Metal-insulator transition in a degenerate Hubbard model

We have studied the metal-insulator transition at integer fillings in a triply degenerate Hubbard model using the Lanczos method. The critical Coulomb interaction strength U-c, is found to depend strongly on the band filling, with U-c similar to root 3 W (W is the bandwidth) at half filling for this case with threefold degeneracy. We discuss the implications of our results on metal-insulator transitions in strongly correlated systems in general, and on the unusual electronic ground state of the alkali-metal-doped fullerenes, in particular. [S0163-1829(99)11003-8].

SrCU2(BO3)(2): A unique Mott Hubbard insulator

We discuss the recently discovered system SrCu2(BO3)(2), a realization of an exactly solvable model proposed two decades earlier. We propose its interpretation as a Mott Hubbard insulator. The possible superconducting phase arising from doping is explored, and its nature as well as its importance for testing the RVB theory of superconductivity are discussed.

The origin of degeneracies and crossings in the 1d Hubbard model

The paper is devoted to the connection between integrability of a finite quantum system and degeneracies of its energy levels. In particular, we analyse in detail the energy spectra of finite Hubbard chains. Heilmann and Lieb demonstrated that in these systems there are crossings of levels of the same parameter-independent symmetry. We show that this apparent violation of the Wigner-von Neumann noncrossing rule follows directly from the existence of nontrivial conservation laws and is a characteristic signature of quantum integrability. The energy spectra of Hubbard chains display many instances of permanent (at all values of the coupling) twofold degeneracies that cannot be explained by parameter-independent symmetries. We relate these degeneracies to the different transformation properties of the conserved currents under spatial reflections and the particle-hole transformation and estimate the fraction of doubly degenerate states. We also discuss multiply degenerate eigenstates of the Hubbard Hamiltonian. The wavefunctions of many of these states do not depend on the coupling, which suggests the existence of an additional parameter-independent symmetry.

The inhomogeneous extended Bose-Hubbard model: A mean-field theory

We develop an inhomogeneous mean-field theory for the extended Bose-Hubbard model with a quadratic, confining potential. In the absence of this potential, our mean-field theory yields the phase diagram of the homogeneous extended Bose-Hubbard model. This phase diagram shows a superfluid (SF) phase and lobes of Mott-insulator (MI), density-wave (DW), and supersolid (SS) phases in the plane of the chemical potential mu and on-site repulsion U; we present phase diagrams for representative values of V, the repulsive energy for bosons on nearest-neighbor sites. We demonstrate that, when the confining potential is present, superfluid and density-wave order parameters are nonuniform; in particular, we obtain, for a few representative values of parameters, spherical shells of SF, MI, DW, and SS phases. We explore the implications of our study for experiments on cold-atom dipolar condensates in optical lattices in a confining potential.

Bose-Hubbard model in a strong effective magnetic field: Emergence of a chiral Mott insulator ground state

Motivated by experiments on Josephson junction arrays, and cold atoms in an optical lattice in a synthetic magnetic field, we study the ``fully frustrated'' Bose-Hubbard model with half a magnetic flux quantum per plaquette. We obtain the phase diagram of this model on a two-leg ladder at integer filling via the density matrix renormalization group approach, complemented by Monte Carlo simulations on an effective classical XY model. The ground state at intermediate correlations is consistently shown to be a chiral Mott insulator (CMI) with a gap to all excitations and staggered loop currents which spontaneously break time-reversal symmetry. We characterize the CMI state as a vortex supersolid or an indirect exciton condensate, and discuss various experimental implications.

Bose-Hubbard models in confining potentials: Inhomogeneous mean-field theory

We present an extensive study of Mott insulator (MI) and superfluid (SF) shells in Bose-Hubbard (BH) models for bosons in optical lattices with harmonic traps. For this we apply the inhomogeneous mean-field theory developed by Sheshadri et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4075 (1995)]. Our results for the BH model with one type of spinless bosons agree quantitatively with quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Our approach is numerically less intensive than such simulations, so we are able to perform calculations on experimentally realistic, large three-dimensional systems, explore a wide range of parameter values, and make direct contact with a variety of experimental measurements. We also extend our inhomogeneous mean-field theory to study BH models with harmonic traps and (a) two species of bosons or (b) spin-1 bosons. With two species of bosons, we obtain rich phase diagrams with a variety of SF and MI phases and associated shells when we include a quadratic confining potential. For the spin-1 BH model, we show, in a representative case, that the system can display alternating shells of polar SF and MI phases, and we make interesting predictions for experiments in such systems.

