La demanda de energía en la industria manufacturera chilena

Incluye Bibliografía

Port privatization, labour reform and social equity

Includes bibliography

Export promotion policies in Central America

Includes bibliography

La promoción de exportaciones y la sustitución de importaciones en la industria centroamericana

Incluye Bibliografía

Reconversión industrial, apertura comercial y papel del Estado en Centroamérica

Incluye Bibliografía

Políticas industriales en Centroamérica

Incluye Bibliografía

Maquila en el Caribe: la experiencia de Jamaica

Incluye Bibliografía

Reforma laboral y equidad social: la privatización de los puertos

Incluye Bibliografía

Políticas de promoción de exportaciones en Centroamérica

Incluye Bibliografía

Energy demand in Chilean manufacturing

Includes bibliography

Temporomandibular joint condylar changes following maxillomandibular advancement and articular disc repositioning

Purpose To evaluate condylar changes 1 year after bimaxillary surgical advancement with or without articular disc repositioning using longitudinal quantitative measurements in 3-dimensional (3D) temporomandibular joint (TMJ) models. Methods Twenty-seven patients treated with maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) underwent cone-beam computed tomography before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at 1-year follow-up. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging before surgery to assess disc displacements. Ten patients without disc displacement received MMA only. Seventeen patients with articular disc displacement received MMA with simultaneous TMJ disc repositioning (MMA-Drep). Pre- and postsurgical 3D models were superimposed using a voxel-based registration on the cranial base. Results The location, direction, and magnitude of condylar changes were displayed and quantified by graphic semitransparent overlays and 3D color-coded surface distance maps. Rotational condylar displacements were similar in the 2 groups. Immediately after surgery, condylar translational displacements of at least 1.5 mm occurred in a posterior, superior, or mediolateral direction in patients treated with MMA, whereas patients treated with MMA-Drep presented more marked anterior, inferior, and mediolateral condylar displacements. One year after surgery, more than half the patients in the 2 groups presented condylar resorptive changes of at least 1.5 mm. Patients treated with MMA-Drep presented condylar bone apposition of at least 1.5 mm at the superior surface in 26.4%, the anterior surface in 23.4%, the posterior surface in 29.4%, the medial surface in 5.9%, or the lateral surface in 38.2%, whereas bone apposition was not observed in patients treated with MMA. Conclusions One year after surgery, condylar resorptive changes greater than 1.5 mm were observed in the 2 groups. Articular disc repositioning facilitated bone apposition in localized condylar regions in patients treated with MMA-Drep. © 2013 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

Desarrollo industrial orientado para la exportación: la experiencia de Corea

Publicado en inglés con el símbolo ST/CEPAL/CONF.59/L.12

Visión estratégica de los puertos del año 2010

El artículo de fondo del Boletín FAL de este mes es el canto del cisne de Larry Burkhalter como funcionario de las Naciones Unidas. Larry ha prestado servicios en la CEPAL y en las Naciones Unidas durante más de 22 años y durante buena parte de ese período ha sido el faro que orientó el derrotero de la Comisión en los temas relacionados con el transporte marítimo y la actividad portuaria.

Strategic vision for ports: the year 2010

This month's FAL leading article is Larry Burkhalter's swan song as a United Nations staff member. Larry has served ECLAC and the UN for more than 22 years and has been the Commission's guiding light in maritime transport and port issues for the most part of that time.