From apotheosis to damnation: Mussolini and the Fascist regime, 1936-45

This is an essay for a catalogue of the exhibition 'Against Mussolini: art and the fall of a dictator' held at the Estorick Collection, London, September - December 2010. The essay examines shifting attitudes towards Mussolini in the years immediately preceding his fall, and suggests that the development of 'anti-fascism' was less pronounced than often suggested.

Snöåkullor : 15 kvinnor berättar om när de gick på Snöå lanthushållsskola i Dala-Järna 1936-1989

I korthet har uppsatsens syfte varit att ge en bild av vilken social bakgrund de flickor hade som gick på Snöå Lanthushållsskola i Dala-Järna, att ta reda på varför de valde att gå där och att undersöka vad som hände med eleverna senare i livet. Metoden som använts hör till den muntliga historieforskningens sätt att gå till väga: Under ett besök på skolans 100-års jubileum i september 2009 delades en enkät ut till ett hundrafemtiotal före detta elever, av vilka 15 stycken valdes ut. Dessa 15 delades in i tre grupper: den äldre generationens elever från 1936-1960, mellangenerationens elever från 1961-1970, och slutligen den yngre generationens elever från 1971-1989, varefter de intervjuades. Intervjuerna låg sedan till grund för uppsatsens resultat.Resultatet visar att elevernas sociala bakgrund har varierat, liksom ambitionerna bakom att söka till lanthushållsskolan och i vilken grad skolan fick betydelse för framtiden. Trenden verkar dock vara att det bland de tidigaste snöåkullorna var vanligt att man ville bli en god husmor, medan 1950-, 1960- och det tidiga 1970-talets elever behövde kursen i lanthushållning för att kunna vidareutbilda sig. Under 1970- och 1980-talet blev antalet skoltrötta som sökte sig till Snöån större, och skolan tycks ha blivit en nödlösning och ett andrahandsval. Samtliga minns snöåtiden som en mycket rolig och lärorik tid, och många av dem fick väninnor för livet.

Characteristics of the biological cycle of lutzomyia evandroi Costa Lima & Antunes, 1936 (diptera: psychodidae) under experimental conditions

XIMENES, Maria de Fátima Freire de Melo; MACIEL, Janaína Cunha; JERONIMO, Selma Maria Bezerra. Characteristics of the Biological Cycle of Lutzomyia evandroi Costa Lima & Antunes, 1936 (diptera: psychodidae) under experimental conditions. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, v.96, n.6, p.883-886, ago. 2001. Disponivel em: Acesso em: 4 out. 2010.

Isolamento de uma quitinase extraída do cefalotórax do camarão marinho Litopenaeus schmitti (BURKENROAD, 1936) : avaliação de suas atividades antimicrobiana e larvicida

Chitinases are enzymes involved in degradation of chitin and are present in a range of organisms, including those that do not contain chitin, such as bacteria, viruses, plants and animals, and play important physiological and ecological roles. Chitin is hydrolyzed by a chitinolytic system classified as: endo-chitinases, exo-chitinases and N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidases. In this study a Litochitinase1 extracted from the cephalotorax of the shrimp Litopenaeus Schmitt was purified 987.32 times using ionexchange chromatography DEAE-Biogel and molecular exclusion Sephacryl S-200. These enzyme presented a molecular mass of about 28.5 kDa. The results, after kinetic assay with the Litochitinase1 using as substrate p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-b-Dglucosaminideo, showed apparent Km of 0.51 mM, optimal activity at pH ranging from 5.0 to 6.0, optimum temperature at 55°C and stability when pre-incubated at temperatures of 25, 37, 45, 50 and 55°C. The enzyme showed a range of stability at pH 4.0 to 5.5. HgCl2 inhibited Litochitinase1 while MgCl2 enhances its activity. Antimicrobial tests showed that Litochitinase1 present activity against gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli in the 800 μg/mL concentration. The larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti was investigated using crude extracts, F-III (50-80%) and Litochitinase1 at 24 and 48 hours. The results showed larvicidal activity in all these samples with EC50 values of 6.59 mg/mL for crude extract, 5.36 mg/mL for F-III and 0.71 mg/mL for Litochitinase1 at 24 hours and 3.22 and 0.49 mg/mL for the F-III and Litochitinase1 at 48 hours, respectively. Other experiments confirmed the presence of chitin in the midgut of Aedes aegypti larvae, which may be suffering the action of Litochitinase1 killing the larvae, but also the absence of contaminating proteins as serine proteinase inhibitors and lectins in the crude extract, F-III and Litochitinase1, indicating that the death of the larvae is by action of the Litochitinase1. We also observed that the enzymes extracted from intestinal homogenate of the larvae no have activity on Litochitinase1. These results indicate that the enzyme can be used as an alternative to control of infections caused by Escherichia coli and reducing the infestation of the mosquito vector of dengue.

