Princípios éticos na experimentação animal

The treatment of animals used in research or in education tests requires proper care, scientific judgment and qualified professionals to understand the needs of the animals and the special requirements of the research, tests, and educational programs. The established guidelines aim the development of knowledge necessary for the improvement of health and wellbeing of humans as well as animals to get precise and accurate results. The techniques should not be performed with inappropriate procedures that cause pain or suffering. Some principles should be considered to have an appropriate animal care and treatment.

Integração de Redes GNSS locais ao SIRGAS

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Validação de conteúdo das intervenções de enfermagem “Ensino: Pré-operatório” e “Ensino: Procedimento/Tratamento” da Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem, para procedimento percutâneo em hemodinâmica

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

Capacidade funcional de idosos dependentes cadastrados na estratégia saúde da família do município de Londrina,PR

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Capacidade funcional de idosos dependentes cadastrados na estratégia saúde da família do município de Londrina,PR

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Influence of HSM cutting parameters on the surface integrity characteristics of hardened AISI H13 steel

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of the cutting parameters of high-speed machining milling on the characteristics of the surface integrity of hardened AISI H13 steel. High-speed machining has been used intensively in the mold and dies industry. The cutting parameters used as input variables were cutting speed (v c), depth of cut (a p), working engagement (a e) and feed per tooth (f z ), while the output variables were three-dimensional (3D) workpiece roughness parameters, surface and cross section microhardness, residual stress and white layer thickness. The subsurface layers were examined by scanning electron and optical microscopy. Cross section hardness was measured with an instrumented microhardness tester. Residual stress was measured by the X-ray diffraction method. From a statistical standpoint (the main effects of the input parameters were evaluated by analysis of variance), working engagement (a e) was the cutting parameter that exerted the strongest effect on most of the 3D roughness parameters. Feed per tooth (f z ) was the most important cutting parameter in cavity formation. Cutting speed (v c) and depth of cut (a p) did not significantly affect the 3D roughness parameters. Cutting speed showed the strongest influence on residual stress, while depth of cut exerted the strongest effect on the formation of white layer and on the increase in surface hardness.

Sense of Community in contexts of multi culture

The theme “Belongingness” has a central role in the current debate on Community Psychology and in daily life. To try to understand the consequences of these changes, the research focuses on the concept of Sense of Community. In fact, Sense of Community has always been a central tool (Sarason, 1974; MacMillan & Chavis, 1986) to study communities (McMillan, 2011; Nowell & Boyd, 2011) and for a long time has represented positive values and something to aspire to. However, current debates indicate that Sense of Community is an outmoded concept and underline the problematic issue of “promotion of Sense of Community” in contexts of multi culture. The aim of the present research is to analyze Sense of Community in context of multi culture, as we consider that it can still be a fundamental tool to study and understand communities. In particular we are interested in understanding the role of Multiple Sense of Community (Brodsky, 2009) on Identity and Wellbeing (and its dimensions). We focused on a specific context, the Station Zone in Reggio Emilia, that is characterized by high levels of cultural diversity and different social problems (Giovannini & Vezzali, 2011). The research is developed and divided into two parts. The first part consists of an exploratory qualitative study that analyzes meanings of community among leaders of different ethnic groups living in the Station Zone. The second part consists of a “General Model” study and four parallel studies to analyze Multiple Sense of Community in different ethnic groups (Albanians, Moroccans, Chinese and Italians. The results indicate the different role of Multiple SOC in the relation between Identity and Wellbeing, in particular the relevance of Relational SOC and its different implications. Moreover, the factor “culture” represents an significant element in order to consider differences among ethnic groups.

Resocialisation of Disabled Veterans in Former Yugoslavia

The team examined 147 amputated war veterans in the former Yugoslavia between February and December 1998. The official end of the war, substitution of lost body parts and adjustment to the new state of physical disability added extra tasks to these people's efforts to rejoin "normal life". The resocialisation process of amputated persons, i.e. the process of their return into the social environment with the related readjustment and establishment, was observed through its objective and subjective indicators. In addition to obtaining information about socio-demographic characteristics and current working status, the group focused on the psychological dimension, i.e. the individual reality of the disabled persons. In this sense they began with research into the personal, social and professional identity (how they see themselves under these altered circumstances and how they determine their place in the world). To do so they used the model of basic personality supports and observed the resocialisation according to the psychological support systems. They therefore focused on the following topics: body, social identity and belonging, personal identity, working status and engagement, individual responsibility and expectations from the social environment, and orientation towards the future. These were considered with respect to certain significant socio-demographic characteristics of the interviewees. The data were gathered through standardised interviews. Bearing in mind the unpopularity of this subject among experts in the country and the lack of material in specialist literature, the group chose to use descriptive research logic in order to "record" the situation in this field and to establish a framework for future studies which may be methodologically and statistically more complex and thematically more focused.

