Engendering Group Support Based Foresight for Capital Intensive Manufacturing Industries - Case Paper and Steel Industry Scenarios by 2018

In recent times of global turmoil, the need for uncertainty management has become ever momentous. The need for enhanced foresight especially concerns capital-intensive industries, which need to commit their resources and assets with long-term planning horizons. Scenario planning has been acknowledged to have many virtues - and limitations - concerning the mapping of the future and illustrating the alternative development paths. The present study has been initiated to address both the need of improved foresight in two capital-intensive industries, i.e. the paper and steel industries and the imperfections in the current scenario practice. The research problem has been approached by engendering a problem-solving vehicle, which combines, e.g. elements of generic scenario process, face-to-face group support methods, deductive scenario reasoning and causal mapping into a fully integrated scenario process. The process, called the SAGES scenario framework, has been empirically tested by creating alternative futures for two capital-intensive industries, i.e. the paper and steel industries. Three scenarios for each industry have been engendered together with the identification of the key megatrends, the most important foreign investment determinants, key future drivers and leading indicators for the materialisation of the scenarios. The empirical results revealed a two-fold outlook for the paper industry, while the steel industry future was seen as much more positive. The research found support for utilising group support systems in scenario and strategic planning context with some limitations. Key perceived benefits include high time-efficiency, productivity and lower resource-intensiveness. Group support also seems to enhance participant satisfaction, encourage innovative thinking and provide the users with personalised qualitative scenarios.

Musikalisk lärandemiljö : planerade musikaktiviteter med småbarn i daghem

A musically stimulating nvironment is of great significance when considering the opportunities for development and learning that are offered to children in day nurseries. Moreover, the quality of musical activities also has great significance for the musical development of growing children. Young children are always striving to create meaning and understanding; they influence and are influenced by the context in which they are situated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the planned music activities in the musical learning environment of seven toddler’s groups in day nurseries, based on four different aspects: the texts of children’s songs, the melodies of children’s songs, the basic elements of music and the use of instrumentation. The data has been gathered by video observation of the planned music activities. The age of the children studied ranged from 11 months to 3 years and 11 months, and on average there were 13 children in each group. The study involved a total of just over 90 children and nine educators. The methodological approaches are hermeneutic as well as videographic, and they are applied to the analysis as required. The approaches are well suited to an understanding of the planned music activities where the individual’s communications and actions are studied. The results of the study show that educators impart a cultural heritage to the children in the form of old traditional songs, but they also act as intermediaries for newer children's songs. They focus on actively on the text content of the children’s songs in their interaction with the children, but do not address the meaning of the text. Furthermore, while the educators use music sessions for the children to develop, among other things, an understanding of language and social skills, they do not use the sessions to develop the children’s musical skills. The educators could, to a much greater extent than they now do, direct the children's attention to the basic elements of music, and conduct meta-cognitive dialogues with the children. They use a large repertoire of children's songs, which are, however, often too demanding for the children’s voices to cope with. In addition, the educators do not plan, in any significant way, activities for the toddlers in order to help them develop the accuracy of their vocal tones. With regard to the use of instruments, the educators focus, in their interaction with the children, is placed on both the usage of the instruments and knowledge about the instruments. Regarding the use of instruments the study shows that the children’s musical expression takes place in an environment that includes both melody and rhythm instruments. It is clear that children are actively interested in the constructed instrument environment, because for long periods of time they independently play and experiment with instruments.

Diarrhea outbreaks in suckling piglets due to rotavirus group C single and mixed (rotavirus groups A and B) infections

Porcine group A rotavirus (PoRVA) is a major cause of neonatal diarrhea in suckling and recently weaned piglets worldwide. The involvement of non-group A rotavirus in cases of neonatal diarrhea in piglets are sporadic. In Brazil there are no reports of the porcine rotavirus group C (PoRVC) as etiologic agent of the diarrhea outbreaks in piglets. The aim of this study was to describe the identification of rotavirus group C in single and in mixed infection with rotavirus groups A and B in three neonatal diarrhea outbreaks in suckling (<21-day-old) piglets, with 70% to 80% and 20% to 25% of morbidity and lethality rates, respectively, in three pig herds located in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The diagnosis of PoRV in the diarrheic fecal samples was performed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to identify the presence of porcine rotavirus groups A, B (PoRVB), and C, and by RT-PCR (PoRVA and PoRVC) and semi-nested (SN)-PCR (PoRVB) to partially amplify the VP4 (VP8*)-VP7, NSP2, and VP6 genes of PoRVA, PoRVB, and PoRVC, respectively. One RT-PCR (PoRVA and PoRVC) and SN-PCR (PoRVB) product of each group of rotavirus of each diarrhea outbreak was submitted to nucleotide (nt) sequence analysis. Based on the PAGE technique, 4 (25%) and 1 (6.25%) of the 16 diarrheic fecal samples evaluated in the first outbreak presented PoRVA and PoRVC electropherotype, respectively, and 11 (68.75%) were negative. In the second outbreak, 3 (42.85%) of the 7 fecal samples evaluated presented PoRVA electropherotype, and in 3 (42.85%) and in 1 (14.3%) fecal samples were detected inconclusive and negative results, respectively. Three (30%) of the 10 fecal samples of the third outbreak presented PoRVC electropherotype; 5 (50%) and 2 (20%) samples showed negative and inconclusive results, respectively. Based on the RT-PCR and SN-PCR assays in the first neonatal diarrhea outbreak, PoRVC was detected in 13 (81.2%) of the 16 diarrheic fecal samples evaluated. PoRVC single infection was identified in 4 (25%) of these samples and mixed infections with PoRVA and PoRVB in 9 (56.2%) fecal samples. All of the seven diarrheic fecal samples evaluated from the second neonatal diarrhea outbreak were positive for PoRVC, whereas its mixed infection with other PoRV groups was detected in 4 (57.2%) samples. In the third outbreak, PoRVC in single infection was detected in all of the 10 diarrheic fecal samples analyzed. In the nt sequence analysis, the PoRVA strains of the first and second outbreaks demonstrated higher nt identity with G4P[6] and G9P[23] genotypes, respectively. The PoRVB strains (first and second outbreaks) and the PoRVC strains (first, second, and third outbreaks) showed higher nt identity and clustered in the phylogenetic tree with PoRVB and PoRVC strains that belong to the N4 and I1 genotypes, respectively. This is the first description in Brazil of the involvement of PoRVC in the etiology of diarrhea outbreaks in suckling piglets. The results of this study demonstrated that PoRVC, in both single and mixed infections, is an important enteropathogen involved in neonatal diarrhea outbreaks in piglets and that the use of more sensitive diagnostic techniques allows the identification of mixed infections involving two or even three groups of PoRV, which may be more common than previously reported.

Reusing repository data: migration of data between repositories

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Exploring the Impact of Mental Health Education on Adolescents’ Perceptions About Mental Health and Mental Illness. Improving community health

