Raíces estéticas de la música cubana, antecedentes de la canción popular, variantes y tipos (1800-1934): un estudio intercultural

192 p.

O laboratório da Doutrina dos Nervos: autoria e autoridade em Thomas Willis

A presente pesquisa trata da análise da fundação da Neurologia. A maioria das obras que abordam o assunto a partir de uma perspectiva histórica, sobretudo, aquelas que privilegiam uma visão positivista, para a qual a investigação caminharia em direção a um ponto estático, tendem a alcançar o médico inglês seiscentista, Thomas Willis, como o inconteste precursor dessa já estabelecida especialidade médica. Nossa proposta é a de desconstruir essa ideia. A nosso ver, a historicidade do discurso científico estaria sempre em constante expansão e também em uma contínua transformação, pois diferentemente do ideal positivista, o instaurador do que Foucault designava como cientificidade não seria o descobridor de um objeto dado desde sempre, na medida em que seria enganoso supor uma história natural de um objeto cultural o objeto da história das ciências. Resta-nos, portanto, tentar compreender o sentido em que Willis funda o que ele mesmo denominava Doutrina dos Nervos. Entendemos que Willis instituiu um novo arquivo audiovisual, ou seja, uma nova articulação entre o visível e o enunciável, no que tange aos nervos. Propomos, enfim, que no horizonte da fundação a nova imbricação entre forma de representação e forma de vida emerge no mesmo processo em que Willis se consagra como um autor médico e cientista dos nervos.

Humpback and Fin Whaling in the Gulf of Maine from 1800 to 1918

The history of whaling in the Gulf of Maine was reviewed primarily to estimate removals of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, especially during the 19th century. In the decades from 1800 to 1860, whaling effort consisted of a few localized, small-scale, shore-based enterprises on the coast of Maine and Cape Cod, Mass. Provincetown and Nantucket schooners occasionally conducted short cruises for humpback whales in New England waters. With the development of bomb-lance technology at mid century, the ease of killing humpback whales and fin whales, Balaenoptera physalus, increased. As a result, by the 1870’s there was considerable local interest in hunting rorquals (baleen whales in the family Balaenopteridae, which include the humpback and fin whales) in the Gulf of Maine. A few schooners were specially outfitted to take rorquals in the late 1870’s and 1880’s although their combined annual take was probably no more than a few tens of whales. Also in about 1880, fishing steamers began to be used to hunt whales in the Gulf of Maine. This steamer fishery grew to include about five vessels regularly engaged in whaling by the mid 1880’s but dwindled to only one vessel by the end of the decade. Fin whales constituted at least half of the catch, which exceeded 100 animals in some years. In the late 1880’s and thereafter, few whales were taken by whaling vessels in the Gulf of Maine.

Charles Henry Gilbert (1859-1928), Naturalist-in-Charge: the 1906 North Pacific Expedition of the Steamer Albatross

Fishery science pioneers often faced challenges in their field work that are mostly unknown to modern biologists. Some of the travails faced by ichthyologist and, later, fishery biologist Charles Henry Gilbert (1859-1928) during his service as Naturalist-in-Charge of the North Pacific cruise ofthe U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer Albatross in 1906, are described here, as are accomplishments of the cruise. The vessel left San Francisco, Calif., on 3 May 1906, just after the great San Francisco earthquake, for scientific exploration of waters of the Aleutian islands, Bering Sea, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and Japan, returning to San Francisco in December. Because the expedition occurred just after the war between Japan and Russia of 1904-05 floating derelict mines in Japanese waters were often a menace. Major storms caused havoc in the region, and the captain of the Albatross, Lieutenant Commander LeRoy Mason Garrett (1857-1906), U.S.N., was lost at sea, apparently thrown from the vessel during a sudden storm on the return leg of the cruise. Despite such obstacles, Gilbert and the Albatross successfully completed their assigned chores. They occupied 339 dredging and 48 hydrographic stations, and discovered over 180 new species of fishes and many new species of invertebrates. The expedition's extensive biological collections spawned over 30 descriptive publications, some of which remain today as standards of knowledge.

