In vitro antimicrobial assessment of Cuban propolis extracts

Propolis is a resinous mixture of different plant exudates collected by honeybees. Currently, propolis is widely used as a food supplement and in folk medicine. We have evaluated 20 Cuban propolis extracts of different chemical types, brown (BCP), red and yellow (YCP), with respect to their in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and antiprotozoal properties. The extracts inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton rubrum at low µg/mL concentrations, whereas they were not active against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The major activity of the extracts was found against the protozoa Leishmania, Trypanosoma and Plasmodium, although cytotoxicity against MRC-5 cells was also observed. The BCP-3, YCP-39 and YCP-60 extracts showed the highest activity against P. falciparum, with 50% of microbial growth (IC50) values of 0.2 µg/mL. A positive correlation between the biological activity and the chemical composition was observed for YCP extracts. The most promising antimicrobial activity corresponds to YCP subtype B, which contains acetyl triterpenes as the main constituents. The present in vitro study highlights the potential of propolis against protozoa, but further research is needed to increase selectivity towards the parasite. The observed chemical composition-activity relationship of propolis can contribute to the identification of the active principles and standardisation of this bee product.

Jo vull ser un pink floyd: el retrat d’una generació

La present recerca pretén fer una aproximació qualitativa per conèixer alguns dels joves-adults i dels protagonistes de l’entorn que conformen el que en alguns espais mediàtics no especialitzats s’ha etiquetat com la nova escena catalana, per referir-se sobretot a autors i grups de música indi i pop feta a Catalunya, amb totes les variants del pop (des del més electrònic fins al més folk) i amb totes les múltiples accepcions de l’indi (al qual es dedica més endavant un capítol específic)

Festival de Cinema Asiàtic de Terrassa

Aquest treball vol presentar la següent iniciativa cultural: la creació d'un Festival de Cinema Asiàtic a la ciutat de Terrassa. La primera edició del festival es desenvoluparia entre els dies 16 i 18 de setembre del 2011, essent per a la ciutat una introducció a la cultura asiàtica, que és quelcom que ens sembla molt llunyà, però que avui en dia és present en la nostra vida quotidiana de diverses maneres, ja sigui per la immigració, la gastronomia o mitjançant Internet i les noves tecnologies de la comunicació. Així doncs, el projecte té la finalitat bàsica de fomentar el coneixement de la cultura asiàtica i apropar aquesta cultura mil·lenària al terme municipal de Terrassa utilitzant com a suport les arts audiovisuals.

DEL FESTIVAL A LA ACADEMIA. Informe sobre la institucionalización de una disciplina híbrida (arte digital)

Aquest document és un esborrany. Amb l'objectiu d'aprofundir en el procés d'institucionalització, vam dissenyar una investigació empírica que permetés visualitzar les tendències discursives i àmbits d'activitats de les pràctiques relacionades amb les interseccions entre l'art, la ciència i la tecnologia. La metodologia va consistir en la implementació de tres bases de dades que recullen l'activitat dels últims anys en relació a: 1) els congressos (i festivals associats) realitzats a nivell internacional 2) les publicacions acadèmiques i divulgatives centrades en aquest àmbit interdisciplinar 3) els programes acadèmics.

