As ciências sociais, a comunicação e a saúde

Comunicação, o termo central do título deste trabalho, pretende realmente ser uma espécie de pivô da articulação que queremos aqui estabelecer entre as ciências sociais e a saúde. Por um lado, a sua emergência como um campo de questões diferenciadas, com objetos e olhares relativamente novos, no seio do pensamento social já desde fins do século 18, passando pelas suas primeiras elaborações teóricas e estudos empíricos, já no quadro das ciências sociais, desde meados do século 19, depois pela sua diferenciação como um campo disciplinar em separado, em meados do século 20, até se tornar um verdadeiro emblema das sociedades contemporâneas, neste limiar do século 21. Por outro lado, as relações entre o que preferimos genericamente chamar de pensamento sobre a comunicação, rastreado no percurso histórico acima, e o campo da saúde, no seu mais amplo sentido. Assim, propomo-nos, primeiramente, a reconstituir a emergência e as evoluções desse pensamento sobre a comunicação nos últimos dois ou três séculos, destacando o seu profundo enraizamento nas ciências sociais, e, secundariamente, apontar as relações privilegiadas e variáveis ao longo da história entre esse pensamento e o conhecimento e a prática em saúde.

EthoSeq: A tool for phylogenetic analysis and data mining in behavioral sequences

This article introduces the software program called EthoSeq, which is designed to extract probabilistic behavioral sequences (tree-generated sequences, or TGSs) from observational data and to prepare a TGS-species matrix for phylogenetic analysis. The program uses Graph Theory algorithms to automatically detect behavioral patterns within the observational sessions. It includes filtering tools to adjust the search procedure to user-specified statistical needs. Preliminary analyses of data sets, such as grooming sequences in birds and foraging tactics in spiders, uncover a large number of TGSs which together yield single phylogenetic trees. An example of the use of the program is our analysis of felid grooming sequences, in which we have obtained 1,386 felid grooming TGSs for seven species, resulting in a single phylogeny. These results show that behavior is definitely useful in phylogenetic analysis. EthoSeq simplifies and automates such analyses, uncovers much of the hidden patterns of long behavioral sequences, and prepares this data for further analysis with standard phylogenetic programs. We hope it will encourage many empirical studies on the evolution of behavior.

Legitimacy and context: Implications for public sector reform in developing countries

This article examines the interplay between legitimacy and context as key determinants of public sector reform outcomes. Despite the importance of variables Such as legitimacy of public institutions, levels of civic morality and socio-economic realities, reform strategies often fail to take such contextual factors into account. The article examines, first, relevant literature both conceptual and empirical, including data from the World Values Survey project. It is argued that developing countries have distinctive characteristics which require particular reform strategies. The data analysed shows that in Latin American countries, there is no clear Correlation between confidence in public institutions and civic morality. Other empirical studies show that unemployment has a negative impact on the level of civic morality, while inequality engenders corruption. This suggests that poorer and socio-economically stratified countries face greater reform challenges owing to the lack of legitimacy of public institutions. The article concludes that reforms should focus on areas of governance that impact on poverty. This will in turn help produce more stable outcomes. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Chilean earthquake of 27 February 2010 an overview

Includes bibliography

Promoting corporate social responsibility in small and medium enterprises in the Caribbean: methodology report

Incluye Bibliografía

Trade reforms and trade patterns in Latin America

Includes bibliography

Foreign investment in Mexico after economic reform

Includes bibliography

The impact of public investment on private investment in Brazil, 1947-1990

Includes bibliography

The human capital endowment of Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Socio-economic and geographic profiling of crime in Chile

Includes bibliography

Functional Redundancy and Complementarities of Seed Dispersal by the Last Neotropical Megafrugivores

Background: Functional redundancy has been debated largely in ecology and conservation, yet we lack detailed empirical studies on the roles of functionally similar species in ecosystem function. Large bodied frugivores may disperse similar plant species and have strong impact on plant recruitment in tropical forests. The two largest frugivores in the neotropics, tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) and muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides) are potential candidates for functional redundancy on seed dispersal effectiveness. Here we provide a comparison of the quantitative, qualitative and spatial effects on seed dispersal by these megafrugivores in a continuous Brazilian Atlantic forest. Methodology/Principal Findings: We found a low overlap of plant species dispersed by both muriquis and tapirs. A group of 35 muriquis occupied an area of 850 ha and dispersed 5 times more plant species, and 13 times more seeds than 22 tapirs living in the same area. Muriquis dispersed 2.4 times more seeds in any random position than tapirs. This can be explained mainly because seed deposition by muriquis leaves less empty space than tapirs. However, tapirs are able to disperse larger seeds than muriquis and move them into sites not reached by primates, such as large forest gaps, open areas and fragments nearby. Based on published information we found 302 plant species that are dispersed by at least one of these megafrugivores in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Conclusions/Significance: Our study showed that both megafrugivores play complementary rather than redundant roles as seed dispersers. Although tapirs disperse fewer seeds and species than muriquis, they disperse larger-seeded species and in places not used by primates. The selective extinction of these megafrugivores will change the spatial seed rain they generate and may have negative effects on the recruitment of several plant species, particularly those with large seeds that have muriquis and tapirs as the last living seed dispersers. © 2013 Bueno et al.

Uma análise sobre a avaliação emocional de web site por similaridade e por contiguidade

Pós-graduação em Design - FAAC

Finanças comportamentais: o comportamento do agente decisório nos cenários de ganhos, perdas, riscos e incertezas

Pós-graduação em Economia - FCLAR

O emprego na transição para uma economia verde: cenários para o Brasil com base no consumo de energia pela indústria

Pós-graduação em Economia - FCLAR

A produção rural familiar em Goiás: as comunidades rurais no município de Catalão

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT