The cone loading test to estimate deformability moduli of a tropical soil

The Cone Loading Test (CLT) consists of the execution of a load test on the piezocone probe in conjunction with the CPT test. The CLT yields the modulus ECLT, a parameter that can be used in the estimative of foundation settlement. It is also presented here the interpretation and the process to determine ECLT values from the stress-displacement curves obtained from cone loading tests. Several CLT tests were conducted at the experimental research site of São Paulo State University, Bauru-SP-Brazil. The geotechnical profile at the studied site is a brown to bright red slightly clayey fine sand, a tropical soil common to this region which is lateritic, unsaturated and collapsible. The results of CLT tests satisfactorily represent the behavior of the investigated soil. The penetrometric modulus ECLT for each depth was calculated considering the elastic behavior in the initial linear segment of the soil stress-strain curve. The ECLT moduli obtained for the various tests were compared to moduli obtained from PMT and DMT test results performed at same studied site. The shear modulus degradation curves obtained from the CLT tests are also presented. The comparison to PMT and DMT results indicates the CLT test is a viable complementary test to the CPT in the quest for better understanding stress-strain behavior of soils. Further, the CLT test provides a graphic visualization of the degradation of the shear modulus with increasing levels of strain. As a hybrid geotechnical test, CPT+CLT can be valuable in the investigation of non-conventional collapsible soils, whose literature lack reference parameters for the prediction of settlement in the design of foundations.

Hutchison Family Papers - Accession 19

The Hutchison Family Papers consist of diaries, journals, speeches, correspondence, genealogical material and financial papers, concerning the personal and business affairs of a Rock Hill family. Subjects include post-colonial life in the Carolinas, the antebellum plantation system in South Carolina, post-Civil War cotton farming, especially the Rock Hill Cotton Mill, and Rock Hill during World War I. There is also material concerning relations and negotiations with the Catawba Indians by David Hutchison who was one of several commissioners designated by the South Carolina legislature to investigate Catawba land claims and leasing practices; and historical sketches of Glencairn Garden, the White House and the Oakland Avenue Presbyterian Church, all located in Rock Hill, South Carolina. There are also included in the “General Correspondence and Related Papers” series such records as: last will and testament, inventory lists, certificates of indentured servants, legislative acts, (eg. 1840 Treaty with the Catawba Indians) and other similar documents. Correspondents include Jude Grimke, A.E. Hutchison, David Hutchison, Hiram Hutchison, James Moore, John N. Morehead and Thomas Spratt.

Valutazione dell'efficacia dell'elettrocatetere ventricolare sinistro quadripolare nella terapia di resincronizzazione cardiaca

La terapia di resincronizzazione cardiaca (CRT) si è imposta negli ultimi dieci anni come l'alternativa migliore all'approccio farmacologico primario nella cura allo scompenso cardiaco: la stimolazione biventricolare utilizzando un elettrocatetere in ventricolo sinistro si è infatti rivelata uno dei metodi più efficaci per migliorare la dissincronia ventricolare negli stadi più avanzati anche nei pazienti che necessitano di una stimolazione continua e permanente come coloro che sono stati sottoposti ad ablazione del nodo AV. Esistono diversi punti irrisolti su cui la ricerca sta ancora lavorando per poter ottimizzare questa terapia, in particolar modo la percentuale (circa il 25-30%) dei pazienti in cui non si registrano miglioramenti dovuti alla terapia. Questa tesi, proposta dall'azienda St.Jude Medical Inc., segue la costruzione di un registro osservazionale per poter valutare l'efficacia della tecnologia quadripolare di ultima generazione. Dai dati emersi, la possibilità di programmare dieci diversi vettori di stimolazione contro i tre offerti dagli attuali dispositivi bipolari permette una maggiore libertà nel posizionamento dell'elettrocatetere ventricolare sinistro e una più semplice gestione delle complicanze come la stimolazione del nervo frenico (PNS), oltre a strutturare una terapia più specifica a seconda della risposta del paziente; inoltre la tecnologia quadripolare ha evidenziato migliori prestazioni in sede di impianto – tempi minori, più percentuali di successo e maggiori possibilità di posizionamento del catetere in zona ottimale con buoni valori di soglia – e meno interventi in seguito a complicanze. Il miglioramento della percentuale dei responder non è stato particolarmente significativo e necessita di ulteriori studi, ma è comunque incoraggiante e mostra che un numero più alto di configurazioni di stimolazione può essere una soluzione ottimale per la ricerca di una cura personalizzata, specialmente verso quei pazienti che durante l'impianto verrebbero esclusi per mancanza di stimolazioni corrette e possono, in questo modo, rientrare nella terapia fin dall'inizio.

