A probable dual mode of action for both L- and D-lactate neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia.

Lactate has been shown to offer neuroprotection in several pathologic conditions. This beneficial effect has been attributed to its use as an alternative energy substrate. However, recent description of the expression of the HCA1 receptor for lactate in the central nervous system calls for reassessment of the mechanism by which lactate exerts its neuroprotective effects. Here, we show that HCA1 receptor expression is enhanced 24 hours after reperfusion in an middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model, in the ischemic cortex. Interestingly, intravenous injection of L-lactate at reperfusion led to further enhancement of HCA1 receptor expression in the cortex and striatum. Using an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation model, we show that the HCA1 receptor agonist 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid reduces cell death. We also observed that D-lactate, a reputedly non-metabolizable substrate but partial HCA1 receptor agonist, also provided neuroprotection in both in vitro and in vivo ischemia models. Quite unexpectedly, we show D-lactate to be partly extracted and oxidized by the rodent brain. Finally, pyruvate offered neuroprotection in vitro whereas acetate was ineffective. Our data suggest that L- and D-lactate offer neuroprotection in ischemia most likely by acting as both an HCA1 receptor agonist for non-astrocytic (most likely neuronal) cells as well as an energy substrate.

Français 2700

Contient : 1° Inventaire des « livres de tres souverain et tres excellent prince roy Charles le Quint,... l'an de grace.MCCCLXXIII... par... GILET MALET, son varlet de chambre » ; 2° « Le Compte de madame Nichole de Chambly, vefve de feu messire Giles Malet » ; 3° « Inventoire des livres du roy Charles VI,... l'an mil.CCCC. et.X., par sire MICHEL DELAILLIER,... NICOLAS DES PREZ,... et JEHAN LE BEGUE,... »

Français 2700

Contient : 1° Inventaire des « livres de tres souverain et tres excellent prince roy Charles le Quint,... l'an de grace.MCCCLXXIII... par... GILET MALET, son varlet de chambre » ; 2° « Le Compte de madame Nichole de Chambly, vefve de feu messire Giles Malet » ; 3° « Inventoire des livres du roy Charles VI,... l'an mil.CCCC. et.X., par sire MICHEL DELAILLIER,... NICOLAS DES PREZ,... et JEHAN LE BEGUE,... »

Structural studies and gabbro mylonitization within the Barton Bay Deformation Zone, Geraldton, Ontario /

Structures related to ductile siMple shear parallel to the Bankf ield-Tonbill Fault, define a 5km wide zone, the Barton Bay Deformation Zone. Structures present within this zone Include; simple shear fabrics S, C and C , asymmetric Z shaped folds with rotated axes, boudinage and pinch and swell structures and a subhorlzontal extension llneation. The most highly deformed rock is a gabbro mylonite which occurs in the fault zone. The deformation of this gabbro has been traced in stages from a protomylonite to an ultramylonite In which feldspar and chlorite grainslze has been reduced from over 100 microns to as little as 5 microns. Evidence from the mylonite and the surrounding structure indicates that deformation within the Barton Bay Deformation Zone is related to a regional simple shear zone, the Bankf ield-Tombill Fault. Movement along this shear zone was in a south over north oblique strike slip fashion with a dextral sense of displacement.

A preliminary study of the MDH variability in Lemna minor - Lemna turionifera /

Lemna minor is a small aquatic polyploid angiosperm which reproduces apomictically and has a worldwide distribution. This study was vmdertaken to characterize the extent and nature of phenotypic variability. The techniques of starch gel electrophoresis were used in this investigation and. MDH phenotypes of several populations from Ontario, USA and Africa were examined and compared. Heat stability, molecular weight and cell fractionation analyses were also done to identify locus specific MDH bands. The results of the population surveys suggest that there is little genetic variability present both within and between Lemna minor/Lemna turionifera . Evidence of correlation of physiological and seasonal variation patterns was found.

Sculpture by R. Bret Price and Harold Hutton Sports Center, Chapman College, Orange, California

Sculpture by R. Bret Price in front of the Harold Hutton Sports Center, 219 E. Sycamore St., Chapman College, Orange, California. The Harold Hutton Sports Center completed in 1978, is named in honor of this former trustee, and made possible by a gift from his wife, Betty Hutton Williams. Image used for holiday card by Chapman College president G. T. "Buck" Smith and his wife Joni.

Smith Hall, Chapman College, Orange, California

Smith Hall, 215 E. Palm St., Chapman College, Orange, California. This building was completed in 1913 as the Science Building for Orange Union High School and was acquired by Chapman in 1954. In 1988 it was named in honor of former president G.T. (Buck) Smith and his wife, Joni. Buck Smith served as president of the university from 1977 to 1988. This building (2 floors, basement, 15,263 sq.ft.) houses the Psychology Department and is listed in the National Registry for Historical Buildings.

Smith Hall, Chapman University, Orange, California

Entrance to Smith Hall, Chapman College, Orange, California. This building was completed in 1913 as the Science Building for Orange Union High School and was acquired by Chapman in 1954. In 1988 it was named in honor of former president G.T. (Buck) Smith and his wife, Joni. Buck Smith served as president of the university from 1977 to 1988. This building (2 floors, basement, 15,263 sq.ft.) houses the Psychology Department and is listed in the National Registry for Historical Buildings.

Smith Hall, Chapman University, Orange, California

Looking south to Smith Hall, Chapman College, Orange, California. This building was completed in 1913 as the Science Building for Orange Union High School and was acquired by Chapman in 1954. In 1988 it was named in honor of former president G.T. (Buck) Smith and his wife, Joni. Buck Smith served as president of the university from 1977 to 1988. This building (2 floors, basement, 15,263 sq.ft.) houses the Psychology Department and is listed in the National Registry for Historical Buildings.

Smith Hall, Chapman University, Orange, California

Looking south to front of Smith Hall, Chapman College, Orange, California. This building was completed in 1913 as the Science Building for Orange Union High School and was acquired by Chapman in 1954. In 1988 it was named in honor of former president G.T. (Buck) Smith and his wife, Joni. Buck Smith served as president of the university from 1977 to 1988. This building (2 floors, basement, 15,263 sq.ft.) houses the Psychology Department and is listed in the National Registry for Historical Buildings.

Smith Hall, Chapman University, Orange, California

Smith Hall, Chapman College, Orange, California, looking southwest. This building was completed in 1913 as the Science Building for Orange Union High School and was acquired by Chapman in 1954. In 1988 it was named in honor of former president G.T. (Buck) Smith and his wife, Joni. Buck Smith served as president of the university from 1977 to 1988. This building (2 floors, basement, 15,263 sq.ft.) houses the Psychology Department and is listed in the National Registry for Historical Buildings.

Smith Hall, Chapman University, Orange, California

View across lawn of Smith Hall, Chapman College, Orange, California. This building was completed in 1913 as the Science Building for Orange Union High School and was acquired by Chapman in 1954. In 1988 it was named in honor of former president G.T. (Buck) Smith and his wife, Joni. Buck Smith served as president of the university from 1977 to 1988. This building (2 floors, basement, 15,263 sq.ft.) houses the Psychology Department and is listed in the National Registry for Historical Buildings.

Two discourses, delivered to the Second Presbyterian Society in Newburyport, August 20, 1812, the day recommended by the President of the United States, for national humiliation and prayer

Printed by W.R. and H. G. Allen