Comparison of effectiveness of different ashing auxiliaries for determination of phosphorus in natural waters, aquatic organisms and sediments by ignition method

An improved method for the determination of phosphorus in natural waters, aquatic organisms and sediments by ignition method is proposed. The recoveries of phosphorus (P) from selected inorganic and organic P-containing compound standards after ignition with different auxiliaries, such as MgSO4, Mg(NO3)(2), MgO2, Mg(Ac-2) and CaCl2, were compared. We found that the phosphorus from most compound standards could not be completely recovered when these compounds were ignited (450-500degreesC) with the MgSO4 as auxiliary and the baked residue was extracted with 0.2 mol l(-1) HCl for 30min at 80degreesC or at room temperature. P recoveries, for example, were poor, less than 85%, if pyrophosphate and metaphosphate were ignited with the addition Of MgSO4 prior to the extraction of the baked residue with 0.2 mol l(-1) HCl at 80degreesC for 30 min. In contrast, MgO2, Mg(Ac)(2) and CaCl2, as well as Mg(NO3)(2), could all yield complete P recoveries at routine ashing temperatures (450-500degreesC). The results demonstrate that MgC12 is a more effective auxiliary agent for the determination of phosphorus in natural waters, aquatic organisms and sediments by ignition method than MgSO4 which is commonly used. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Extraction of phosphorus in natural waters and sediments by ignition method

Phosphorus recoveries from selected inorganic and organic P-containing compounds after ignition with auxiliaries, such as MgSO4, Mg (NO3)(2), MgCl2, Mg (Ac)(2) and CaCl2 were studied. It was found that the phosphorus could not be completely recovered when most P-containing compounds were ignited with MgSO4 at temperature not higher than 500degreesC if the baked residue was extracted with 0.2 mol/L HCl for 30 min at 80degreesC or at room temperature. In contrast, MgCl2, Mg(Ac)(2) and CaCl2, as well as Mg(NO3)(2), could all yield complete P recoveries. We suggest that MgCl2 rather than MgSO4, which is usually used, should be utilized as ashing auxiliary agent in the P extraction by ignition method. Although Mg (NO3)(2) is a highly effective auxiliary agent, yet interference from MgSO4, danger of explosion, toxicity of nitrogen dioxide and more manipulation steps may limit its widespread utilization. It is suggested that if sediment is ignited with MgCl2, the extraction of residue with 0.2 mol/L HCl for 30 min at 80degreesC could give good result.

Sorption and desorption of Cu and Cd by macroalgae and microalgae

The sorption and desorption of Cu and Cd by two species of brown macroalgae and five species of microalgae were studied. The two brown macroalgae, Laminaria japonica and Sargassum kjellmanianum, were found to have high capacities at pHs between 4.0 and 5.0 while for microalgae, optimum pH lay at 6.7. The presence of other cations in solution was found to reduce the sorption of the target cation, suggesting a competition for sorption sites on organisms. Sorption isotherms obeyed the Freundlich equation, suggesting involvement of a multiplicity of mechanisms and sorption sites. For the microalgae tested, Spirulina platensis had the highest capacity for Cd, followed by Nannochloropsis oculata, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Platymonas cordifolia and Chaetoceros minutissimus. The reversibility of metal sorption by macroalgae was examined and the results show that both HCl and EDTA solutions were very effective in desorbing sorbed metal ions from macroalgae, with up to 99.5% of metals being recovered. The regenerated biomass showed undiminished sorption performance for the two metals studied, suggesting the potential of such material for use in water and wastewater treatment. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Investigation of Extration Method for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins in Shellfish