Transatlantic negotiations on "hell"?: W. E. B. Du Bois's visit to fascist Germany and Theodor W. Adorno's exile in the land of the culture industry

In 1936, the African-American intellectual W.E.B. Du Bois visited Nazi Germany for a period of five months. Two years later, the eleven-year-long American exile of the German philosopher Theodor W. Adorno began. From the latter’s perspective, the United States was the “home” of the Culture Industry. One intuitively assumes that these sojourns abroad must have amounted to “hell on earth” for both the civil rights activist W.E.B. Du Bois and the subtle intellectual Adorno. But was this really the case? Or did they perhaps arrive at totally different conclusions? This thesis deals with these questions and attempts to make sense of the experiences of both men. By way of a systematic and comparative analysis of published texts, hitherto unpublished documents and secondary literature, this dissertation first contextualizes Du Bois’s and Adorno’s transatlantic negotiations and then depicts them. The panoply of topics with which both men concerned themselves was diverse. In Du Bois’s case it encompassed Europe, science and technology, Wagner operas, the Olympics, industrial education, race relations, National Socialism and the German Africanist Diedrich Westermann. The opinion pieces which Du Bois wrote for the newspaper “Pittsburgh Courier” during his stay in Germany serve as a major source for this thesis. In his writings on America, Adorno concentrated on what he regarded as the universally victorious Enlightenment and the predominance of mass culture. This investigation also sheds light on the correspondences between the philosopher and Max Horkheimer, Thomas Mann, Walter Benjamin, Siegfried Kracauer and Oskar and Maria Wiesengrund. In these autobiographical texts, Adorno’s thoughts revolve around such diverse topics as the American landscape, his fears as German, Jew and Left-Hegelian as well as the loneliness of the refugee. This dissertation has to refute the intuitive assumption that Du Bois’s and Adorno’s experiences abroad were horrible events for them. Both men judged the foreign countries in which they were staying in an extremely differentiated and subtle manner. Du Bois, for example, was not racially discriminated against in Germany. He was also delighted by the country’s rich cultural offerings. Adorno, for his part, praised the U.S.’s humanity of everyday life and democratic spirit. In short: Although both men partly did have to deal with utterly negative experiences, the metaphor of “hell on earth” is simply untenable as an overall conclusion.

Segmentazione automatica dell'atrio sinistro e valutazione della fibrosi atriale in risonanza magnetica

