Horbat Kur — 2011 Preliminary Report

Published in English and Hebrew

Report on 2010-2013 Excavations at Horvat Kur, Galilee

Four seasons of excavations at Horvat Kur in the Galilee (250570/754485) have exposed the remains of a broadhouse synagogue from the Byzantine period. The building was entered through a portico on the west or a doorway on the south. The fill beneath the portico included the discarded remains of a once colored mosaic as well as more than 1000 coins. A low bench of basalt stones (some of which were plastered) runs along the interior walls, interrupted only by a stone bemah in the center of the southern wall. The synagogue is thus oriented toward Jerusalem. Near the bemah, an ornamented limestone seat was found in situ atop the bench. The building underwent several changes and repairs in the course of its lifespan. On either side of the bemah, north-south rows of columns rested on stylobate. A basalt stone table was found in re-use in the eastern stylobate. Nicknamed “the Horvat Kur stone,” this monolith features geometric figures on three sides and figurative representations on one side. Its original function is as yet subject of research. A narrow test-trench into the sediment of a cistern located outside the northern wall of the synagogue has produced nearly thirty intact vessels of the early Byzantine period, mostly cooking pots and water jars. In addition a dense sequence of pollen samples has been taken. Preliminary interpretation of these finds indicates that the Horvat Kur synagogue illustrates Byzantine synagogue construction, decoration, and use in the setting of a Galilean village of modest economic circumstances.

Pathways to care in subjects at high risk for psychotic disorders — A European perspective

Evidence-based decisions on indicated prevention in early psychosis require large-scale studies on the pathways to care in high-risk subjects. EPOS (The European Prediction of Psychosis Study), a prospective multi-center, naturalistic field study in four European countries (Finland, Germany, The Netherlands and England), was designed to acquire accurate knowledge about pathways to care and delay in obtaining specialized high risk care. Our high risk sample (n=233) reported on average 2.9 help-seeking contacts, with an average delay between onset of relevant problems to initial help-seeking contact of 72.6 weeks, and between initial help-seeking contact and reaching specialized high risk care of 110.9 weeks. This resulted in a total estimated duration of an unrecognized risk for psychosis of 3 ½ years. Across EPOS EU regions, about 90% of care pathway contacts were within professional health care sectors. Between EPOS regions, differences in the pathways parameters including early detection and health-care systems were often very pronounced. High-risk participants who later made transition to a full psychotic disorder had significantly longer delays between initial help-seeking and receiving appropriate interventions. Our study underlines the need for regionally adapted implementation of early detection and intervention programs within respective mental health and health care networks, including enhancing public awareness of early psychosis.

The Kinneret Regional Project Excavations of a Byzantine Synagogue at Horvat Kur, Galilee, 2010-2013: A Preliminary Report

The article presents the preliminary results from four seasons of excavations at Horvat Kur in the Galilee. The excavations conducted by the Kinneret Regional Project have exposed the remains of a broad-house synagogue from the Byzantine period. The most important finds include an elevated platform (i. e., a bemah) that supported a chest holding Torah scrolls, an ornamented limestone seat that was probably used by the leader of the congregation, and a basalt stone table that features geometric figures on three sides and figurative representations on one side. The Horvat Kur synagogue represents a valuable example of the diversity of Galilean synagogues that were built or renovated between the 5th and the 7th centuries C.E.

Depression predicts persistence of paranoia in clinical high-risk patients to psychosis: results of the EPOS project.

BACKGROUND The link between depression and paranoia has long been discussed in psychiatric literature. Because the causality of this association is difficult to study in patients with full-blown psychosis, we aimed to investigate how clinical depression relates to the presence and occurrence of paranoid symptoms in clinical high-risk (CHR) patients. METHODS In all, 245 young help-seeking CHR patients were assessed for suspiciousness and paranoid symptoms with the structured interview for prodromal syndromes at baseline, 9- and 18-month follow-up. At baseline, clinical diagnoses were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, childhood adversities by the Trauma and Distress Scale, trait-like suspiciousness by the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, and anxiety and depressiveness by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. RESULTS At baseline, 54.3 % of CHR patients reported at least moderate paranoid symptoms. At 9- and 18-month follow-ups, the corresponding figures were 28.3 and 24.4 %. Depressive, obsessive-compulsive and somatoform disorders, emotional and sexual abuse, and anxiety and suspiciousness associated with paranoid symptoms. In multivariate modelling, depressive and obsessive-compulsive disorders, sexual abuse, and anxiety predicted persistence of paranoid symptoms. CONCLUSION Depressive disorder was one of the major clinical factors predicting persistence of paranoid symptoms in CHR patients. In addition, obsessive-compulsive disorder, childhood sexual abuse, and anxiety associated with paranoia. Effective pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment of these disorders and anxiety may reduce paranoid symptoms in CHR patients.