Me optimal conditions were established for the extraction of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins from gonad of Chlamys nobills using acetic acid and hydrochloric acid in the concentration range of 0.04-1.0 mol/L. A 10-g portion of gonad of Chlamys nobilis was extracted by boiling for 5 min with 1.0 mL acetic acid and hydrochloric acid in a 50-mL beaker. Meanwhile, a portion of gonad of Chlamys nobilis was extracted by sonication in the solution of 0.3 mol/L HAc + 0.2 mol/L HCl for a total period of 5-30 min. The raw extract was centrifuged at 3500 r/min for 5 min and the pH of supernatant was adjusted from 2.0 to 4.0 by 0.1 mol/L NaOH or 5 mol/L HCL After passing through a Millipore ultrafiltration membrane (10000 MW cut-off), ultrafiltrate was then analyzed by HPLC. The results showed that hydrochloric acid in the concentration range of 0.25-1.0 mol/L caused a significant decrease of N-sulfocarbarnoyl-11-hydroxysulfate toxin C1 (C1), C2 and gonyautoxin 5 (GTX5) and the concomitant increase of GTX2,3. However, the amount of the three unstable toxins did not show any change using the extraction with acetic acid. Under the same concentration of acetic acid (0.3 mol/L) and hydrochloric acid (0.2 mol/L), the amount of C1 in the ultrasonic extraction was obviously lower than the boiling one, while C2 showed slightly higher than the latter.

Inorganic carbon of sediments in the Yangtze River Estuary and Jiaozhou Bay

JGOFS results showed that the ocean is a major sink for the increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide resulting from human activity. However, the role of the coastal seas in the global carbon cycling is poorly understood. In the present work, the inorganic carbon (IC) in the Yangtze River Estuary and Jiaozhou Bay are studied as examples of offshore sediments. Sequential extraction was used to divide inorganic carbon in the sediments into five forms, NaCl form, NH3 H2O form, NaOH form, NH2OH HCl form and HCl form. Studied of their content and influencing factors were also showed that NaCl form < NH3 H2O form < NaOH form < NH2OH HCl form < HCl form, and that their influencing factors of pH, Eh, Es, water content, organic carbon, organic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus on inorganic carbon can be divided into two groups, and that every factor has different influence on different form or on the same form in different environment. Different IC form may transform into each other in the early diagenetic process of sediment, but NaCl form, NH3 H2O form, NaOH form and NH2OH HCl form may convert to HCl form ultimately. So every IC form has different contribution to carbon cycling. This study showed that the contribution of various form of IC to the carbon cycle is in the order of NaOH form > NH2OH HCl form > NH3 H2O form > NaCl form > HCl form, and that the contribution of HCl form contributes little to carbon cycling, HCl form may be one of end-result of atmospheric CO2. So Yangtze River estuary sediment may absorb at least about 40.96x10(11) g atmospheric CO2 every year, which indicated that offshore sediment play an important role in absorbing atmospheric CO2.

Isolation and characterization of venom from nematocysts of jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye

The present work is the first report of the biochemical characterization of the venom from nematocysts of the jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye. The nematocysts were isolated by autolysis and centrifugation and separated by flow cytometry. Four types of nematocysts were identified: mastigophores, euryteles, and atrichous and holotrichous isorhiza. SDS-PAGE and amino acid analyses demonstrated that most of the proteins in the nematocyst extract were between 10 kDa and 40 kDa, and that glutamic acid was the main amino acid. A hemolytic activity assay showed that the activity of the nematocyst venom (RNV) was strongest in Tris-HCl buffer (50 mmol/L, pH 7.8, 5% glycerol, 0.5 mmol/L EDTA, 0.1 mol/L NaCl). The hemolytic activity was related to protein concentration and the HU50 against chicken erythrocytes was 0.91 A mu g/mL.

Recovery of silver (I) using a thiourea-modified chitosan resin

This work describes the preparation of a chelating resin from chemically modified chitosan. The resin was synthesized by using O-carboxymethylated chitosan to cross-link a polymeric Schiffs base of thiourea/glutaraldehyde and characterized by IR. Batch method was applied for testing the resin's adsorption behavior. Adsorption experiments showed the resin had good adsorption capacity and high selectivity for Ag(I) in aqueous solution. The maximum uptake of Ag(I) exhibited was 3.77 mmol/g, at pH 4.0. The results also indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic and fit well with the pseudosecond-order kinetic model. Ag(I) desorption could reach 99.23% using 0.5 M thiourea-2.0 M HCl solution. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Adsorption and Corrosion Inhibition Behavior of Mild Steel by One Derivative of Benzoic-Triazole in Acidic Solution

