriasis increase or the decrease of the ocular symptoms in routine ophthalmologic examination.

Palpebral dimensions in Brazilian children: Assessment based on digital images

Purpose: To determine palpebral dimensions and development in Brazilian children using digital images. Methods: An observational study was performed measuring eyelid angles, palpebral fissure area and interpupillary distance in 220 children aged from 4 to 72 months. Digital images were obtained with a Sony Lithium movie camera (Sony DCR-TRV110, Brazil) in frontal view from awake children in primary ocular position; the object of observation was located at pupil height. The images were saved to tape, transferred to a Macintosh G4 (Apple Computer Inc., USA) computer and processed using NIH 1.58 software (NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, USA). Data were submitted to statistical analysis. Results: All parameters studied increased with age. The outer palpebral angle was greater than the inner, and palpebral fissure and angles showed greater changes between 4 and 5 months old and at around 24 to 36 months. Conclusion: There are significant variations in palpebral dimensions in children under 72 months old, especially around 24 to 36 months. Copyright © 2006 Informa Healthcare.

The wood for the civil engineering: A proposal of distance education

The majority of the Brazilian schools of Civil Engineering have taught the subject works with wood in the traditional only by disciplines of Metallic Structures and Wood at a topic in the content of the program on disciplines at the Materials of Civil Construction. To extend of the wood studies is being made possible that all the pupils have a wider understanding of this material and its adapted use is the goal of the proposal, that by the means of the education modality e-learning, disclosing the first one: Module I - Introduction to the Study of the Wood. This methodology tries to use the theoretical beddings in projects that are related to the pupil daily tasks and its practical professional. The article presents the theoretical bases of the conception proposal and its structure, and at the conclusions, the problems found during its application are displayed. Basically, the methodology considers that the professor and the pupil must share the learning, and adopt it as main in the interdisciplinary.

Concurrence between the maxillary midline and bisector to the interpupillary line

Purpose: Symmetry is one of the factors that contributes to facial harmony, and in oral rehabilitation it determines the success of esthetic treatment. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the axial symmetry between the bipupillar midline and maxillary central incisors midline of 102 dental students (both genders) distributed across five Brazilian dental schools. Materials and Methods: Students with no teeth missing and who had never been subjected to any dental treatment were selected. Photographs were taken with a Dental Eye III camera with a 100-mm macro objective and ratio of 1 : 10 from natural size, recorded on an Ektachrome ASA/ISO 100 film. The images were developed and applied to Microsoft Office Power Point 2007 software. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance and Student's t-test (= 0.05). Results: There was no significant correlation between bipupillar midline and the maxillary dental midline, irrespective of gender. Conclusion: No significant coincidence was observed between the interpupillary and dental midline. However, the interpupillar distance and its relationship with other anatomic structures may be used as a reference in treatment, but measurements must be assessed individually. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Anatomic measurements and facial proportions can be helpful during the planning of esthetic oral rehabilitation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Achieving educational quality: what schools teach us: learning from Chile's P900 primary schools

Includes bibliography

What schools teach us about educating poor children in Chile?

Includes bibliography

Leitura de jornais em famílias de estudantes de escola pública de ensino fundamental

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Análise discursiva de dicionários de língua portuguesa

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

O educador e a leitura de images

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA