山东西部中生代碳酸岩和火山岩的地球化学特征及其成因研究

On account of some very peculiar features, such as extremely high Sr and Nd contents which can buffer their primary isotopic signatures against crustal contamination, deep-seated origin within mantle, and quick ascent in lithosphere, carbonatites are very suitable for deciphering the nature of sub-continental lithospheric mantle(SCLM) and receiving widespread attentions all around the world. The Mesozoic carbonatites located in western Shandong was comprehensively investigated in this dissertation. The extremely high REE concentrations, similar spider diagrams to most other carbonatites around the world and high Sr. low Mn contents of apatite from carbonatites confirm their igneous origin. The K depletion of carbonatites from this studies reflect the co-existing of carbonatite melts with pargasite+phlogopite lherzolite rather than phlogopite lherzolite. Geological characteristics and their occumng without associated silicate rocks argue against their origin of fractionation of or liquid immisibility with carbonated silicate melts. In contrast to the low S7Sr/86Sr and high l43Nd/l44Nd of other carbonatites in the world, carbonatites of this studies show EMU features with high S7Sr/86Sr and low l4jNd/144Nd ratios, which imply that this enriched nature was formed through metasomatism of enriched mantle preexisted beneath the Sino-korean craton by partial melts of subducted middle-lower crust of Yangtze craton. In addition to carbonatites, the coeval Mesozoic volcanic rocks from western Shandong were also studied in this dissertation. Mengyin and Pingyi volcanic rocks, which located in the south parts of western Shandong are shoshonite geochemically. while volcanic rocks cropped out in other places are high-K calc-alkaline series. All these volcanic rocks enriched in LREE and LILE. depleted in HFSE, and show TNT(strong negative anomalies in Ta, Nb. Ti) patterns in spider diagrams which are common phenomena in arc-related volcanic rocks. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic systematics reveal that the volcanic rocks decrease gradually in 87Sr/86Sr, 206Pb/204Pb, 20SPb/204Pb and increase in TDM from south to north, suggesting the distinction of SCLM beneath Shandong in Mesozoic is more explicit in south-north trending than in east-west trending. The variable features of SCLM can be attributed to the subduction of Yangtze craton beneath Sino-Korean craton, and subsequent metasomatism of SCLM by partial melts of Yangtze lower crust in different extent.

安多地区早中侏罗世岩浆岩岩石地球化学和同位素年代学研究及其对构造演化的制约

Anduo area is located in the Central Tibet, the middle segment of the Bangonghu-Nujiang suture. Anduo Block is the northern part of Lhasa terrane. The relationships among the different geological bodies were determined during the 1: 250000 regional geological surveying. Petrography, petrologic geochemistry, isotopic geochemistry and geochronology of igneous rocks from the suture and granitoids from Anduo Block were analyzed systematically as a whole for the first time. Then, their tectonic setting and history are discussed.Anduo ophiolitic melange consists of metamorphic peridotites, cumulates, plagiogranites, sheeted dykes swarm, pillow lava and radiolarian cherts. The concentration of Cr and Ni in the metamorphic peridotites is very high, with Mg# about 0.94 ~ 0.97, higher 87Sr/86Sr and Pb isotopic ratios, and lower 143Nd/i44Nd ratio. LREE is enriched relative to HREE and positive Eu anomaly is very clear. The REE distribution curve is U shape. Nb and Ta anomalies from cumulate gabbro and sheeted dyke swarm are not clear, while that are slightly negative from pillow lava. Plagiogranite belongs to strong calc-alkaline series with high Si, middle Al, low Fe, Mg and low K contents. Eu anomaly (~ 1.23) from plagiogranites is slightly positive. The character of all components of ophiolite is similar to that of the MORB, while to some extent the ophiolite was influenced by crustal material. Anduo ophiolite formed in a mature back-arc basin. Additionally, intermediate acidity volcanic rocks within Anduo phiolite melange are island arc calc-alkline rocks related to ocean subduction.The early-middle Jurassic plutonic rocks are tonalite, granodiorite bearing-phenocryst, magaporphyritic hornblende monzogranite, magaporphyritic monzogranite, monzogranite bearing-phenocryst and syenogranite in turn. They belong to calc-alkaline series which developed from middle K to high K series temporally. REE distribution curves of all plutonic rocks are similar and parallel to each other. SREE and negative Eu anomaly values decrease. In the multi-element spider diagram, the curves of different plutons are similar to each other, but troughs of Nb, Sr, P and Ti from young plutons become more evident. This suggests that thereare some closely petrogenetic affinities among plutonic rocks which make up amagma plutonism cycle of the early-middle Jurassic. Magma source is mainly crustal,but abundant mafic microgranular enclaves within granitoids indicate that crastalmagma should be mixed with mantle-derived magma and the mantle-derived magmadecreased subsequently. Tonalite has features of I-type granite, magaporphyriticmonzogranite is transition type, and monzogranite bearing-phenocryst is S-typegranite. The characteristic of granitoids from Anduo Block suggest that the formingtectonic setting is active continental margin.Reliable zircon U-Pb SHRIMP ages are obtained in the study area firstly. Plagiogranite from the Anduo ophiolite of the Bangonghu-Nujiang suture is 175.1 Ma, and granitoids from Anduo Block is 172.6-185.4 Ma. Additionally, plagioclase from the plagiogranite dates a 40Ar/39Ar age of 144 Ma, while biotite and hornblend from granitoids of Anduo Block give a 163-165 Ma.Similar cooling ages of plagiogranite from the Anduo ophiolitic melange and granitoids from Anduo Block and the spatial distribution of the ophiolitic rocks between Anduo, Naqu, and Shainzha area suggest that bilateral subduction of the Bangonghu-Nujiang oceanic basin took place in the early-middle Jurassic. During this subduction, Anduo ophiolitic rocks were related to north subduction of the Bangonghu-Nujiang oceanic basin and Anduo back-arc basin spreading, while granitoids from Anduo Block were related to south subduction.

层控夕卡岩型矿床成矿系统的元素活动性及质量迁移——以铜陵冬瓜山铜矿床为例

应用改善了的质量平衡方程研究冬瓜山层控夕卡岩型铜矿床成矿系统的元素活动性及质量迁移,结果表明:系统中Zr ,Hf ,Y和Nb 为不活动元素,其余均为活动元素。主量元素中仅CaO 为迁出组分,其质量迁移量为84 % ,其余均为带入组分,带入量最大的SiO2 的质量迁移量高达2384 %;稀土元素均为带入组分,其中,中稀土较轻稀土和重稀土的活动性更强;其它微量元素中,带入序列由强到弱为:Cr →Ta →Sn →Th ,迁出序列由强至弱依次为:U →Sb →Ni →Sr →Ba →Rb →Co →W;成矿元素Cu 和Ag 为带入组分,其中Cu 的带入量最大,质量迁移量高达1200 %。本文还得出两点具普适性认识: ①稀土元素较其它微量元素对体系条件的变化更为敏感,且往往表现出明显的规律性变化,能更好地示踪地质地球化学过程。②不同元素在不同体系中的行为特征差异极大,仅凭经验判定某一元素为不活动元素往往不可靠。因此,在开展质量平衡研究时,首先采用适当方法确认体系的不活动元素是一项不可或缺的前提工作。

湘东北中生代基性岩脉岩石地球化学及构造意义

湘东北中生代发育以辉绿岩和煌斑岩类为代表的基性岩脉，属陆内拉斑玄武岩属于碱性系列。岩石富集LREE，δEu负异常不明显，其形成主要受软流圈地幔部分熔融作用制约。煌斑岩类微量元素总体上具有洋岛玄武岩（OIB）岩浆源区特征，富集Nb、P、Cs而K、Rb、Sr、U、Th等富集程度不明显，Ta、Nb略有富集。辉绿岩类表现出Na、Nb、Ti亏损，但LILE并不富休，反映地壳染程度的增强。基性岩脉形成于陆内拉张带的构造环境，岩浆活动未受到中生生代大洋板块俯冲的影响。基性岩脉在时、空及物质组成上与湘南玄武质岩石基本一致，属于整个湘东南岩石张拉－减薄带的一部分。

湘南汝城盆地火山岩岩石地球化学及其成因意义

汝城盆地基性火山岩系由辉绿岩、玄武岩和玄武质火山碎屑岩组成，属于低钾拉斑玄武岩系。基性火山岩系具有同一岩浆源区。岩石微量元素出现弱的LILE富集和Ta，Nb，Ti的亏损。强不相容元素比值反映岩浆源区明显偏离原始地幔组分，具有富集型异常地幔岩浆源区特征。岩浆源区同时受到地壳物质混染和来自先前消减残留板片流体或熔体交代的双重改造作用。在陆内拉张构造条件下富集型异常地幔岩浆源区的部分熔融是制约汝城盆地基性火山岩形成的主要因素。

湘东南汝城盆地基性岩元素地球化学及其大地构造环境

汝城盆地基性岩由辉绿岩、玄武岩和玄武质火山碎屑岩组成，属于低钾拉斑玄武岩系。玄武岩全岩K—Ar年龄为128．4±4．2Ma，辉绿岩全岩K—Ar年龄为112．1±3．2Ma。元素地球化学分析表明，火山岩系具有相同的岩浆源区，其形成以部分熔融方式为主。岩石微量元素出现大离子亲石元素(LILE)的富集和Ta、Nb、Ti的亏损。强不相容元素比值反映岩浆源区明显偏离原始地幔组分，具有富集型地幔岩浆源区特征。岩浆源区受到地壳物质混染和来自消减残留板片析出流体或熔体交代的改造作用。汝城盆地基性岩形成于陆内拉张带(初始裂谷)构造环境，其强烈拉张时期与华南南岭地区的主要拉张时期(120Ma)相对应。

湘东南汝城盆地火山岩的元素地球化学及源区性质讨论

湘东南汝城盆地火山岩系由辉绿岩、玄武岩和玄武质火山碎屑岩组成，属于低钾拉斑玄武岩系。玄武岩全岩K—Ar年龄为(128．4±4．2)Ma，辉绿岩全岩K—Ar年龄为(112．1±3．2)Ma。元素地球化学分析表明火山岩系具有同一岩浆源区，其形成以部分熔融方式为主。岩石微量元素出现大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、U的富集和高场强元素Ta、Nb、Ti的亏损。强不相容元素含量的比值表明岩浆源区明显偏离原始地幔组分，具有富集型地幔的特征。岩浆源区主要受到地壳物质混染以及来自消减残留板片析出流体的交代改造作用。

云南金平白马寨含矿镁铁-超镁铁岩体岩石地球化学

摘要云南金平白马寨铜镍硫化物矿床含矿岩体为侵位在奥陶系砂页岩的镁铁-超镁铁环状杂岩体。从岩体核心到边缘依次出现橄榄岩-橄榄辉石岩-辉石岩-辉长岩的岩相分带。该岩体的主量元素显示拉斑玄武岩岩浆分异演化的趋势。REE显示富集LREE的配分模式，具明显的Eu异常。微量元素蛛网图显示明显的Ta、Nb、Ti及P的负异常。具有高（^86 Sr／^86 Sr），（0．710974～0．722667）和低εNd（t）（-13．17～-12．09）的特征。微量元素和同位素地球化学证据表明，岩浆源于俯冲地壳物质改造的富集地幔，岩浆上升过程中遭受了一定的地壳物质混染。岩体可能是在弧后拉张的构造环境中形成.