A newly synthesized benzoic-triazole derivative 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid [1,2,4]triazol-l-ylmethyl ester (DBT) was investigated as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution using weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization, SEM, and EIS methods. The results revealed that DBT was an excellent inhibitor, and the inhibition efficiencies obtained from weight loss and electrochemical experiments were in good agreement. Using the potentiodynamic polarization technique, the inhibitor was proved to have a mixed-type character for mild steel by suppressing both anodic and cathodic reactions on the metal surface. The number of water molecules (X) replaced by a molecule of organic adsorbate was determined from the Flory-Huggins, Dhar-Flory-Huggins, and Bockris-Swinkels substitutional adsorption isotherms applied to the data obtained from the gravimetric experiments performed on a mild steel specimen in 1 M HCl solution at 298 K.

Investigation on the corrosion inhibitive effect of 2H-pyrazole-triazole derivatives in acidic solution

Four research methods, such as weight loss test, electrochemical techniques, adsorption isotherm, and quantum chemical calculation, were employed in this paper to study the inhibition efficiency (IE) and inhibition mechanism of three 2H-pyrazole-triazole derivatives, BHOT, FHOT, and CHOT in 1 M HCl solution for mild steel. Using the electrochemical technique, three inhibitors were proved to show a mixed-type character for mild steel by suppressing both anodic and cathodic reactions on the steel surface. The adsorption models of three compounds were established at different temperatures according to their adsorption isotherms. The results of the quantum chemical calculation method indicated that the adsorption sites of 2H-pyrazole-triazole derivatives were strongly centralized on benzene ring, triazole ring, or other substituents. All the results showed that the three derivatives were excellent inhibitors in I M HCl solution for mild steel.

Electrochemical, quantum chemical and SEM investigation of the inhibiting effect and mechanism of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin on the corrosion for mild steel in hydrochloric acid

The inhibiting effect and mechanism of 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline carboxylicacid(ciprofloxacin), 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline carboxylic acid (norfloxacin) and (-)-(S)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7 H-pyrido(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazine-6 carboxylic acid (ofloxacin) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 mol/L HCl have been studied using electrochemical method, quantum chemical method and SEM at 303 K. The potentiodynamic results showed that these compounds suppressed both cathodic and anodic processes of mild steel corrosion in 1 mol/L HCl. The impedance spectroscopy showed that R-p values increased, and C-dl values decreased with the rising of the working concentration. Quantum chemical calculation showed that there was a positive correlation between some inhibitors structure properties and the inhibitory efficiency. The inhibitors function through adsorption followed Langmuir isotherm, and chemisorption made more contribution to the adsorption of the inhibitors on the steel surface compared with physical adsorption. SEM analysis suggested that the metal had been protected from aggressive corrosion because of the addition of the inhibitors.

Some new triazole derivatives as inhibitors for mild steel corrosion in acidic medium

Two triazole derivatives, 3,4-dichloro-acetophenone-O-1'-(1',3',4'-triazolyl)-methaneoxime (4-DTM) and 2,5-dichloro-acetophenone-O-1'-(1',3',4'-triazolyl)-methaneoxime (5-DTM) were synthesized, and the inhibition effects for mild steel in 1 M HCl solutions were investigated by weight loss measurements, electrochemical tests and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The weight loss measurements showed that these compounds have excellent inhibiting effect at a concentration of 1.0 x 10(-3) M. The potentiodynamic polarization experiment revealed that the triazole derivatives are inhibitors of mixed-type and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed that changes in the impedance parameters (R-ct and C-dl) are due to surface adsorption. The inhibition efficiencies obtained from weight loss measurements and electrochemical tests were in good agreement. Adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm with negative values of the free energy of adsorption Delta G(ads)(o). The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption were determined and are discussed. Results show that both 4-DTM and 5-DTM are good inhibitors for mild steel in acid media.