Psychometric properties of the Trauma and Distress Scale, TADS, in an adult community sample in Finland

BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that a history of childhood abuse and neglect is not uncommon among individuals who experience mental disorder and that childhood trauma experiences are associated with adult psychopathology. Although several interview and self-report instruments for retrospective trauma assessment have been developed, many focus on sexual abuse (SexAb) rather than on multiple types of trauma or adversity. METHODS: Within the European Prediction of Psychosis Study, the Trauma and Distress Scale (TADS) was developed as a new self-report assessment of multiple types of childhood trauma and distressing experiences. The TADS includes 43 items and, following previous measures including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, focuses on five core domains: emotional neglect (EmoNeg), emotional abuse (EmoAb), physical neglect (PhyNeg), physical abuse (PhyAb), and SexAb.This study explores the psychometric properties of the TADS (internal consistency and concurrent validity) in 692 participants drawn from the general population who completed a mailed questionnaire, including the TADS, a depression self-report and questions on help-seeking for mental health problems. Inter-method reliability was examined in a random sample of 100 responders who were reassessed in telephone interviews. RESULTS: After minor revisions of PhyNeg and PhyAb, internal consistencies were good for TADS totals and the domain raw score sums. Intra-class coefficients for TADS total score and the five revised core domains were all good to excellent when compared to the interviewed TADS as a gold standard. In the concurrent validity analyses, the total TADS and its all core domains were significantly associated with depression and help-seeking for mental problems as proxy measures for traumatisation. In addition, robust cutoffs for the total TADS and its domains were calculated. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the TADS as a valid, reliable, and clinically useful instrument for assessing retrospectively reported childhood traumatisation.

Silta- ja rumpurakenteiden aukkomitoitus

Ilmastomallien mukaan sademäärät kasvavat kaikkialla suomessa. Sadeolojen ennustetaan äärevöityvän eli yhtäältä esiintyy pitkiä kuivia kausia ja toisaalta rankkasateet voimistuvat ja toistuvat nykyistä useammin. Etelä-Suomessa talviaika lyhenee ja lumipeite jää ohuemmaksi. Vesisateiden osuus kokonaissadannasta kasvaa ja tämä lisää talviaikaisia valuntoja. Etelä-Suomessa lumipeitteen ohenemisen vuoksi sulamisvesistä syntyvä kevätylivirtaama jää nykyistä pienemmäksi ja vuotuinen ylivirtaama-ajankohta sattuu useammin muuksi kuin kevääksi. Pohjois-Suomessa talviaikaiset sateet ovat tulevaisuudessakin suurimmaksi osaksi lunta. Vaikka lumipeitteinen aika lyhenee sielläkin, sademäärien kasvu saattaa lisätä lumipeitteen vesiarvoja ja kasvattaa sulamisvesien aiheuttamia kevätylivirtaamia (RATU, Water Adapt). Tämä korostaa silta- ja rumpuaukkojen riittävän mitoittamisen tärkeyttä. Useimmat ELY-keskukset ovat luopuneet aukkolausuntojen antamisesta. Oppaan tarkoituksena on antaa aukkomitoituksia tekeville henkilöille tietoa laskentaperusteista ja hyväksi koetuista toimintatavoista. Oppaan avulla on mahdollista luoda yhtenäinen käytäntö silta- ja rumpuaukkojen mitoituksessa. Samalla sen toivotaan korostavan hyvän suunnittelun merkitystä siltojen ja rumpujen rakentamisessa. Tämän oppaan pohjana on ollut siltojen ja rumpujen mitoitusta koskeva osa vesihallituksen vuoden 1986 julkaisusta ”Maankuivatuksen suunnittelu I osa”, joka on korvattu vuonna 2015 päivitetyllä julkaisulla ”Maan-kuivatuksen ja kastelun suunnittelu”. Opas sisältää tietoa sillan ja rummun vesiaukon mitoittamisesta. Suosittelemalla nykyistä harvemmin esiintyviä mitoitusvirtaamia pyritään pienentämään riskejä. Ohjeita aukon aiheuttaman padotuksen määrittämiseksi on selkeytetty. Oppaassa on kiinnitetty aiempaa enemmän huomiota myös aukkorakenteiden haitallisten ympäristövaikutusten ehkäisyyn. Taustalla on yhteiseurooppalaisen vesipolitiikan vaatimus vapaasta ja yhtenäisestä uomajatkumosta. Sen tila ei voi olla ekologisesti hyvä, jos silta- ja rumpurakenteet katkaisevat jatkumon. Suomen ympäristökeskus on julkaissut oppaan alun perin vuonna 2007 nimellä ”Silta- ja rumpulausunnot – Luonnos oppaaksi”. Julkaisun tekemiseen on osallistunut asiantuntijoita Suomen ympäristökeskuksesta ja ELY-keskuksista sekä konsulttina yli-insinööri Raimo K. Nissinen. Peruskuivatuksen ja ojitustoimitusten toimintamalliryhmä on päivittänyt opasta ottaen huomioon vuonna 2012 voimaan tulleen vesilainsäädännön uudistuksen (587 / 2011) sekä aluehallinnossa ja ympäristöhallinnossa tapahtuneet