云南白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩^40Ar-^39Ar定年和地球化学特征

云南白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩全部为云煌岩.两个样品的^40Ar/^39Ar定年结果分别为32.46±0.62Ma和32.01±0.60Ma,表明矿区煌斑岩为哀牢山断裂带新生代早期高钾岩浆活动的产物.在化学组成上,矿区煌斑岩具有高M值[100×Mg/（Mg＋Fe^2＋）]（67.42～86.35）、高ALK（K2O＋Na2O为7.01%～9.81%）、富钾（K2O/Na2O为1.66～2.64）、富大离子亲石元素（如Sr、Rb、Ba等）和LREE、明显的Ta、Nb、Ti负异常的特征.Sr-Nd同位素具有高（^87Sr/^86Sr）0比值（0.70625～0.70912）和低εNd（-5.22～-3.68）的特征,位于EM1和EM2地幔端元之间,有更靠近EM2的趋势.元素和同位素地球化学特征表明矿区煌斑岩的源区为交代富集地幔,进一步判别表明源岩处于尖晶石相方辉橄榄岩和石榴石相二辉橄榄岩的混合线上,以尖晶石相方辉橄榄岩为主.源区交代富集的矿物既有金云母,也有角闪石.岩浆演化过程中经历了橄榄石＋斜长石±磷灰石±铁钛氧化物的结晶分异.岩浆形成于大陆弧的构造背景,俯冲的陆壳和古特提斯洋壳对富集的源区均有贡献.白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩和哀牢山断裂带新生代早期其它高钾岩浆岩具有相近的年代、一致的地球化学特征,表明它们具有相似的源区,受控于相同的构造背景.

湘东北蕉溪岭富钠煌斑岩地球化学特征

湘东北蕉溪岭富钠煌斑岩是产于陆内拉张环境的一组特殊的岩石类型，包括闪斜煌斑岩、棕闪煌斑岩、闪辉正煌岩等。在岩石化学组成上，SiO2为45．78％－48．42％，K2O＋Na2O为5．05％－6．56％，属于碱性玄武岩系列，岩石以富集Na2O、TiO2、＜FeO＞、MgO，尤其以富钠为特征，K2O/Na2O平均值为0．41，在煌斑岩分类中属于钠质碱性煌斑岩。岩石∑REE较高，富LREE，不出现铕负异常，δEu平均值为1．04。岩石Rb-Sr等时线年龄为136．61Ma。岩石微量元素组成具有洋岛玄武岩（OIB）型特征，HREE明显亏损，不出现Ta、Nb、Ti的亏损以及LILE富集不明显，表明岩浆源区与岛弧环境无关，并且地壳物质混染程度很低。^87Sr/^86Sr初始比值0．705308－0．705366，εNd(t)为＋3．5－＋3．8，^143Nd/^144Nd初始比值0．512639－0．512654，具有较为均一的洋岛玄武岩（OIB）地幔源区性质，并且位于地幔排列线附近。推测区内存在地幔柱构造环境，岩石的形成是在软流圈地幔上涌条件下导致深剖地幔部分熔融产物，富钠碱性煌斑岩应具有其自身岩浆源。

白云鄂博超大型Fe-Nb-REE矿床碳酸盐脉状体的包裹体研究

白云鄂博矿床是世界上最大的Fe-Nb-REE矿床,其矿床成因一直是中外地质学家争论的焦点.而矿床附近的碳酸盐脉状体则成为赋矿白云岩岩浆成因的直接因素,该文拟从包裹体的角度对矿区碳酸盐脉状体进行研究,对其成因进行探讨,并对其与赋矿白云岩的关系作初步的讨论.通过对碳酸盐脉状体包裹体在包裹体类型,组合,均一温度,盐度,成分等方面的研究,发现不同区域,不同产状的碳酸盐脉状体包裹体特征存在较大的差异,这反映了其在岩石成因方面的差异:(1)都拉哈拉和尖山附近:为典型的岩浆成因;(2)宽沟背斜核部:可能是富碳酸盐盐熔体侵入构造裂隙形成的;(3)白云镇东北部(CV31,CV32)可能为侵入到混合岩中的热液脉;(4)东介勒格勒以南:具有明显的沉积特征.