The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of mental health and mental illness as well as the perceptions towards people with mental illness among adolescents, and further to examine the impact that a mental health educational intervention has on these perceptions. The review of the literature revealed a small number of publications on mental health educational interventions among adolescents which aimed at increasing knowledge and affecting attitudes towards mental illness with positive results. Fifty nine pupils (13-16 years old) from two randomly selected secondary schools around Athens, Greece, participated in this study. These schools were randomly selected as the experimental group (n=28) which participated in the mental health educational intervention, and the comparison group (n=31), which did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using individual interviews with open-ended questions, drawings and a questionnaire (Opinions about Mental Illness - O.M.I. scale). The participants described mental health and mental illness before and after the intervention, using the same expressions for both terms. Among the experimental group, changes were seen within the same expressions after the intervention, although some descriptions did not change. However, after the intervention, participants in the experimental group did not confuse mental health with mental illness and they also included specific diagnostic examples or stated that mental illness can happen to anyone and it can be managed. Moreover, they expressed positive attitudes towards mentally ill people, which they had not done before the intervention. The analysis of the drawings before the intervention showed that mentally ill persons were drawn similarly in both groups. After the intervention, the drawings of the participants in the experimental group changed, including fewer negative elements, while the drawings of the comparison group did not change. Regarding the results on the O.M.I. scale, it was found that the score on the Social Discrimination factor significantly decreased from pre-test to post-test in both study groups. The experimental group had higher levels on Social Discrimination at pre-test compared to the comparison group, but this difference was not significant at post-test. No significant changes were found for the Social Restriction factor for either study group. Scores of the Social Care and Social Integration factors increased significantly only in the intervention group. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the mental health educational intervention had a positive impact on the perceptions about mental health and mental illness among adolescents, and (mental) health professionals can use these results for implementing similar interventions and further research.

A mathematical framework for group analysis of von Willebrand factor multimeric composition following luminography

The objective of the present study was to establish a method for quantitative analysis of von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimeric composition using a mathematical framework based on curve fitting. Plasma vWF multimers from 15 healthy subjects and 13 patients with advanced pulmonary vascular disease were analyzed by Western immunoblotting followed by luminography. Quantitative analysis of luminographs was carried out by calculating the relative densities of low, intermediate and high molecular weight fractions using laser densitometry. For each densitometric peak (representing a given fraction of vWF multimers) a mean area value was obtained using data from all group subjects (patients and normal individuals) and plotted against the distance between the peak and IgM (950 kDa). Curves were constructed for each group using nonlinear fitting. Results indicated that highly accurate curves could be obtained for healthy controls and patients, with respective coefficients of determination (r²) of 0.9898 and 0.9778. Differences were observed between patients and normal subjects regarding curve shape, coefficients and the region of highest protein concentration. We conclude that the method provides accurate quantitative information on the composition of vWF multimers and may be useful for comparisons between groups and possibly treatments.

The importance of package design to Japanese consumers: The role of visual and informational elements of package design in decision making

The importance of package design as a marketing tool is growing as the competition in retail environment increases. However, there is a lack of studies on how each element of package design affects consumer decisions in different countries. The objective of this thesis is to study the role of package design to Japanese consumers. The research was conducted through an experiment with a sample of 37 Japanese female participants. They were divided into two groups and were given different tasks: one group had to choose a chocolate for themselves, and the other for a group of friends. The participants were presented with 15 different Finnish chocolate boxes to choose from. The qualitative data was gathered through observation and semi-structured interviews. In addition, data from questionnaires was quantified and all the data was triangulated. The empirical results suggest that visual elements strongly affect the decision making of Japanese consumers. Image was the most important element which acted as both, a visual and an informational aspect in the experiment. Informational elements on the other hand have little effect, especially when the context is written in a foreign language. However, informational elements affected participants who were choosing chocolates for a group of friends. A unique finding was the importance of kawaii (cuteness) to Japanese consumers.

Designing gamification for collaborative learning in group work

Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is a teaching and learning approach which is widely adopted. However there are still some problems can be found when CSCL takes place. Studies show that using game-like mechanics can increase motivation, engagement, as well as modelling behaviors of players. Gamification is a rapid growing trend by applying the same mechanics. It refers to use game design elements in non-game contexts. This thesis is about combining gamification concept and computer supported collaborative learning together in software engineering education field. And finally a gamified prototype system is designed.

NEGOTIATING IN FINNISH GROCERY RETAIL - Negotiation Narratives of S-group, Kesko and Lidl

In this research retail negotiations are explored through the question: What characteristics are distinctive to negotiating in Finnish grocery retail trade? To shed light on the research question I interviewed experienced retail negotiators and mapped out the most important characteristics of the retail negotiations. I described through examples the most prominent challenges negotiators face in their negotiations and elaborated what kind of tools the experienced negotiators use to overcome those challenges. The research results add up to a groundwork frame for retail negotiations with which further research can be more easily directed to any area of interest in the Finnish grocery retail negotiations. The framework can give ideas or frames for further research, or function as a general guideline of factors to consider when negotiating in Finnish retail field. The results were divided into 3 sections: Characteristics, Challenges and Tools. Different negotiation models help negotiators and researchers understand negotiation dynamics. This research adds to that pool by focusing on elements essential to consider specifically in the context of Finnish retail. Finland offered an exceptionally interesting setting to study negotiation, as grocery retail trade in Finland is highly centralized. Especially for those interested understanding a centralized setting such as Finland’s retail field, the framework presented in this research might provide a valuable spectrum of essential negotiation elements. Learning is a lifelong process, but that path can be evened by tuning in on what others have learned during their own endeavors in similar situations. Seasoned negotiators have many stories to tell about negotiating that can be drawn upon and by doing so, we can avoid having to spend time learning the same insights twice. This research drew on narrative, case-research and interviewing to find out how seasoned negotiators in the field of Finnish retail experienced negotiation, what challenges negotiations pose and what tools can be used to overcome them

An axiomatic characterization of the MVSHN group fitness ordering

In order to analyze a unicellular-multicellular evolutionary transition, a multicellular organism is identified with the vector of viabilities and fecundities of its constituent cells. The Michod–Viossat–Solari–Hurand–Nedelcu index of group fitness for a multicellular organism is a function of these cell viabilities and fecundities. The MVSHN index has been used to analyze the germ-soma specialization and the fitness decoupling between the cell and organism levels that takes place during the transition to multicellularity. In this article, social choice theory is used to provide an axiomatic characterization of the group fitness ordering of vectors of cell viabilities and fecundities underlying the MVSHN index.

Religiosité moderne et transformation personnelle : le cas des pratiquants de l'Ashtanga yoga à Montréal

Dans le contexte de l’expression moderne de la religiosité, l’étude explore comment les méthodes de l’Ashtanga yoga produisent l’expérience de la transformation chez les individus qui les pratiquent et qui atteint, dans une certaine mesure, leur entourage. Ethnographiquement, le mémoire se concentre sur le rituel principal de l’Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga (AVY), les séances de style Mysore, telle qu’exercé par la communauté de pratiquants de la Sattva Yoga Shala à Montréal. En tant que performance, le rituel met en branle le potentiel de transformation. La pratique de ce yoga implique une discipline et un apprentissage draconien sur une longue échelle temporelle qui amènent, au fur et à mesure, des changements se répercutant dans/et influençant le vécu quotidien des adeptes. Le mémoire résume d’abord les bases littéraires du yoga, et le contexte historique de l’avènement de l’AVY ainsi que celui de sa venue à Montréal. Pour solidifier l’analyse, le travail poursuit par l’idéologie et la praxis du groupe d’étude. Le coeur de l’analyse suit. Nous examinons premièrement les modalités potentielles à la transformation du soi, c’est-à-dire les éléments rituels généraux et ceux spécifiques à l’AVY; puis, nous nous penchons sur ce que ces modalités développent, permettent, et changent chez les répondants, donc leurs impacts. Dans cette recherche, l’Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga est à la fois une réalité empirique et une catégorie analytique servant à approfondir les connaissances anthropologiques sur le phénomène de la transformation personnelle selon le cadre expérientiel de la religiosité moderne.