Towards a taxonomy of common factors in psychotherapy-results of an expert survey

BACKGROUND: How change comes about is hotly debated in psychotherapy research. One camp considers 'non-specific' or 'common factors', shared by different therapy approaches, as essential, whereas researchers of the other camp consider specific techniques as the essential ingredients of change. This controversy, however, suffers from unclear terminology and logical inconsistencies. The Taxonomy Project therefore aims at contributing to the definition and conceptualization of common factors of psychotherapy by analyzing their differential associations to standard techniques. METHODS: A review identified 22 common factors discussed in psychotherapy research literature. We conducted a survey, in which 68 psychotherapy experts assessed how common factors are implemented by specific techniques. Using hierarchical linear models, we predicted each common factor by techniques and by experts' age, gender and allegiance to a therapy orientation. RESULTS: Common factors differed largely in their relevance for technique implementation. Patient engagement, Affective experiencing and Therapeutic alliance were judged most relevant. Common factors also differed with respect to how well they could be explained by the set of techniques. We present detailed profiles of all common factors by the (positively or negatively) associated techniques. There were indications of a biased taxonomy not covering the embodiment of psychotherapy (expressed by body-centred techniques such as progressive muscle relaxation, biofeedback training and hypnosis). Likewise, common factors did not adequately represent effective psychodynamic and systemic techniques. CONCLUSION: This taxonomic endeavour is a step towards a clarification of important core constructs of psychotherapy. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE: This article relates standard techniques of psychotherapy (well known to practising therapists) to the change factors/change mechanisms discussed in psychotherapy theory. It gives a short review of the current debate on the mechanisms by which psychotherapy works. We provide detailed profiles of change mechanisms and how they may be generated by practice techniques.

Reciprocity as a trigger of social cooperation in contemporary immigration societies?

While the system stabilizing function of reciprocity is widely acknowledged, much less attention has been paid to the argument that reciprocity might initiate social cooperation in the first place. This paper tests Gouldner’s early assumption that reciprocity may act as a ‘starting mechanism’ of social cooperation in consolidating societies. The empirical test scenario builds on unequal civic engagement between immigrants and nationals, as this engagement gap can be read as a lack of social cooperation in consolidating immigration societies. Empirical analyses using survey data on reciprocal norms and based on Bayesian hierarchical modelling lend support for Gouldner’s thesis, underlining thereby the relevance of reciprocity in today’s increasingly diverse societies: individual norms of altruistic reciprocity elevate immigrants’ propensity to volunteer, reducing thereby the engagement gap between immigrants and natives in the area of informal volunteering. In other words, compliance with altruistic reciprocity may trigger cooperation in social strata, where it is less likely to occur. The positive moderation of the informal engagement gap through altruistic reciprocity turns out to be most pronounced for immigrants who are least likely to engage in informal volunteering, meaning low, but also high educated immigrants.

The shorter the better? A follow-up analysis of 10-session psychiatric treatment including the motive-oriented therapeutic relationship for borderline personality disorder

OBJECTIVE: There is little research on short-term treatments for borderline personality disorder (BPD). While the core changes may occur only in long-term treatments, short-term treatments may enable the study of early generic processes of engagement in therapy and thus inform about effective treatment components. It was shown that a 10-session version of a psychiatric treatment was effective in reducing borderline symptoms at the end of this treatment [Kramer, U., Kolly, S., Berthoud, L., Keller, S., Preisig, M., Caspar, F., … Despland, J.-N. (2014). Effects of motive-oriented therapeutic relationship in a ten-session general psychiatric treatment for borderline personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83, 176-186.]. Also, it was demonstrated in a randomized design that adding the motive-oriented therapeutic relationship (MOTR), following an individualized case formulation based on Plan Analysis, further increased general outcome after session 10 and had a positive effect on the early changes in self-esteem and alliance. METHOD: The present study focuses on the follow-up period after this initial treatment, examining treatment density and outcomes after 6 months and service utilization after 12 months. Outcome was measured using the OQ-45. RESULTS: Results on a sub-sample of N = 40 patients with available OQ-45 data at follow-up (n = 21 for MOTR-treatment, n = 19 for comparison treatment) showed maintenance of gains over the follow-up period, which did not differ between both conditions. It appeared for this sample that MOTR treatments, while using the same number of sessions, lasted more weeks (i.e., lower treatment density, defined as the number of sessions per week), when compared to the treatments without MOTR. Density marginally predicted symptom reduction at follow-up. Patients in MOTR treatments had a greater likelihood of entering structured psychotherapy after the initial sessions than patients in the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS: These results are overall consistent with earlier studies on short-term treatments for BPD and underline the importance of individualizing interventions, by using case formulations that rely on idiographic methods and integrative concepts.