Spectral moment sum rules for the retarded Green's function and self-energy of the inhomogeneous Bose-Hubbard model in equilibrium and nonequilibrium

We derive exact expressions for the zeroth and the first three spectral moment sum rules for the retarded Green's function and for the zeroth and the first spectral moment sum rules for the retarded self-energy of the inhomogeneous Bose-Hubbard model in nonequilibrium, when the local on-site repulsion and the chemical potential are time-dependent, and in the presence of an external time-dependent electromagnetic field. We also evaluate these expressions for the homogeneous case in equilibrium, where all time dependence and external fields vanish. Unlike similar sum rules for the Fermi-Hubbard model, in the Bose-Hubbard model case, the sum rules often depend on expectation values that cannot be determined simply from parameters in the Hamiltonian like the interaction strength and chemical potential but require knowledge of equal-time many-body expectation values from some other source. We show how one can approximately evaluate these expectation values for the Mott-insulating phase in a systematic strong-coupling expansion in powers of the hopping divided by the interaction. We compare the exact moment relations to the calculated moments of spectral functions determined from a variety of different numerical approximations and use them to benchmark their accuracy. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.013628

Chiral Mott insulator with staggered loop currents in the fully frustrated Bose-Hubbard model

Motivated by experiments on Josephson junction arrays in a magnetic field and ultracold interacting atoms in an optical lattice in the presence of a ``synthetic'' orbital magnetic field, we study the ``fully frustrated'' Bose-Hubbard model and quantum XY model with half a flux quantum per lattice plaquette. Using Monte Carlo simulations and the density matrix renormalization group method, we show that these kinetically frustrated boson models admit three phases at integer filling: a weakly interacting chiral superfluid phase with staggered loop currents which spontaneously break time-reversal symmetry, a conventional Mott insulator at strong coupling, and a remarkable ``chiral Mott insulator'' (CMI) with staggered loop currents sandwiched between them at intermediate correlation. We discuss how the CMI state may be viewed as an exciton condensate or a vortex supersolid, study a Jastrow variational wave function which captures its correlations, present results for the boson momentum distribution across the phase diagram, and consider various experimental implications of our phase diagram. Finally, we consider generalizations to a staggered flux Bose-Hubbard model and a two-dimensional (2D) version of the CMI in weakly coupled ladders.

Quantum Phase Diagram of One-Dimensional Spin and Hubbard Models with Transitions to Bond Order Wave Phases

Similar quantum phase diagrams and transitions are found for three classes of one-dimensional models with equally spaced sites, singlet ground states (GS), inversion symmetry at sites and a bond order wave (BOW) phase in some sectors. The models are frustrated spin-1/2 chains with variable range exchange, half-filled Hubbard models with spin-independent interactions and modified Hubbard models with site energies for describing organic charge transfer salts. In some range of parameters, the models have a first order quantum transition at which the GS expectation value of the sublattice spin < S-A(2)> of odd or even-numbered sites is discontinuous. There is an intermediate BOW phase for other model parameters that lead to two continuous quantum transitions with continuous < S-A(2)>. Exact diagonalization of finite systems and symmetry arguments provide a unified picture of familiar 1D models that have appeared separately in widely different contexts.

Quantum Phase Diagram of One-Dimensional Spin and Hubbard Models with Transitions to Bond Order Wave Phases

Similar quantum phase diagrams and transitions are found for three classes of one-dimensional models with equally spaced sites, singlet ground states (GS), inversion symmetry at sites and a bond order wave (BOW) phase in some sectors. The models are frustrated spin-1/2 chains with variable range exchange, half-filled Hubbard models with spin-independent interactions and modified Hubbard models with site energies for describing organic charge transfer salts. In some range of parameters, the models have a first order quantum transition at which the GS expectation value of the sublattice spin < S-A(2)> of odd or even-numbered sites is discontinuous. There is an intermediate BOW phase for other model parameters that lead to two continuous quantum transitions with continuous < S-A(2)>. Exact diagonalization of finite systems and symmetry arguments provide a unified picture of familiar 1D models that have appeared separately in widely different contexts.