L’examen médical à la suite d’une agression sexuelle : qui sont les enfants qui en bénéficient

À la suite du dévoilement d’une agression sexuelle, l’examen médical est l’une des étapes importantes qui sont recommandées pour les enfants victimes, mais seulement certains d’entre eux le complètent. L’objectif de la présente étude est de vérifier si les enfants qui font l’examen anogénital à la suite du dévoilement d’agression sexuelle sont différents de ceux qui n’en font pas ainsi que de documenter les variables, notamment les caractéristiques de l’enfant, de la famille, de l’agresseur et de l’agression, qui pourraient prédire le fait de compléter cet examen. L’échantillon est composé de 211 enfants âgés de 6 à 13 ans recevant des services au Centre d’expertise Marie-Vincent. Une régression logistique binaire révèle que l’absence d’emploi de la mère (RC = 6,15), être victime d’une agression sexuelle très sévère (RC = 6,02), être victime d’un agresseur adulte (RC = 3,43) et provenir d’une famille monoparentale (RC = 2,89) contribuent à prédire si l’examen anogénital est réalisé ou pas à la suite du dévoilement. Les résultats confirment que les enfants complètent l’examen surtout afin de trouver des éléments de preuves et que parmi ceux qui pourraient en bénéficier pour leur bien-être, plusieurs ne sont pas rencontrés.

L’explication de la délinquance prolifique : l’importance de l’interaction entre le risque individuel et le risque contextuel

Le but de cette thèse est d’expliquer la délinquance prolifique de certains délinquants. Nous avançons la thèse que la délinquance prolifique s’explique par la formation plus fréquente de situations criminogènes. Ces situations réfèrent au moment où un délinquant entre en interaction avec une opportunité criminelle dans un contexte favorable au crime. Plus exactement, il s’agit du moment où le délinquant fait face à cette opportunité, mais où le crime n’a pas encore été commis. La formation de situations criminogènes est facilitée par l’interaction et l’interdépendance de trois éléments : la propension à la délinquance de la personne, son entourage criminalisé et son style de vie. Ainsi, la délinquance prolifique ne pourrait être expliquée adéquatement sans tenir compte de l’interaction entre le risque individuel et le risque contextuel. L’objectif général de la présente thèse est de faire la démonstration de l’importance d’une modélisation interactionnelle entre le risque individuel et le risque contextuel afin d’expliquer la délinquance plus prolifique de certains contrevenants. Pour ce faire, 155 contrevenants placés sous la responsabilité de deux établissements des Services correctionnels du Québec et de quatre centres jeunesse du Québec ont complété un protocole d’évaluation par questionnaires auto-administrés. Dans un premier temps (chapitre trois), nous avons décrit et comparé la nature de la délinquance autorévélée des contrevenants de notre échantillon. Ce premier chapitre de résultats a permis de mettre en valeur le fait que ce bassin de contrevenants est similaire à d’autres échantillons de délinquants en ce qui a trait à la nature de leur délinquance, plus particulièrement, au volume, à la variété et à la gravité de leurs crimes. En effet, la majorité des participants rapportent un volume faible de crimes contre la personne et contre les biens alors qu’un petit groupe se démarque par un lambda très élevé (13,1 % des délinquants de l’échantillon sont responsables de 60,3% de tous les crimes rapportés). Environ quatre délinquants sur cinq rapportent avoir commis au moins un crime contre la personne et un crime contre les biens. De plus, plus de 50% de ces derniers rapportent dans au moins quatre sous-catégories. Finalement, bien que les délinquants de notre échantillon aient un IGC (indice de gravité de la criminalité) moyen relativement faible (médiane = 77), près de 40% des contrevenants rapportent avoir commis au moins un des deux crimes les plus graves recensés dans cette étude (décharger une arme et vol qualifié). Le second objectif spécifique était d’explorer, au chapitre quatre, l’interaction entre les caractéristiques personnelles, l’entourage et le style de vie des délinquants dans la formation de situations criminogènes. Les personnes ayant une propension à la délinquance plus élevée semblent avoir tendance à être davantage entourées de personnes criminalisées et à avoir un style de vie plus oisif. L’entourage criminalisé semble également influencer le style de vie de ces délinquants. Ainsi, l’interdépendance entre ces trois éléments facilite la formation plus fréquente de situations criminogènes et crée une conjoncture propice à l’émergence de la délinquance prolifique. Le dernier objectif spécifique de la thèse, qui a été couvert dans le chapitre cinq, était d’analyser l’impact de la formation de situations criminogènes sur la nature de la délinquance. Les analyses de régression linéaires multiples et les arbres de régression ont permis de souligner la contribution des caractéristiques personnelles, de l’entourage et du style de vie dans l’explication de la nature de la délinquance. D’un côté, les analyses de régression (modèles additifs) suggèrent que l’ensemble des éléments favorisant la formation de situations criminogènes apporte une contribution unique à l’explication de la délinquance. D’un autre côté, les arbres de régression nous ont permis de mieux comprendre l’interaction entre les éléments dans l’explication de la délinquance prolifique. En effet, un positionnement plus faible sur certains éléments peut être compensé par un positionnement plus élevé sur d’autres. De plus, l’accumulation d’éléments favorisant la formation de situations criminogènes ne se fait pas de façon linéaire. Ces conclusions sont appuyées sur des proportions de variance expliquée plus élevées que celles des régressions linéaires multiples. En conclusion, mettre l’accent que sur un seul élément (la personne et sa propension à la délinquance ou le contexte et ses opportunités) ou leur combinaison de façon simplement additive ne permet pas de rendre justice à la complexité de l’émergence de la délinquance prolifique. En mettant à l’épreuve empiriquement cette idée généralement admise, cette thèse permet donc de souligner l’importance de considérer l’interaction entre le risque individuel et le risque contextuel dans l’explication de la délinquance prolifique.