A vida do artista e a crise da modernidade: uma leitura de Morte em Veneza, de Thomas Mann

Este trabalho busca compreender os problemas enfrentados pelo artista burguês para o cultivo de sua alma sem diante do problema da crise da modernidade. Entre os séculos XIX e XX a autonomização do mundo e a fragmentação da cultura em duas esferas distintas objetiva e subjetiva tornaram a vida cotidiana uma perspectiva problemática para aqueles que desejavam atingir um nível elevado de suas almas. Nesse sentido, a obra Morte em Veneza (1912) de Thomas Mann conta a história de um artista Gustav Aschenbach que rejeita o mundo e seus sentimentos no intuito de explorar um ideal estético clássico e impossível de se articular com a realidade. A história narra a trajetória desse artista do momento em que decide deixar a Alemanha, seu país natal, rumo à Veneza, no intuito de recuperar-se da exaustão que o exercício do trabalho vocacionado lhe impõe. Mostraremos que Veneza assume, sob tal perspectiva, um papel de grande relevância, pois se relaciona de maneira direta ao ideal de vida do artista. E será em Veneza que Aschenbach encontrará na figura de um garoto a manifestação real de seus anseios idealísticos do belo. Tal encontro produzirá, no artista, um descontrole e uma anarquia de sentimentos que o levará diretamente ao abismo.

Survey and impact assessment of derelict fish traps in St. Thomas and St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands

Since 2001, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment’s (CCMA) Biogeography Branch (BB) has been working with federal and territorial partners to characterize, monitor, and assess the status of the marine environment across the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). At the request of the St. Thomas Fisherman’s Association (STFA) and NOAA Marine Debris Program, CCMA BB developed new partnerships and novel technologies to scientifically assess the threat from derelict fish traps (DFTs). Traps are the predominant gear used for finfish and lobster harvesting in St. Thomas and St. John. Natural phenomena (ground swells, hurricanes) and increasing competition for space by numerous user groups have generated concern about increasing trap loss and the possible ecological, as well as economic, ramifications. Prior to this study, there was a general lack of knowledge regarding derelict fish traps in the Caribbean. No spatially explicit information existed regarding fishing effort, abundance and distribution of derelict traps, the rate at which active traps become derelict, or areas that are prone to dereliction. Furthermore, there was only limited information regarding the impacts of derelict traps on natural resources including ghost fishing. This research identified two groups of fishing communities in the region: commercial fishing that is most active in deeper waters (30 m and greater) and an unknown number of unlicensed subsistence and or commercial fishers that fish closer to shore in shallower waters (30 m and less). In the commercial fishery there are an estimated 6,500 active traps (fish and lobster combined). Of those traps, nearly 8% (514) were reported lost during the 2008-2010 period. Causes of loss/dereliction include: movement of the traps or loss of trap markers due to entanglement of lines by passing vessels; theft; severe weather events (storms, large ground swells); intentional disposal by fishermen; traps becoming caught on various bottom structures (natural substrates, wrecks, etc.); and human error.

An assessment of chemical contaminants detected in passive water samplers deployed in the St. Thomas East End Reserves (STEER)

This report is the second in a series from a project to assess land-based sources of pollution (LBSP) and effects in the St. Thomas East End Reserves (STEER) in St. Thomas, USVI, and is the result of a collaborative effort between NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, the USVI Department of Planning and Natural Resources, the University of the Virgin Islands, and The Nature Conservancy. Passive water samplers (POCIS) were deployed in the STEER in February 2012. Developed by the US Geological Survey (USGS) as a tool to detect the presence of water soluble contaminants in the environment, POCIS samplers were deployed in the STEER at five locations. In addition to the February 2012 deployment, the results from an earlier POCIS deployment in May 2010 in Turpentine Gut, a perennial freshwater stream which drains to the STEER, are also reported. A total of 26 stormwater contaminants were detected at least once during the February 2012 deployment in the STEER. Detections were high enough to estimate ambient water concentrations for nine contaminants using USGS sampling rate values. From the May 2010 deployment in Turpentine Gut, 31 stormwater contaminants were detected, and ambient water concentrations could be estimated for 17 compounds. Ambient water concentrations were estimated for a number of contaminants including the detergent/surfactant metabolite 4-tert-octylphenol, phthalate ester plasticizers DEHP and DEP, bromoform, personal care products including menthol, indole, n,n-diethyltoluamide (DEET), along with the animal/plant sterol cholesterol, and the plant sterol beta-sitosterol. Only DEHP appeared to have exceeded a water quality guideline for the protection of aquatic organisms.