Questo lavoro di tesi si è svolto in collaborazione con le Unità Operative di Cardiologia e di Radiologia dell’ospedale “M. Bufalini” di Cesena e della St. Jude Medical, Inc., con l’obiettivo di sviluppare e implementare un metodo per l’identificazione e la valutazione della fibrosi atriale mediante risonanza magnetica in pazienti con fibrillazione atriale, candidati a procedura di ablazione. I pazienti sono stati sottoposti all’esame di risonanza magnetica (RM) angio per la valutazione della morfologia atriale e alla DE-MRI per l’identificazione e la visualizzazione delle zone di alto enhancement sulla struttura 3D dell’atrio sinistro, ossia le zone di alta intensità corrispondenti alla fibrosi. La struttura anatomica è utile all’elettrofisiologo per conoscere la morfologia dell’atrio e delle vene polmonari, permettendo quindi di minimizzare l’uso della fluoroscopia durante la procedura di ablazione. La conoscenza dei siti e della quantificazione della fibrosi è vantaggiosa per il medico per la pianificazione preoperatoria, in quanto nei pazienti con molta fibrosi non è sufficiente l’isolamento delle vene polmonari, ma si ottengono risultati migliori effettuando un’ablazione estensiva della parete atriale. Inoltre gli studi in letteratura hanno dimostrato che i pazienti con un’estensione di fibrosi superiore al 35% della superficie atriale, hanno una probabilità superiore al 50% di soffrire nuovamente di fibrillazione atriale dopo la procedura di ablazione; lo studio della fibrosi atriale vuole quindi essere un metodo per predire se l’ablazione avrà successo, oppure se è preferibile seguire indicazioni terapeutiche diverse. Il primo passo di questo lavoro è stata la registrazione delle immagini angio-RM e DE-MR mediante il software VolView. Successivamente si è implementato un programma in Matlab per segmentare in modo automatico l’atrio sinistro e si è visualizzata la struttura tridimensionale con la mappa cromatica della fibrosi utilizzando il software ParaView. Infine per validare questo lavoro si è effettuato un confronto qualitativo dei risultati ottenuti con il mappaggio elettro-anatomico acquisito mediante il sistema EnSite Velocity della St. Jude Medical, Inc. durante la procedura di ablazione transcatetere. Per eseguire questo confronto è stato necessario interfacciare il nostro lavoro con il sistema EnSite Velocity, con lo scopo di riuscire a visualizzare le mappe elettro-anatomiche sul nostro sistema e di importare la nostra struttura anatomica nel loro.

Studio e valutazione del legame tra rimodellamento elettrico e strutturale in Fibrillazione Atriale

La Fibrillazione Atriale (FA) è una delle aritmie più frequentemente riscontrate nella pratica clinica, ma i meccanismi che la generano e che la sostengono non sono ancora oggi ben chiari. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro di tesi è indagare il substrato aritmogeno della FA con particolare attenzione al legame tra rimodellamento elettrico e strutturale. La tecnica di riferimento per la valutazione della fibrosi è la risonanza magnetica con iniezione di mezzo di contrasto e acquisizione ritardata. Tipicamente, però, la presenza di fibrosi viene valutata durante la procedura di ablazione transcatetere mediante l’analisi dei potenziali elettrici rilevati, considerando le zone a basso potenziale indicative della presenza di alterazioni strutturali. In questo lavoro sono stati elaborati dati di Risonanza Magnetica (RM), in particolare sequenze Angio-RM e DE-RM. Dalle sequenze Angio-RM è stato ricostruito un modello 3D paziente-specifico dell’atrio, mentre dalle sequenze DE-RM sono state ricavate informazioni relative alla presenza di tessuto atriale fibrotico. Al modello 3D è stata poi sovrapposta l’informazione sull’intensità di grigio del dato DE-RM per poter visualizzare la localizzazione delle zone di fibrosi sulla superficie 3D dell’atrio.
 Sono stati anche esportati dal sistema di mappaggio elettroanatomico EnSite NavX (St. Jude Medical) i dati relativi alla geometria dell’atrio e ai potenziali registrati durante lo svolgimento della procedura di ablazione. Da questi dati è stato possibile ricostruire in ambiente Matlab le mappe di voltaggio raffiguranti i potenziali registrati durante la procedura. Per poter studiare e valutare il legame esistente tra rimodellamento elettrico e strutturale, sono state confrontate le mappe di voltaggio e le superfici raffiguranti fibrosi.
 Questo lavoro di tesi è stato svolto in collaborazione con l’U.O. di Cardiologia dell’Ospedale Bufalini di Cesena e la St. Jude Medical.

A polymorphism within the equine CRISP3 gene is associated with stallion fertility in Hanoverian warmblood horses

Fertility of stallions is of high economic importance, especially for large breeding organisations and studs. Breeding schemes with respect to fertility traits and selection of stallions at an early stage may be improved by including molecular genetic markers associated with traits. The genes coding for equine cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs) are promising candidate genes because previous studies have shown that CRISPs play a role in the fertilising ability of male animals. We have previously characterised the three equine CRISP genes and identified a non-synonymous polymorphism in the CRISP1 gene. In this study, we report one non-synonymous polymorphism in the CRISP2 gene and four non-synonymous polymorphisms in the CRISP3 gene. All six CRISP polymorphisms were genotyped in 107 Hanoverian breeding stallions. Insemination records of stallions were used to analyse the association between CRISP polymorphisms and fertility traits. Three statistical models were used to evaluate the influence of single mutations, genotypes and haplotypes of the polymorphisms. The CRISP3 AJ459965:c.+622G>A SNP leading to the amino acid substitution E208K was significantly associated with the fertility of stallions. Stallions heterozygous for the CRISP3 c.+622G>A SNP had lower fertility than homozygous stallions (P = 0.0234). The pregnancy rate per cycle in these stallions was estimated to be approximately 7% lower than in stallions homozygous at this position.

Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic embolism

BACKGROUND The options for secondary prevention of cryptogenic embolism in patients with patent foramen ovale are administration of antithrombotic medications or percutaneous closure of the patent foramen ovale. We investigated whether closure is superior to medical therapy. METHODS We performed a multicenter, superiority trial in 29 centers in Europe, Canada, Brazil, and Australia in which the assessors of end points were unaware of the study-group assignments. Patients with a patent foramen ovale and ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or a peripheral thromboembolic event were randomly assigned to undergo closure of the patent foramen ovale with the Amplatzer PFO Occluder or to receive medical therapy. The primary end point was a composite of death, nonfatal stroke, TIA, or peripheral embolism. Analysis was performed on data for the intention-to-treat population. RESULTS The mean duration of follow-up was 4.1 years in the closure group and 4.0 years in the medical-therapy group. The primary end point occurred in 7 of the 204 patients (3.4%) in the closure group and in 11 of the 210 patients (5.2%) in the medical-therapy group (hazard ratio for closure vs. medical therapy, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24 to 1.62; P=0.34). Nonfatal stroke occurred in 1 patient (0.5%) in the closure group and 5 patients (2.4%) in the medical-therapy group (hazard ratio, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.02 to 1.72; P=0.14), and TIA occurred in 5 patients (2.5%) and 7 patients (3.3%), respectively (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.23 to 2.24; P=0.56). CONCLUSIONS Closure of a patent foramen ovale for secondary prevention of cryptogenic embolism did not result in a significant reduction in the risk of recurrent embolic events or death as compared with medical therapy. (Funded by St. Jude Medical; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00166257.).

Hemozoin formation in malaria: a two-step process involving histidine-rich proteins and lipids

Major blood stage antimalarial drugs like chloroquine and artemisinin target the heme detoxification process of the malaria parasite. Hemozoin formation reactions in vitro using the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein-2 (Pfhrp-2), lipids, and auto-catalysis are slow and could not explain the speed of detoxification needed for parasite survival. Here, we show that malarial hemozoin formation is a coordinated two component process involving both lipids and histidine-rich proteins. Hemozoin formation efficiency in vitro is 1-2% with Pfhrp-2 and 0.25-0.5% with lipids. We added lipids after 9h in a 12h Pfhrp-2 mediated reaction that resulted in sixfold increase in hemozoin formation. However, a lipid mediated reaction in which Pfhrp-2 was added after 9h produced only twofold increase in hemozoin production compared to the reaction with Pfhrp-2 alone. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the Pfhrp-2 heme binding sequences, based on repeats of AHHAAD, neither alone nor in combination with lipids were able to generate hemozoin in vitro. These results indicate that hemozoin formation in malaria parasite involves both the lipids and the scaffolding proteins. Histidine-rich proteins might facilitate hemozoin formation by binding with a large number of heme molecules, and facilitating the dimer formation involving iron-carboxylate bond between two heme molecules, and lipids may then subsequently assist the mechanism of long chain formation, held together by hydrogen bonds or through extensive networking of hydrogen bonds.