Suomalainen kansanperinne ja luonnonkasvit osana LUMENE Groupin tuotekehitystä

Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli kartoittaa suomalaisia luonnonkasveja kosmetiikan raaka-aineeksi perinnetietoa hyödyntäen. Tavoitteena oli löytää käyttökelpoisia kasveja kotimaisen kosmetiikkavalmistajan Lumene Groupin tuotekehitykseen. Aihe opinnäytetyöhön saatiin Lumene Groupin tuotekehityksestä. Opinnäytetyö sisältää tietoja kauneudenhoidon historiasta, suomalaisesta kansanlääkinnästä ja kansanparannuksesta, joihin liittyvät olennaisena osana yrtit, tietäjä- ja taikaperinne sekä sauna. Tutkimusosuuteen koottiin hoitavia luonnonkasveja, jotka oli valittu asetettujen kriteerien perusteella. Tutkittaviksi kasveiksi valittiin suomalaisia, myrkyttömiä, luonnonvaraisia kasveja, joita on käytetty kansanperinteessä hoitavina yrtteinä. Lisäksi opinnäytetyössä on käsitelty bioteknologian hyödyntämistä kosmetiikassa. Tämä opinnäytetyö on kansanperinteen aihepiiriä käsittelevä koontityö. Opinnäytetyön tutkimusosuudessa on kartoitettu kuusitoista kasvia. Tutkimustuloksissa on esitelty kasvien perinnekäyttöä, nykytutkimusten tietoa ja käyttömahdollisuuksia sekä niiden vaikuttavia aineita. Tutkimuksen soveltavassa osiossa on kehitelty mahdollisia tuoteideoita esiteltyjen kasvien vaikutusten ja ominaisuuksien pohjalta. Erityisesti tutkimusosuus kohdistettiin Lumene Groupille. Tutkimusosuudesta ja työssä esitellyistä tuoteideoista voi olla hyötyä yrityksen tuotekehitykselle. Opinnäytetyössä hyödynnettiin pääosin suomalaista kirjallisuutta, ja myös aihepiirin lähteistä saattaa olla hyötyä toimeksiantajalle. Työ oli kirjallisuustutkimus, jossa käsiteltiin suo-malaista kansanperinnettä, ja työ voi hyödyntää myös muita aihepiiristä kiinnostuneita.

Stochastic evolution of rules for playing normal form games

The evolution of boundedly rational rules for playing normal form games is studied within stationary environments ofstochastically changing games. Rules are viewed as algorithms prescribing strategies for the different normal formgames that arise. It is shown that many of the folk results of evolutionary game theory typically obtained witha fixed game and fixed strategies carry over to the present case. The results are also related to recent experimentson rules and games.

Reputation and honesty in a market for information

Previous works on asymmetric information in asset markets tendto focus on the potential gains in the asset market itself. We focus on the market for information and conduct an experimental study to explore, in a game of finite but uncertain duration, whether reputation can be an effective constraint on deliberate misinformation. At the beginning of each period, an uninformed potential asset buyer can purchase information, at a fixed price and from a fully-informed source, about the value of the asset in that period. The informational insiders cannot purchase the asset and are given short-term incentives to provide false information when the asset value is low. Our model predicts that, in accordance with the Folk Theorem, Pareto-superior outcomes featuring truthful revelation should be sustainable. However, this depends critically on beliefs about rationality and behavior. We find that, overall, sellers are truthful 89% of the time. More significantly, the observed frequency of truthfulness is 81% when the asset value is low. Our result is consistent with both mixed-strategy and trigger strategy interpretations and provides evidence that most subjects correctly anticipate rational behavior. We discuss applications to financial markets, media regulation, and the stability of cartels.

Iowa Department of Public Safety: Iowa State Patrol, 2008 Annual Report

As Iowa's traffic enforcement agency, the Iowa State Patrol is responsible for providing law enforcement services to rural areas of the state as well as traffic enforcement and support for metropolitan areas around the state. Troopers patrol Iowa's highways and conduct traffic enforcement for both unincorporated areas and interstate highways. In addition, our Personnel provide security and police services throughout the state for many special events including, fairs, festivals, and large sporting events such as the Iowa Speedway, University of Iowa and Iowa State football games.

Des masques cultuels au masque muséifié : leurs usages et représentations à travers l'itinéraire d'un chercheur

