English L2 Learners’ Speech – And How the Spoken Language Course Affects Its Lexical Richness

Tässä sivuaineen tutkielmassa tarkasteltiin englannin kielen sanaston kehitystä lukion vieraan kielen syventävän suullisen kurssin aikana. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin, miten oppilaiden sanastollinen rikkaus muuttuu puhutussa kielessä. Sanastollista rikkautta analysoitiin sanastollisen variaation ja sanastollisen tiheyden mittareilla. Työssä hyödynnettiin pitkittäistutkimusasetelmaa eli verrattiin yhden oppilasryhmän puhetta sekä ennen lukion englannin kielen suullista kurssia että sen jälkeen. Osanottajia oli yhteensä yhdeksän, jotka kaikki olivat lukion toisella vuosikurssilla. Osallistujien tekemät suulliset testit olivat osa Turun yliopiston keräämää tutkimuskäyttöön tarkoitettua materiaalia. Äänitteistä tehdyt transkriptiot muokattiin tätä tutkimusta varten sopiviksi, jonka jälkeen niistä mitattiin sanastollista rikkautta erilaisilla mittareilla. Aineistoa tutkittiin määrällisin menetelmin. Tulokset osoittavat, että keskimääräisesti sekä puheen sanastollinen variaatio että sanastollinen tiheys kehittyivät kurssin aikana hiukan. Toisin sanoen oppilaat käyttivät kurssin jälkeen tehdyssä testissä aavistuksen verran monipuolisempaa sanastoa, ja sisältösanojen osuus kieliopillisiin sanoihin nähden oli hieman suurempi kuin ennen kurssia. Kurssin aikana oppilaiden aktiivisessa sanavarastossa tapahtunut kehitys ei kuitenkaan ollut tilastollisesti merkitsevää. Lisäksi tutkimus osoitti, että osallistujien väliset erot olivat suuria, mutta erot tasoittuivat jonkin verran kurssin jälkeen. Tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan olettaa englannin kielen suullisen kurssin sekä lisänneen oppilaiden sanastollista rikkautta että tasoittaneen yksilöllisiä eroja, yhdessä monien muiden mahdollisten tekijöiden kanssa. Tutkimusotoksen pienuuden vuoksi tuloksia ei kuitenkaan voida yleistää. Jatkossa olisi mielenkiintoista laajentaa tutkimusnäkökulmaa koskemaan muitakin sanastollisen rikkauden osa-alueita kuten sanastollista sofistikaatiota. Olisi myös mielenkiintoista sisällyttää tutkimukseen oppilaiden passsiivisen sanavaraston mittaaminen ja mahdollisesti tutkia englannin kielen suullisen kurssin vaikutuksia oppilaiden suullisen kielitaidon kehittymiseen laajemminkin kuin vain sanavaraston osalta.

Benefits and challenges of Enterprise Resource Planning for Pakistani SMEs

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software is used to combine all the functions happening inside the organization with the help of one software. All the data is centralized which makes it easy to manage information for all participants. The literature on ERP is studied thoroughly the whole process of adoption till the implementation and final evaluations. But studies that focus on small and medium sized enterprises are limited in number when compared to the large scale enterprises. In case of Pakistan, research is very limited. In this thesis, the author tries to analyze the current status of SMEs usage of ERP system. The benefits obtained and challenges faced by SMEs of Pakistan are studied. Framework presented by Shang and Seddon (2000) is used to understand the benefits obtained by the SMEs in Pakistan. This is a comprehensive framework that classifies the benefits obtained by the ERP adoption, into five categories: operational benefits, managerial benefits, Strategic benefits, IT benefits, and Organizational benefits. The results show that SMEs of Pakistan are also getting many benefits after adoption of ERP. Most of the firms had implemented SAP software. Operational benefits were mentioned by all the firms. The most important benefits were report generation, quick access to critical information, better product and cost planning. Respondents also mentioned that they had reduced corruption as a result of ERP implementation. It is also an important benefit considering high corruption rate in Pakistan. Along with benefits, challenges faced by Pakistani SMEs included infrastructure problems like electricity, difficulties with integration of one module with other module, costs of adoption and lack of skilled ERP consultants. Further studies in this regard can be conducted on cloud based ERP which is fast growing all around the world.