Computing Generators of Free Modules over Orders in Group Algebras

Let E be a number field and G be a finite group. Let A be any O_E-order of full rank in the group algebra E[G] and X be a (left) A-lattice. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for X to be free of given rank d over A. In the case that the Wedderburn decomposition E[G] \cong \oplus_xM_x is explicitly computable and each M_x is in fact a matrix ring over a field, this leads to an algorithm that either gives elements \alpha_1,...,\alpha_d \in X such that X = A\alpha_1 \oplus ... \oplusA\alpha_d or determines that no such elements exist. Let L/K be a finite Galois extension of number fields with Galois group G such that E is a subfield of K and put d = [K : E]. The algorithm can be applied to certain Galois modules that arise naturally in this situation. For example, one can take X to be O_L, the ring of algebraic integers of L, and A to be the associated order A(E[G];O_L) \subseteq E[G]. The application of the algorithm to this special situation is implemented in Magma under certain extra hypotheses when K = E = \IQ.

Predicted properties of the superheavy elements. III. Element 115, Eka-Bismuth

Element 115 is expected to be in group V-a of the periodic table and have most stable oxidation states of I and III. The oxidation state of I, which plays a minor role in bismuth chemistry, should be a major factor in 115 chemistry. This change will arise because of the large relativistic splitting of the spherically symmetric 7p_l/2 shell from the 7P_3/2 shell. Element 115 will therefore have a single 7p_3/2 electron outside a 7p^2_1/2 closed shell. The magnitude of the first ionization energy and ionic radius suggest a chemistry similar to Tl^+. Similar considerations suggest that 115^3+ will have a chemistry similar to Bi^3+. Hydrolysis will therefore be easy and relatively strongly complexing anions of strong acids will be needed in general to effect studies of complexation chemistry. Some other properties of 115 predicted are as follows: ionization potentials I 5.2 eV, II 18.1 eV, III 27.4 eV, IV 48.5 eV, 0 \rightarrow 5^+ 159 eV; heat of sublimation, 34 kcal (g-atom)^-1; atomic radius, 2.0 A; ionic radius, 115^+ 1.5 A, 115^3+ 1.0 A; entropy, 16 cal deg^-1 (g-atom)^-l (25°); standard electrode potential 115^+ |115, -1.5 V; melting and boiling points are similar to element 113.