INTRODUCTION «Des masques cultuels au masque muséifié :leurs usages et représentations à travers l'itinéraire d'un chercheur» est le résultat de l'analyse de ma propre expérience des masques utilisés dans le cadre des cérémonies religieuses au village puis dans les manifestations ludiques et scientifiques (festivals et expositions). Cette expérience, je l'ai vécue de manière concrète durant mon enfance dans mon milieu d'origine, au village de Moundasso, département de Dédougou (Burkina Faso), en pays bwa, puis au cours de ma formation d'historien à l'Université de Ouagadougou et de mes premières recherches anthropologiques. J'ai donc d'abord vécu les cérémonies de masques de manière intime dans mon entourage familial au village. Je me suis ensuite engagé dans une recherche ethnologique comparant les masques du pays bwa avec ceux d'Appenzell, en Suisse alémanique, découverts par le hasard d'une carte postale reçue au Burkina par un ami genevois. La surprise provoquée par les ressemblances qui me sautaient aux yeux m'a conduit à entreprendre le voyage vers ces Préalpes lointaines, à me lancer dans ma première exposition à Genève, à faire voyager celle-ci en la ramenant au pays bwa et en utilisant le résultat de mes interrogations pour une mise en valeur des masques aussi bien dans le cadre de mon village d'origine qu'en dehors de celui-ci, dans un festival biennal organisé à Dédougou, puis dans d'autres musées au Burkina Faso et en Europe. La conjugaison de cette double expérience des masques cultuels et profanes m'a amené à vouloir confronter les différents enjeux impliqués :affirmation des identités locales, régionales, nationales, appropriation des patrimoines culturels des peuples dans le cadre des collections et des musées internationaux, réappropriation de ces patrimoines par les acteurs autochtones. Le masque, considéré par de nombreux chercheurs en sciences humaines comme un phénomène social universel, se trouve aujourd'hui au carrefour de multiples intérêts identitaires, patrimoniaux, économiques, religieux, profanes, esthétiques, scientifiques. Au fur et à mesure de la progression de mon travail, il m'a amené au coeur des problématiques qui agitent une anthropologie des objets, et des cultures qui les portent, aujourd'hui en pleine crise. C'est à débroussailler ces problèmes que la présente recherche doit être utile. 1. Problématique et hypothèse Mon approche part de l'hypothèse suivante ainsi résumée :les intérêts multiples portés aux masques participent à la transformation rapide de leurs fonctions coutumières, à leur passage du domaine religieux au domaine profane. Les nouvelles fonctions des masques de mon village et de ma région sont liées à différents facteurs interdépendants, parmi lesquels mon propre rôle m'apparaît comme non négligeable. En effet, mon statut d'acteur du village et ma position de chercheur en anthropologie me permettent, d'une part, de rendre compte des multiples enjeux du masque à partir de plusieurs points de vue, de la plus grande proximité jusqu'à la distance exigée par la discipline anthropologique; ils m'amènent d'autre part à agir avec les masques dans deux registres différents, en jouant moi-même un rôle essentiel dans les changements des pratiques en cours, comme dans le questionnement anthropologique lui-même.

Annual Report of the Iowa Grape and Wine Development Commission for Fiscal Year, 2008

FY2008 was a productive year for the Iowa Grape and Wine Development Commission. Sixteen proposals were recommended for funding from FY2008 funds and carryover totaling just over $396,000 in outlays. Included in the approved proposals were staffing and equipment for the Midwest Grape and Wine Industry Institute’s wine diagnostics laboratory at Iowa State University, continued support for the viticulturist position at Des Moines Area Community College, funding for the second annual Mid-American Wine Competition, and assistance for marketing and promotion of Ice coats an Iowa vineyard after a February 2008 ice storm. Photo by Mike White and courtesy of Iowa State University. 16 two wine trail associations and seven festivals and events. Commission funding supported a salaried position within IDALS to manage the Iowa Grape and Wine Development Fund and to serve as the Director of the Iowa Grape and Wine Development Commission. The Commission approved funding for a Scholarship Program. The formally created Scholarship Committee met twice in FY2008 to finalize details for the Program and to approve scholarships to twenty-six applicants to aid with the expenses of accredited coursework. Based on data collected by IDALS, the Iowa Department of Economic Development, the Iowa Alcoholic Beverages Division, and Iowa State University the Iowa grape and wine industry appears to continue to be very viable and growth continues at a strong pace. Presently, Iowa ranks 14th in the nation for the number of wineries, and wine produced in the state for 2008 was estimated at a market value in excess of $14.0 million. A tabulation of the budget revealed that just over $1,080,000 in wine gallonage tax appropriations and legislative appropriations have been deposited into the Grape and Wine Development Fund from FY2003 through FY2008. Removing encumbered funds, expenditures have totaled just over $942,500 during that same time. “Financial” funding – used for fostering public awareness and participation of industry events - increased from 6% of expenditures in FY2007 to 9% in FY2008. Used for support of research, education, and outreach, a little over 80% of expenditures and encumbered funds were earmarked for “Technical” spending. Over time, funds invested in “Technical” programs will translate into an increasingly educated and institutionally-supported industry. Local, regional, and statewide events also appeared to be increasing in popularity. The Commission was encouraged to see increased support for these events. It is hoped, too, that the Scholarship Program will provide needed funding to help meet the educational goals of the industry’s workforce. As they continue to support Iowa’s grape and wine industry, the Commissioners look forward to working with individuals, commercial enterprises, state and federal agencies, and industry-sponsored institutions in FY2009 and in years to come.