Phase diagram of the half-filled ionic Hubbard model

We study the phase diagram of the ionic Hubbard model (IHM) at half filling on a Bethe lattice of infinite connectivity using dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT), with two impurity solvers, namely, iterated perturbation theory (IPT) and continuous time quantum Monte Carlo (CTQMC). The physics of the IHM is governed by the competition between the staggered ionic potential Delta and the on-site Hubbard U. We find that for a finite Delta and at zero temperature, long-range antiferromagnetic (AFM) order sets in beyond a threshold U = U-AF via a first-order phase transition. For U smaller than U-AF the system is a correlated band insulator. Both methods show a clear evidence for a quantum transition to a half-metal (HM) phase just after the AFM order is turned on, followed by the formation of an AFM insulator on further increasing U. We show that the results obtained within both methods have good qualitative and quantitative consistency in the intermediate-to-strong-coupling regime at zero temperature as well as at finite temperature. On increasing the temperature, the AFM order is lost via a first-order phase transition at a transition temperature T-AF(U,Delta) or, equivalently, on decreasing U below U-AF(T,Delta)], within both methods, for weak to intermediate values of U/t. In the strongly correlated regime, where the effective low-energy Hamiltonian is the Heisenberg model, IPT is unable to capture the thermal (Neel) transition from the AFM phase to the paramagnetic phase, but the CTQMC does. At a finite temperature T, DMFT + CTQMC shows a second phase transition (not seen within DMFT + IPT) on increasing U beyond U-AF. At U-N > U-AF, when the Neel temperature T-N for the effective Heisenberg model becomes lower than T, the AFM order is lost via a second-order transition. For U >> Delta, T-N similar to t(2)/U(1 - x(2)), where x = 2 Delta/U and thus T-N increases with increase in Delta/U. In the three-dimensional parameter space of (U/t, T/t, and Delta/t), as T increases, the surface of first-order transition at U-AF(T,Delta) and that of the second-order transition at U-N(T,Delta) approach each other, shrinking the range over which the AFM order is stable. There is a line of tricritical points that separates the surfaces of first- and second-order phase transitions.

Feshbach modulation spectroscopy of the Fermi-Hubbard model

In the vicinity of a Feshbach resonance, a system of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice undergoes rich physical transformations which involve molecule formation and hopping of molecules on the lattice and thus goes beyond a single-band Hubbard model description. We explore theoretically the response of this system to a harmonic modulation of the magnetic field, and thus of the scattering length, across the Feshbach resonance. In the regime in which the single-band Hubbard model is still valid, we provide results for the doublon production as a function of the various parameters, such as frequency, amplitude, etc., that characterize the field modulation, as well as the lattice depth. The method may uncover a route towards the efficient creation of ultracold molecules and also provide an alternative to conventional lattice-depth-modulation spectroscopy.

Evaluación del efecto de tres diferentes programas de iluminación sobre parámetros productivos y síndrome de muerte súbita en pollos broilers de la raza hubbard

El presente trabajo fue realizado en la granja avícola "La Trinidad", propiedad de la Empresa perteneciente a la TIP - TOP Industrial S.A. ubicado en el Km. 26 Carretera a Masaya, entrada principal a Nindirí 5 Km al Norte de la comunidad San Francisco, el experimento se realizó entre el 28 de Febrero y 10 de Abril de 1996, se utilizaro n 85.680 pollos de engorde (machos y hembras), de un día de nacido incluyéndose para dichos experimentos cuatro tratamientos con dos repeticiones cada uno, T1 en el cual se aplicó un programa de 23 hrs/luz durante el intervalo de edad de los 12 a los 42 días, T2 a partir de los 15 días a 42 días con un suministro de 23 H/Luz; T3 a partir de 18dlas a 42 días con 23 h/Luz (Tratamiento testigo), T4 entre los 21 días a los 42 días con 23 h/Luz. Las variables estudiadas para el experimento fueron las siguientes: Consumo de Alimento, Peso Vivo, Conversión de Alimento, Ganancia Media Diaria y Mortalidad.

Evaluación de la mortalidad del síndrome de la muerte súbita en condiciones comerciales de la linea genética arbor acres vs. hubbard