Modernizing human resource management : the importance of values-based leadership in the Canadian federal public service /

Over the past several decades, many theories have been advanced as to why efforts to reform the public service have met with only limited success. Clearly, the role of leadership with respect to reform must be examined, since successful organizational leaders should be extremely accomplished in the promotion and protection of the values that underlie decision-making. The issue of effective leadership is particularly significant for the future of the public service of Canada. Large numbers of public servants in the executive ranks are due to retire within the next five years. Given their central role, it is vital that there be enough dedicated and committed public servants to staff future vacancies. It is also essential that future public service leaders possess the competencies and values associated with a world-class public service and, a new type of public organization. Related to this point is the importance of people-management skills. People management in the public service is an issue that has historically faced - and will continue to face - major challenges with respect to recruiting and retaining the leaders it requires for its continued success. It is imperative that the public service not only be revitalized and be seen as an employer of choice, but also that the process by which it accomplishes this goal - the practice of human resource management - be modernized. To achieve the flexibility needed to remain effective, the public service requires the kind ofleadership that supports new public service values such as innovation and which emphasizes a "people- first" approach. This thesis examines the kind of public service leadership needed to modernize the human resource management regime in the federal public service. A historical examination of public service values is presented to help determine the values that are important for public service leaders with respect to modernizing human resource management. Since replenishing the 2 ranks of public service leaders is crucial to ensure the quality of service to Canadians, leadership that supports career planning will be a major focus of this paper. In addition, this thesis demonstrates that while traditional public service values continue to endure, innovative leaders must effectively reconcile new public service values with traditional values in order to increase the possibilities for successful reform as well as achieve business objectives. Much of the thesis is devoted to explaining the crucial role of post-bureaucratic leadership to successful reform. One of the major findings of the thesis is that leaders who demonstrate a blending of new public service values and traditional values are critical to creating effective employment relationships, which are key to modernizing human resource management in the federal public service. It will be apparent that public service leaders must ensure that an appropriate accountability framework is in place before embarking on reform. However, leaders who support new public service values such as innovation and empowerment and who emphasize the importance of people are essential to successful reform.

Human Resource Training and National Sport Organization Managers: Examining the Impact of Training on Individual and Organizational Performance

Within sport, a tremendous amount of effort is committed to the on-the-field performance of athletes and coaches, neglecting the off-the-field performance and development of sport managers. This study examines the impact of human resource training on the performance of five Canadian national sport organizations (NSO) and their managers (N=22). Data were collected on three outcome variables (learning, individual performance, organizational performance) and three mediating variables (motivation to transfer, training design, organizational climate) at three time measures (pre-training, post-training1, post-training2). Results indicate that training improves the learning and individual performance of sport managers, as well as the organizational performance of NSOs. Varying relationships were found at each of the three time measures, demonstrating that a progression to training-related performance change exists, while providing support for three levels of analysis (individual, organizational, systemic). Implications and future research directions are discussed and highlight the need for on-going training opportunities for Canadian sport managers.

Creating a Generation of Upstanders: Curriculum Resource to Help Ontario Educators Build Safe Schools

This project focuses on the bullying found in the 21st century elementary classrooms, more specifically in grades 4-8. These grades were found to have high levels of bullying because of major shifts in a student’s life that may place a student of this age at risk for problems with their peer relationships (Totura et al., 2009). Supporting the findings in the literature review, this handbook was created for Ontario grade 4-8 classroom teachers. The resource educates teachers on current knowledge of classroom bullying, and provides them with information and resources to share with their students so that they can create a culture of upstanders. Upstanders are students who stand up for the victims of bullying, and have the self-esteem and strategies to stand up to classroom bullies. These upstanders, with the support of their classroom teachers and their peers, will be a force strong enough to build the government-mandated Safe School environment.

Creating a Generation of Upstanders: Curriculum Resource to Help Ontario Educators Build Safe Schools

This project focuses on the bullying found in the 21st century elementary classrooms, more specifically in grades 4-8. These grades were found to have high levels of bullying because of major shifts in a student’s life that may place a student of this age at risk for problems with their peer relationships (Totura et al., 2009). Supporting the findings in the literature review, this handbook was created for an Ontario grade 4-8 classroom teachers. The resource educates teachers on current knowledge of classroom bullying, and provides them with information and resources to share with their students so that they can create a culture of upstanders. Upstanders are students who stand up for the victims of bullying, and have the self-esteem and strategies to stand up to classroom bullies. These upstanders, with the support of their classroom teachers and their peers, will be a force strong enough to build the government-mandated Safe School environment.

Foster Children in Education: Resource Handbook for Elementary Educators

This project is aligned with examining the role of the education system and the foster care context on the learning experiences of young children in the classroom. This project is a study of the literature and research conducted on the life experiences, adverse effects of these experiences (such as attachment disorder), socioemotional development, and resiliency of foster care children. Furthermore, the project explores the literature on how the experiences of these foster children traverse contexts and impact the education setting. This study also outlines specific strategies and practices for teachers and school staff in order to promote students’ resiliency, competency, behaviour management, and overall educational success and positive academic experience. These strategies resulted from a critical review of the literature and translated into the development of an informative handbook intended for teachers. The handbook developed in this study focuses on the understanding of the lives of foster care children, their histories, adverse experiences, socioemotional development, strategies to manage behaviour, unique needs, and encouraging their resiliency and success in school. To ensure the soundness of the handbook, 2 education liaisons at a Family and Child Services agency within Ontario and a former child and service social worker from Manitoba reviewed the first draft and provided comments on the validity of the content and the potential usability of the handbook for educators. Suggestions and comments provided by these experts were used to enhance the final product of the handbook.