Une étude sur les conditions de l’organisation du travail, le soutien social hors-travail et l’épuisement professionnel

L’objectif principal de ce mémoire est de vérifier l’effet modérateur du soutien social hors-travail sur la relation entre les conditions de l’organisation du travail et l’épuisement professionnel. Dans un deuxième temps, nous cherchons aussi à déterminer l’effet direct que peut entretenir chacune des variables sur le niveau d’épuisement professionnel. Pour nous aider à réaliser notre recherche nous avons utilisé des données secondaires provenant de l’Équipe de Recherche sur le Travail et la Santé Mentale, qui sont basées sur un échantillon de 410 travailleurs (civil et policier) du Service de Police de la Ville de Montréal (SPVM) atteint de décembre 2008 à février 2009. Les analyses multivariées réalisées ont révélé que plusieurs facteurs du travail ont une influence sur le niveau d’épuisement professionnel des employés du SPVM. En effet, l’utilisation des compétences, l’autorité décisionnelle et le soutien social au travail sont trois facteurs du travail qui agissent comme protecteur contre l’épuisement professionnel. À l’inverse, les demandes psychologiques, les demandes contractuelles (c’est-à-dire les horaires de travail irréguliers ou imprévisibles), la supervision abusive ainsi que le conflit travail-famille sont quatre autres facteurs du travail qui font augmenter significativement le niveau d’épuisement professionnel. De plus, nos résultats soutiennent que le fait de vivre en couple, de ne pas avoir d’enfant, de vivre un conflit famille-travail et d’avoir un score élevé au trait de personnalité amabilité sont tout autant de caractéristiques associées à un haut niveau d’épuisement professionnel.Parallèlement, les analyses multivariées n’ont pas permis de confirmer le lien modérateur du soutien social hors-travail sur la relation entre les conditions de l’organisation du travail et l’épuisement professionnel.

Los derechos del niño inadaptado : la Comisión Médico-pedagógica y Psico-social en el Congreso Mundial del BICE, Beirut (19-23 de abril de 1963).

Se dan a conocer las conclusiones definitivas adoptadas por la Comisión Médico-pedagógica y Psico-social del Congreso mundial que sobre 'Los derechos del niño' ha celebrado el Bureau International Catholique de l'Enfance (BICE). En estas conclusiones se reconocen, como principio general,los derechos del niño inadaptado, y también los de aquellos niños que padecen enfermedades físicas y mentales, que les producen inadaptación física y mental. A los niños delincuentes se les conceden estos mismos derechos.

Contemporary social variations in household water use, management strategies and awareness under conditions of 'water stress': the case of Greater Amman Jordan

One of the distinctive characteristics of the water supply system of Greater Amman, the capital of Jordan, is that it has been based on a regime of rationing since 1987, with households receiving water once a week for various durations. This reflects the fact that while Amman's recent growth has been phenomenal, Jordan is one of the ten most water-scarce nations on earth. Amman is highly polarised socio-economically, and by means of household surveys conducted in both high- and low-income divisions of the city, the aim has been to provide detailed empirical evidence concerning the storage and use if water, the strategies used by households to manage water and overall satisfactions with water supply issues, looking specifically at issues of social equity. The analysis demonstrates the social costs of water rationing and consequent household management to be high, as well as emphasising that issues of water quality are of central importance to all consumers.

Women's work choices in Kenya: the role of social institutions and household gender attitudes

This study considers the factors that influence women’s work behavior in Kenya. In particular, it examines whether gender attitudes and certain types of social institutions influence the probability of employment or type of employment for women. Using data from the Demographic and Health Survey of 2008–9, we find that religion and ethnicity are significant determinants of women’s employment in Kenya. While personal experience of female genital mutilation is insignificant, spousal age and education differences, as well as marital status (which reflect attitudes both in women’s natal and marital families), are significant determinants of women’s employment choices.

Small-Scale Farmers Land Use and Socioeconomic Situation in the Mount Elgon District in Northwestern Kenya : A Minor Field Study - Combined Field Mapping and Interview

This Minor Field Study was carried out during November and December in 2011 in the Mount Elgon District in Western Kenya. The objective was to examine nine small-scale farming household´s land use and socioeconomic situation when they have joined a non-governmental organization (NGO) project, which specifically targets small-scale farming households to improve land use system and socioeconomic situation by the extension of soil and water conservation measures. The survey has worked along three integral examinations methods which are mapping and processing data using GIS, semi structured interviews and literature studies.   This study has adopted a theoretical approach referred to as political ecology, in which landesque capital is a central concept. The result shows that all farmers, except one, have issues with land degradation. However, the extent of the problem and also implemented sustainable soil and water conservation measures were diverse among the farmers. The main causes of this can both be linked to how the farmers themselves utilized their farmland and how impacts from the climate change have modified the terms of the farmers working conditions. These factors have consequently resulted in impacts on the informants’ socioeconomic conditions. Furthermore it was also registered that social and economic elements, in some cases, were the causes of how the farmers manage their farmland. The farmer who had no significant problem with soil erosion had invested in trees and opportunities to irrigate the farmland. In addition, it was also recorded that certain farmers had invested in particular soil and water conservation measures without any significant result. This was probably due to the time span these land measures cover before they start to generate revenue.  The outcome of this study has traced how global, national and local elements exist in a context when it comes to the conditions of the farmers´ land use and their socioeconomic situation. The farmers atMt.Elgon are thereby a component of a wider context when they are both contributory to their socioeconomic situation, mainly due to their land management, and also exposed to core-periphery relationships on which the farmers themselves have no influence.