Necesidades, bienestar e intervención social del Estado : Ejes de debate conceptual para el desarrollo de políticas sociales

La preocupación por proporcionar a la intervención social de herramientas teóricas que puedan ser capaces de "viajar" transculturalmente para ser aplicadas en diferentes contextos socioeconómicos y culturales, es decir, el hecho de poder pensar a las necesidades en tanto categorías de investigación e intervención1es uno de los problemas teóricos más suscitados en el campo de la intervención social. Comenzaremos por recorrer algunas de las perspectivas que consideramos señeras de nuestro tema a abordar. Luego, abordaremos la relación entre las obligaciones del Estado, las necesidades y los derechos sociales para finalmente, indicar algunas conceptualizaciones que refieren a los mecanismos específicos en que se sitúan los conceptos de necesidades y bienestar en nuestra región. Creemos que frente al reconocimiento de necesidades, y de la falta de bienes y servicios para su satisfacción, las políticas sociales a implementar deben dar cuenta sí o sí de los compromisos éticos y morales que se traducen en obligacion es sociales del Estado. Estas instancias de intervención política deben partir de dos recursos: el conocimiento técnico sobre las necesidades y el conocimiento que los actores sociales tienen de sus necesidades sentidas.

Necesidades, bienestar e intervención social del Estado : Ejes de debate conceptual para el desarrollo de políticas sociales

La preocupación por proporcionar a la intervención social de herramientas teóricas que puedan ser capaces de "viajar" transculturalmente para ser aplicadas en diferentes contextos socioeconómicos y culturales, es decir, el hecho de poder pensar a las necesidades en tanto categorías de investigación e intervención1es uno de los problemas teóricos más suscitados en el campo de la intervención social. Comenzaremos por recorrer algunas de las perspectivas que consideramos señeras de nuestro tema a abordar. Luego, abordaremos la relación entre las obligaciones del Estado, las necesidades y los derechos sociales para finalmente, indicar algunas conceptualizaciones que refieren a los mecanismos específicos en que se sitúan los conceptos de necesidades y bienestar en nuestra región. Creemos que frente al reconocimiento de necesidades, y de la falta de bienes y servicios para su satisfacción, las políticas sociales a implementar deben dar cuenta sí o sí de los compromisos éticos y morales que se traducen en obligacion es sociales del Estado. Estas instancias de intervención política deben partir de dos recursos: el conocimiento técnico sobre las necesidades y el conocimiento que los actores sociales tienen de sus necesidades sentidas.

Necesidades, bienestar e intervención social del Estado : Ejes de debate conceptual para el desarrollo de políticas sociales

La preocupación por proporcionar a la intervención social de herramientas teóricas que puedan ser capaces de "viajar" transculturalmente para ser aplicadas en diferentes contextos socioeconómicos y culturales, es decir, el hecho de poder pensar a las necesidades en tanto categorías de investigación e intervención1es uno de los problemas teóricos más suscitados en el campo de la intervención social. Comenzaremos por recorrer algunas de las perspectivas que consideramos señeras de nuestro tema a abordar. Luego, abordaremos la relación entre las obligaciones del Estado, las necesidades y los derechos sociales para finalmente, indicar algunas conceptualizaciones que refieren a los mecanismos específicos en que se sitúan los conceptos de necesidades y bienestar en nuestra región. Creemos que frente al reconocimiento de necesidades, y de la falta de bienes y servicios para su satisfacción, las políticas sociales a implementar deben dar cuenta sí o sí de los compromisos éticos y morales que se traducen en obligacion es sociales del Estado. Estas instancias de intervención política deben partir de dos recursos: el conocimiento técnico sobre las necesidades y el conocimiento que los actores sociales tienen de sus necesidades sentidas.