Inverse relationship between fractionated electrograms and atrial fibrosis in persistent atrial fibrillation: combined magnetic resonance imaging and high-density mapping

OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate the relationship between fibrosis imaged by delayed-enhancement (DE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and atrial electrograms (Egms) in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). BACKGROUND Atrial fractionated Egms are strongly related to slow anisotropic conduction. Their relationship to atrial fibrosis has not yet been investigated. METHODS Atrial high-resolution MRI of 18 patients with persistent AF (11 long-lasting persistent AF) was registered with mapping geometry (NavX electro-anatomical system (version 8.0, St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, Minnesota)). DE areas were categorized as dense or patchy, depending on their DE content. Left atrial Egms during AF were acquired using a high-density, 20-pole catheter (514 ± 77 sites/map). Fractionation, organization/regularity, local mean cycle length (CL), and voltage were analyzed with regard to DE. RESULTS Patients with long-lasting persistent versus persistent AF had larger left atrial (LA) surface area (134 ± 38 cm(2) vs. 98 ± 9 cm(2), p = 0.02), a higher amount of atrial DE (70 ± 16 cm(2) vs. 49 ± 10 cm(2), p = 0.01), more complex fractionated atrial Egm (CFAE) extent (54 ± 16 cm(2) vs. 28 ± 15 cm(2), p = 0.02), and a shorter baseline AF CL (147 ± 10 ms vs. 182 ± 14 ms, p = 0.01). Continuous CFAE (CFEmean [NavX algorithm that quantifies Egm fractionation] <80 ms) occupied 38 ± 19% of total LA surface area. Dense DE was detected at the left posterior left atrium. In contrast, the right posterior left atrium contained predominantly patchy DE. Most CFAE (48 ± 14%) occurred at non-DE LA sites, followed by 41 ± 12% CFAE at patchy DE and 11 ± 6% at dense DE regions (p = 0.005 and p = 0.008, respectively); 19 ± 6% CFAE sites occurred at border zones of dense DE. Egms were less fractionated, with longer CL and lower voltage at dense DE versus non-DE regions: CFEmean: 97 ms versus 76 ms, p < 0.0001; local CL: 153 ms versus 143 ms, p < 0.0001; mean voltage: 0.63 mV versus 0.86 mV, p < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS Atrial fibrosis as defined by DE MRI is associated with slower and more organized electrical activity but with lower voltage than healthy atrial areas. Ninety percent of continuous CFAE sites occur at non-DE and patchy DE LA sites. These findings are important when choosing the ablation strategy in persistent AF.

Novel variants in the KIT and PAX3 genes in horses with white-spotted coat colour phenotypes.

Variants in the EDNRB, KIT, MITF, PAX3 and TRPM1 genes are known to cause white spotting phenotypes in horses, which can range from the common white markings up to completely white horses. In this study, we investigated these candidate genes in 169 horses with white spotting phenotypes not explained by the previously described variants. We identified a novel missense variant, PAX3:p.Pro32Arg, in Appaloosa horses with a splashed white phenotype in addition to their leopard complex spotting patterns. We also found three novel variants in the KIT gene. The splice site variant c.1346+1G>A occurred in a Swiss Warmblood horse with a pronounced depigmentation phenotype. The missense variant p.Tyr441Cys was present in several part-bred Arabians with sabino-like depigmentation phenotypes. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that the common and widely distributed KIT:p.Arg682His variant has a very subtle white-increasing effect, which is much less pronounced than the effect of the other described KIT variants. We termed the new KIT variants W18-W20 to provide a simple and unambiguous nomenclature for future genetic testing applications.