高硒环境样品中硒的形态分析方法

在恩施富硒碳质岩和土壤样品中硒矿物学研究的基础上,提出了硒连续化学提取的改进方案。化学操作上定义为7个连续步骤:水溶态(MQ 水提取) 、可交换态(0. 1 mol/ L 的K2 HPO4 + KH2 PO4 ,p H = 7. 0) 、有机结合态(011 mol/ L NaOH) 、元素态(1 mol/ L Na2 SO3 溶液) 、酸溶性提取态(15 % CH3CO2 H 溶液) 、硫化物/ 硒化物态(1 mol/ L CrCl2 + HCl 溶液) 和残渣态硒( HNO3 + HF + H2O2 混合消化液) 。使用HGOAFS 法检测了各结合态中的硒形态和总硒,上述流程提取硒加和与总硒间显著一致,平均回收率为9912 % ,符合平行样品间变异系数低于10 %的精度要求。该方法简单易行,能够准确地揭示富硒地质样品中硒的形态信息。

典型高砷煤样品的连续浸取实验研究——兼论黔西南高砷煤中砷的赋存状态

根据以往研究 ,选取了 2个砷含量差异较大的样品 ,利用连续浸取实验 ,结合仪器中子活化分析 (INAA)、等离子原子吸收光谱 (ICP -AES)、等离子质谱 (ICP -MS)测定及X射线吸收精细结构 (XAFS)分析 ,经低温灰化 (LTA)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM -EDX)对黔西南高砷煤中砷的赋存状态进行了研究 ,发现 5 0 %以上的砷不能被NH4 Ac、HCl、HF和HNO3 等无机试剂提取出来 ,结合以往的研究认为砷主要以高价有机砷的形式存在

岩浆—热液体系成矿流体演化及其金属元素气相迁移研究进展

本文从火山喷气、岩浆热液矿床的成矿流体性质、金属元素在蒸汽相中的溶解及在蒸汽/卤水相的分配实验等方面概述了有关金属元素气相迁移及CO2在成矿过程中作用的研究现状。火山喷气的凝结物中高浓度的Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Ag和Au,以及斑岩型矿床中低密度流体包裹体（蒸汽相）中硫化物矿物的存在,预示着上述金属是以蒸汽相搬运的。金属元素在蒸汽相中溶解实验研究表明,金属元素在蒸汽相中以[Me Xm·（H2O）n]水合物的形式存在,其溶解度随着H2O逸度和HCl逸度的增大而增加;熔体—流体体系分配实验研究揭示,NaCl—H2O体系中存在蒸汽—卤水相分离,在含S条件下Au、As等元素通常以HS-离子络合物的形式优先溶于蒸汽相,Fe、Zn、Pb、Mn、Cs等元素以Cl-离子络合物的形式优先富集于卤水相;Cu在富S热液中优先进入蒸汽相,在富Cl贫S热液中通常富集于卤水相,表明Cu在岩浆热液中是以HS-和Cl-两种络合物的形式迁移的。CO2在Au、Cu等金属元素迁移和沉淀过程中可能起重要的作用,不仅促进NaCl—H2O体系相分离,并且促使HS-络合物在蒸汽相富集以及调节成矿流体的酸碱度。斑岩型Cu—Au矿床的矿化过程可概括为3个阶段：高侵位的斑岩分异出的少量岩浆流体主要形成了青磐岩化带和部分钾硅化带,矿化通常不成规模;深部岩浆房早阶段去气作用分异出的岩浆流体主要在斑岩体早期钾化基础上叠加蚀变并形成广泛的浸染状矿化和石英—硫化物细脉,在斑岩体上部形成高级泥化带并形成低温热液型Cu—Au矿化,此阶段为主矿化期;深部岩浆房晚阶段去气作用形成的岩浆流体可能主要使斑岩体和部分围岩形成绢英岩化,并伴随晚期石英—（方解石）—硫化物脉的沉淀。