Evolução quaternária, distribuição de partículas nos solos e ambientes de sedimentação em manguezais do estado de São Paulo

A distribuição de partículas em solos ou sedimentos das planícies litorâneas auxilia no entendimento dos processos de sedimentação em estuários, servindo com importante atributo para aplicações em estudos de reconstrução paleoambiental, ciclos geoquímicos e poluição ambiental, como contaminação por metais pesados e derrames de petróleo, que, devido à ação antrópica, são relativamente comuns nesses ambientes. Com o objetivo de caracterizar os ambientes de sedimentação de acordo com a granulometria e com o processo de evolução quaternária ao longo do litoral do Estado de São Paulo, foram estudados solos de 14 manguezais. As análises granulométricas foram realizadas nas camadas de 0-20 e 60-80 cm de profundidade, determinando as frações argila, silte, areia total e cinco frações da areia. Realizaram-se datações 14C por cintilação líquida, espectrometria de massa acoplada a acelerador de partículas na fração humina da matéria orgânica e por termoluminescência em grãos de quartzo, para amostras de diferentes camadas dos manguezais amostrados. Os resultados de granulometria foram tratados de acordo com os parâmetros estatísticos de Folk & Ward. Os solos dos manguezais do Estado de São Paulo têm idade holocênica oscilando entre 410 e 3.700 anos AP, até a profundidade de 80 cm. Em alguns casos este substrato holocênico encontra-se sobreposto à camada arenosa pleistocênica, como foi identificado em SG1 (65-77 cm = 11.000 anos e 90-95 cm = 24.700 anos), PM (72-79 cm = 60.000 anos) e em RF, cuja camada a 40-50 cm apresentou idade de 12.200 anos. Os manguezais apresentam solos de diferentes texturas, variando de arenosa a argilosa. Os solos de constituição arenosa foram identificados na Ilha do Cardoso, na planície do Rio Guaratuba e ao longo do litoral norte, cujos manguezais foram estabelecidos sobre os sedimentos retrabalhados de antigos cordões arenosos e localizados às margens dos rios que drenam essas planícies litorâneas (SG1, SG2, GUA e RE). Esses solos ocorrem também nas proximidades da desembocadura dos rios, onde há maior influência da ação de ondas (RF). Os manguezais cujo substrato são constituídos, predominantemente, de partículas finas (silte e argila) estão localizados nos compartimentos mais protegidos do litoral, como o Canal do Cananéia (PM e BAG), Mar Pequeno (IGUA) e dentro do estuário de Santos, na Baixada Santista (ITA, IRI, COS e CRU). O período de maré estacionada, que decorre da alternância dos ciclos de enchente e vazante desta, favoreceria a sedimentação de partículas da fração silte, explicando a ocorrência de alto teor de silte na superfície dos solos de manguezais de PM e BAG e ao longo das camadas estudadas de IGUA e ITA.

Alcohol consumption in late adolescence and early adulthood - where is the problem?

Risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD) is more common in late adolescence and early adulthood (approximately between the ages of 16 and 30) than in any other period in life. This is also the age when young people in Switzerland and many other European countries are legally allowed to buy and drink alcohol, but they usually do not yet have adult responsibilities. This paper reviews evidence from the international literature and provides examples of studies conducted in Switzerland demonstrating that (a) RSOD is by far most prevalent on Saturday evenings followed by Friday evenings, usually because young people go out and do not have any work or study responsibilities the next day; (b) RSOD results from drinking in private before going out ("predrinking") and accelerating the pace of drinking (i.e. increasing the number of drinks consumed per hour); (c) RSOD is often not accidental but purposeful,. to seek excitement, to have fun and to feel the effects of alcohol; (d) RSOD occurs predominantly outside the home, mostly in bars, pubs, discos or at special events and festivals; (e) RSOD often results in intended and unintended injuries and other acute consequences, which are leading risk factors for mortality and morbidity in this age group. Effective prevention strategies should include attempts to reduce opportunities to engage in heavy drinking as well as strategies to reduce its harmful consequences.