La actividad avícola ha alcanzado un gran desarrollo en estos últimos años, pero como toda actividad está sujeta a riesgos o factores que inciden en su labor, en este caso nos referimos al síndrome de muerte súbita (SMS) que desde su aparición se han realizados diversos estudios para encontrar los factores que influyen en la presentación de este síndrome por tal razón en este estudio se evalúa la incidencia del síndrome de muerte súbita en condiciones comerciales en dos líneas como son: Arbor Acres y Hubbard . Con el objetivo de determinar la línea más susceptible en presentar este síndrome como también evaluar las pérdidas económicas que causo este factor en la granja donde se realizó el experimento, tomando en cuenta los parámetros productivos de ambas líneas para lo cual se utilizaron tres galeras de pollos de engorde con una cantidad de 14406,14406 y14295 respectivamente , evaluando las siguientes galeras galera 3, galera 4, y galera 6 equivalente a la suma de 43107 pollos de un día de nacido de la línea arbor acres la galera 3 y 4 representando el tratamiento 1 y de la línea Hubbard la galera 6 representando el tratamiento 2 ,ambos tratamientos con el mismo manejo implementado en les granjas de la empresa TIPTOP . Planteando como variable las siguientes: mortalidad, peso vivo, consumo, conversión alimenticia y ganancia media diaria. Dichos valores obtenidos fueron analizados a través de un diseño estadístico de bloques completos al azar, en el caso de la variable que resultara con significancia estadística se sometió a una prueba de rangos múltiples tukey para encontrar la mejor línea para la actividad de engorde. En el cual el análisis estadístico arrojó los siguientes resultados: Para la variable la mortalidad no se encontró diferencia significativa (p<0.05) entre ambos tratamientos. Al igual que la variable consumo, conversión alimenticia y ganancia media diaria no mostró diferencia significativa (p<0.05) en tanto la variable peso mostró diferencia significativa (p> 0.05) entre ambas líneas , la que fue sometida a la prueba de rango múltiples Tukey en donde se obtuvo que la línea hubbard está más predispuesta a obtener un peso mayor que la línea Arbor Acres. En cuanto a las pérdidas por síndrome de muerte súbita se refiere que la raza hubbard presentó mayor mortalidad por síndrome por muerte súbita , que la raza Arbor Acres, por lo cual la línea hubbard presenta mayores pérdidas económicas aunque cabe mencionar que la línea hubbard presentó una menor mortalidad en general que la línea Arbor Acres y también esta línea ( hubbard) obtuvo un mayor peso vivo que la línea Arbor Acres , indicando que es más viable económicamente explotar esta línea ya que muestra una diferencia de 3.8% entre ambos tratamiento, teniendo un mayor ingreso , el tratamiento 2 (hubbard ). En grandes cantidades este porcentaje es realmente significativo. Como conclusión del presente estudio podemos afirmar lo siguiente la línea más susceptible en presentar el síndrome por muerte súbita es la línea hubbard aunque estadísticamente no muestre diferencia significativa (p< 0.05). Entre los parámetros productivo (variables) como , mortalidad , consumo, conversión alimenticia y ganancia media diaria no existe diferencia estadística , por lo cual ambas líneas poseen similares índice productivo. , Mientras la variable peso muestra diferencia de donde deducimos que la raza hubbard posee un peso mayor que la línea Arbor Acres. En tanto las pérdidas económicas son mayores en el tratamiento 2 (hubbard) y obteniendo en este un mayor rendimiento en producción y en rentabilidad.

Estudio del efecto de la regulación de la iluminación en pollos de engorde de la linea Hubbard Peterson en la granja avícola Belén, El Viejo, Chinandega

Con el fin de determinar el programa de iluminación más adecuado que permita maximizar los rendimientos productivos y disminuir los costos de producción en pollos de engorde, se realizó el presente ensayo en condiciones de producción comercial, bajo un sistema tradicional. El total de aves utilizadas fueron 196, pertenecientes a la línea Hubbard Peterson, de un día de nacidas, mixtas. Estas fueron alojadas en una galera (rancho de palma) con dimensiones de 29 m de largo * 1O m de ancho* 5 m de alto, y capacidad total de alojamiento de 2900 aves; por un período de 42 días. Para efectos experimentales las aves fueron agrupadas aleatoriamente en dos cubículos, a razón de 98/ grupo, utilizando una densidad de alojamiento de 9 8 aves 1m2. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: T1= 23 hrs luz + 1 hr de oscuridad y T2 = 23 hrs luz + 1 hr de oscuridad hasta las dos semanas, en adelante hasta el sacrificio sólo luz natural. Las variables de respuesta fueron: Peso Final (PF) Consumo de Alimento (CAl) , Ganancia Media Diaria (GMD) e índice de Conversión Alimenticia (ICA), Margen Bruto (MB) y Relación Beneficio Costo (8\C). Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó un DCA con arreglo bifactoríal y prueba de separación de medías por Tukey, mediante el paquete estadístico SAS, 1991. Con base en los resultados de los análisis, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos para las variables GMD e ICA; no así para CAL, y PF. Los valores promedios semanales a lo largo del período (6 semanas), pera las variables evaluadas, fueron los siguientes: Para T1, CAl= 87.37g, GM0=57.17g, ICA= 1.66 y PF= 1.895kg: para T2, CAL= 83.68g, GMD= 54.81g, ICA= 1.58 y PF= 1.833kg. En el análisis financiero, el tratamiento con un periodo de 12 horas de iluminación, se obtuvo una reducción del 66.66% en los costos de iluminación, y una superioridad del 19% en el margen bruto y 6.15% en la relación beneficio costo en relación al periodo de 23 horas luz.