城市生活垃圾填埋场向大气释放汞的通量及形态研究——以贵阳市和武汉市为例

城市生活垃圾填埋场作为大多数国家生活垃圾的主要处理场所，也常常成为一些有毒有害元素的最终归宿地。很多含汞的废弃产品，如荧光灯管、电池、水银温度计、压力计、电开关、恒温器等，在缺乏分类回收的情况下，大多混入城市生活垃圾并最终进入垃圾填埋场。在填埋场这一特殊场合，汞可以通过物理途径、化学途径、生物途径或不同途径的结合而向大气释放，并且还可能在填埋场内形成毒性很高的甲基形态汞而释放到大气中。国外对垃圾的焚烧处理已经造成了严重的大气汞污染，但是目前对垃圾填埋场向大气释放汞的研究在国内外还不多见，我国几乎还是空白。作为城市生活垃圾的生产大国，我国每年的生活垃圾产量超过1.5亿吨，占世界的1/4以上，且近九成是以填埋法进行处理的，因此研究垃圾填埋场这一人为源向大气排放汞的通量和形态、排放汞的特点以及相关的影响因素，必将为认识该释放源对大气汞的贡献以及评估其对生态环境的影响程度提供重要的参考依据，并为制定控制垃圾填埋场汞污染的相关措施提供指导，本文在理论上和现实上都具有重要意义。 2003年10月份到2006年1月份，我们对贵阳市和武汉市的5座城市生活垃圾填埋场进行了野外实地研究。这几个填埋场包括贵阳市的高雁、大转弯、仙人脚，以及武汉市的金口和岱山垃圾填埋场，它们采用不同的垃圾填埋方式（卫生填埋和简易填埋）并处于不同的运行阶段（封闭的和运行中的）。本文从两个方面开展研究：（1）垃圾填埋场通过地表向大气释放汞的通量；（2）垃圾填埋场向大气释放汞的形态。前者利用低汞空白的石英玻璃动力学通量箱法，结合高时间分辨率的大气自动测汞仪（Tekran 2537A），现场对填埋场内不同特征的地表区域（绿化区、覆土地表、裸露生活垃圾、工作面等）进行了测定；后者利用不同的捕集材料（金管、稀HCl溶液和CarbotrapTM捕集管），对排气筒垃圾填埋气中的不同形态汞（气态总汞、单甲基汞和二甲基汞）进行预富集，并结合气相色谱、冷原子荧光等检测技术进行测定。根据同步测定的相关参数对垃圾填埋场向大气释放汞的过程和影响机制进行了探讨，对垃圾填埋场向大气的排汞量进行了估算。另外对垃圾填埋场周围环境介质中的汞分布特征进行了探讨。通过两年多的野外工作，得到以下主要结论： （1）垃圾填埋场地表与大气间的汞交换通量主要以向大气的释放为主，少数情况下（如降雨、大气汞浓度较高时）也会出现大气向地表的沉降。地表/大气间的汞交换过程具有明显的日变化特征，一般在白天中午前后达到最高，夜间降至最低，并维持在稳定的水平。汞交换过程主要与光照等气象因子有关，通量强度白天高于夜间、晴天高于阴雨天。另外，通量还与基质中的汞含量密切相关，汞含量越高，排放强度越大，生活垃圾的汞含量一般高于覆盖土壤，因而裸露的生活垃圾或工作面区域汞释放强度明显高于有土壤覆盖的区域。绿化措施（植草和种树）有效的降低了汞的释放。垃圾填埋场地表汞的释放强度暖季节高出冷季节数倍。地表/大气间的汞交换通量特征显示，垃圾填埋场向大气释放汞的主要来源为上层基质，而非填埋场内部，由于覆土隔离层的屏障作用使得填埋场内部的气态汞很难垂直向上迁移和释放。垃圾填埋场的汞释放强度与城市规模以及经济发展水平没有直接相关性。 （2）垃圾填埋场地表/大气间的汞交换通量强度由于以上因素的影响，在不同地表区域以及不同时段内都可能发生很大变化。封闭的垃圾填埋场地表/大气间的汞交换通量最高出现在汞污染的覆土区，其次为未污染的覆土区，最低为绿化区，三种区域平均的汞交换通量分别为112.8~559.1、50.7~53.6、19.7 ng Hg m-2 h-1。运行中的垃圾填埋场地表/大气间的汞交换通量最高为裸露垃圾区和工作面，最高达5609.6 ng Hg m-2 h-1，平均为57.5~664.6 ng Hg m-2 h-1；其次为老的覆土区，平均为19.6~192.5 ng Hg m-2 h-1；新盖覆土区最低，平均为-1.4~27.8 ng Hg m-2 h-1。