The Predation of Artemia Nauplii by the Larvae of the Amazon River Prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862), is Affected by Prey Density, Time of Day, and Ontogenetic Development

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Uso de bandejas de alimentação na fase de engorda do camarão-da-Amazônia Macrobrachium amazonicum (HELLER, 1862)

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the hypothesis that the M. amazonicum prawns accept feeding in trays. Six ponds were stocked with 10 juveniles II (1.2 +/- 0.7 g) per m(2) in 02/14/2003. An entirely randomized experimental design with 2 treatments (feeding in trays or feeding to the throw) and 3 replicates was used. Prawn average weight, survival, productivity, and physical and chemical variables of the water were compared between treatments using "t" test of Student. Average weight, survival and productivity were, respectively, 7.2 +/- 0.3 g, 46.8 +/- 7.8% and 335 +/- 45 kg/ha in feeding tray treatment and 6.8 +/- 0.1 g, 85.8 +/- 5.2% and 586 +/- 42 kg/ha in feed to the throw treatment. Survival and productivity differed significantly (p<0.5), while that average weight didn't differ significantly. M. amazonicum needs to use further number of trays per area, possibly due to territorial and aggressive behavior.

A Associação Cultural Itapetinguense: um projeto de emancipação educacional e política para uma vila (1936-1961)

Este trabajo de pesquisa posee um carácter histórico y documental, teniendo como objetivo la Associação Cultural Ipapetinguense fundada em el año de 1936, por la dedicación de los hombres de la élite ganadera se congregarem para la lectura de los periódicos existentes en aquella época en la villa de Itatinga, actualmente la ciudad de Itapetinga (BA). Conocer la ACI, representó evidenciar sus proyectos direccionados para la cultura y la enseñanza, desde su comienzo hasta el año de 1961, analizando los conocimientos vinculados en esos proyectos. Entre los mismos, examiamos detalladamente a Biblioteca Dr. Orlando Bahia y las iniciativas realizadas para la enseñanza: la Escola da ACI, el Curso de Ciências, Letras e Artes, el Ginásio Alfredo Dutra y la Escola Normal Juvino Oliveira, desde el punto de vista de los conocimientos socializados en estas acciones. Entendemos que estos saberes fueron sembrados por la lectura de los libros da la Biblioteca Dr. Orlando Bahia, lo que nos hizo analizar el acervo de la misma, para así percibir que estos libros fueroan los testigos de los conocimientos de los maestros en quel período de la história de la educación en Itapetinga. Ellos fueron y todavia son, no sólo, los portadores de los contenidos y de los saberes enseñados, mas los reveladores de un proyeto de la emancipación educativa y política para la villa de Itapetinga. Estudiar la história de la Associação Cultural Itapetinguense, sus proyetos dedicados para la cultura y para la educación nos ofreció la posibilidad de conocer la villa de Itapetinga y su trayectoria económica y social, su desarrollo cultural y el camino recorrido en su emancipación educativa y política. De esta manera, las acciones culturales y educativas impulsionadas por la ACI y direccionadas hacia la villa fueroan la posibilidad del progreso, del esclarecimiento y confirmación de uma élite en el ámbito económico y social local y de aumento en el ámbito de los conocimientos y de la educación formal del pueblo en su sentido amplio. Las fuentes citadas para la pesquisa fueron, fundamentalmente, los libros de las actas y los estatutos de la ACI, periódicos locales, y libros de registros de préstamo de la Biblioteca Dr. Orlando Bahia, además de todas las comunicaciones orales em las charlas realizadas

Morphologic and morphometric analysis of testis of Pseudis limellum (Cope, 1862) (Anura, Hylidae) during the reproductive cycle in the Pantanal, Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Ecological distribution of the shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti (Burkenroad, 1936) (Decapoda, Penaeoidea) in Ubatuba Bay, São Paulo, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A difícil aceitação dos números negativos: um estudo da teoria dos números de Peter Barlow (1776-1862)

The present study seeks to present a historico-epistemological analysis of the development of the mathematical concept of negative number. In order to do so, we analyzed the different forms and conditions of the construction of mathematical knowledge in different mathematical communities and, thus, identified the characteristics in the establishment of this concept. By understanding the historically constructed barriers, especially, the ones having ontologicas significant, that made the concept of negative number incompatible with that of natural number, thereby hindering the development of the concept of negative, we were able to sketch the reasons for the rejection of negative numbers by the English author Peter Barlow (1776 -1862) in his An Elementary Investigation of the Theory of Numbers, published in 1811. We also show the continuity of his difficulties with the treatment of negative numbers in the middle of the nineteenth century