垃圾填埋场的工作面具有最大的汞释放潜力，但是因大气汞浓度较高以及波动较大等原因，动力学通量箱法无法真实测定该区域的汞释放强度，运用美国环保局提供的面状复合工业污染源模型（ISCST3）对工作面的汞释放强度估算显示，不同天气状况下的平均释汞因子为0.93 mg Hg t-1垃圾。与全球以及区域背景土壤相比，垃圾填埋场向大气的单位面积释汞强度要高出数倍乃至数千倍。因而城市生活填埋场必将对大气汞环境，特别是局域大气汞环境造成一定影响。 （3）垃圾填埋场排气筒释放的垃圾填埋气中不同形态汞的浓度差别很大。高雁、金口和岱山垃圾填埋场排气筒的气态总汞浓度为2.0~1406.0 ng Hg m-3，3座填埋场平均分别为89.8、24.6和14.2 ng Hg m-3。气态总汞浓度主要与排气筒附近的垃圾汞含量有关，并表现出一定的日变化特征，晴天比较稳定，降雨过程中上升很快，降雨过后又恢复到降雨前的水平。这一有趣现象主要与降雨时雨水置换填埋场内的含汞气体、大气压下降、通过地表释放的通道受阻有关。高雁垃圾填埋场垃圾填埋气中的单甲基汞和二甲基汞平均浓度为1.93 ng Hg m-3和9.21 ng Hg m-3，分别占同期气态总汞的0.51％和1.79％。垃圾填埋气中的甲基形态汞浓度高出背景区域大气3个数量级以上，使得垃圾填埋场成为大气甲基汞已知不多的、重要的释放来源之一。 （4）结合垃圾填埋场不同特征地表的面积以及对应的汞交换通量强度、工作面的垃圾处理量以及汞的释放因子，估算本研究的5座垃圾填埋场每年通过地表向大气的释汞量为17~1111 g Hg yr-1，工作面贡献67％~91％，覆土区较少，绿化区最少。根据垃圾填埋气的产量以及其中不同形态汞的含量，估算高雁、金口和岱山垃圾填埋场每年通过排气筒向大气的排汞量在1~2 g Hg yr-1之间；高雁填埋场通过排气筒每年向大气释放的单甲基汞和二甲基汞为20和90 mg Hg yr-1。垃圾填埋场向大气释放汞的通道主要为地表，而排气筒的贡献仅为0.2％左右（地表＋排气筒）。对全国垃圾填埋场进行的初步估算显示，2004年我国这一人为源向大气的排汞量约为600 kg Hg yr-1，占我国大气人为汞释放源的1％以下。 （5）垃圾填埋场大气中的不同形态汞浓度明显高于全球背景值，但与区域大气相当或稍高一点，部分区域有轻微污染，总体而言属于“安全”浓度范围。城市生活垃圾中的汞含量分布极不均匀，浓度为0.170~46.222 mg kg-1，几何均值0.574 mg kg-1，个别异常偏高的样品可能是被含汞的废弃产品污染了，大部分垃圾汞含量低于0.5 mg kg-1。不同垃圾填埋场覆盖土壤的汞含量差异显著，反映了填埋场所在区域的土壤背景值以及垃圾填埋活动对覆盖土壤的污染程度，有时覆土的汞含量超过区域土壤背景值的2~23倍。填埋场生长的植物因生活习性的不同汞含量分布特征也不同。高雁垃圾填埋场产生的渗滤液汞含量较低，为79.4 ng l-1，主要因为垃圾汞含量低、渗滤液呈碱性、难溶硫化物的形成以及有机/无机物对汞的吸附等。以高雁垃圾填埋场为例进行的质量平衡计算显示，每年排向渗滤液和大气的汞分别占每年输入填埋场总量的0.004％和0.3％，其余超过99％的汞仍然保留在垃圾填埋场的固体废物中，这一特点使得垃圾填埋场向大气的排汞量远低于垃圾焚烧法，后者由于高温作用使得垃圾中的汞几乎全部挥发进入大气。 （6）减少垃圾填埋场汞污染的措施包括：从源头上杜绝含汞的进入，如减少含汞产品的生产和使用，对含汞废弃产品进行专门的收集和处理；垃圾填埋以后及时进行覆土和绿化，特别是在工作面，应争取做到每日覆土；垃圾填埋场产生的气体应收集和处理，将其进行焚烧（沼气发电）可以分解其中的甲基形态汞，降低其毒性。