A tirinha cômica em questão: atividades de leitura no livro didático de língua portuguesa

You can see nowadays a more constant questioning about the validity and effectiveness of the practices of teaching reading currently introduced in elementary school. The intelligibilities generated from many voices, and built on the border between many consciences, it can contribute to understand and to some extent, alleviate skewed or outdated understandings about the teaching of reading and its goals in the school environment. By understanding the dynamics of these practices, which always need to be modified because of new social demands, we recognize the validity of working with the prospect of reading in its historical, social and dialogic dimension (Bakhtin, 1981, 2003). The Portuguese language textbook (LDP), in turn, being one of the fundamental bases of reading in school, makes a justified and necessary active production of knowledge about the theoretical and methodological conceptions that underlie the work with reading and on how that work is effectively routed. Our aim in this essay is precisely analyze reading activities in four Portuguese textbooks (Teacher s Manuals) for the 6th grade of elementary school, focusing on the proposed activities from a specific discursive genre, in this case, the comic strip. Through this research, we retrieve and list the goals that guide the development of reading activities in the LDP, and then verify a compliance or not of these objectives in directing the activities. Finally, we describe how the reading practices that involve the strip in the textbook can legitimize or reject the reading as an area of construction and circulation of meanings between socio-historically located subjects. We take account of studies on the nature and constitution of language (BAKHTIN, 1981, 2003, 2010; BAKHTIN/ VOLOSHINOV, 2006; SOUZA, 2002; GERALDI, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2006; ROJO, 2008a, 2008b, among others), as well especific studies about the activities in Portuguese textbooks (MARCUSCHI, 2010; BELMIRO, 2006; MENDONÇA, 2006, among others)

A Transposição Didádica dos Gêneros do domínio do discursivo publicitários nos livros didáticos

Advertising text has been a subject of many investigations, because of its multimodal universe. Embodied by a linguistic and discursive materiality laying on scene persuasion, argumentation and power imagery of multissemiotics elements, the advertising text acts as an instrument of power, creating and destroying, promising and denying (CARVALHO, 2007). Advertising not only invites us to act for it, but directs us to look at it. It was under this moving look - of charm and interrogations - that discussions raised in this research were born. Investigations are directed to the school environment, in special, for the discursive advertising domain in Portuguese Language Textbook. It is from this environment that was born our research whose main objective is to analyze how does the didactic transposition of textual genres, described by Marcuschi (2008) as belonging to the "advertising" discourse domain (focusing on advertising genre) in didactic books teaching Portuguese Language before and after the advent of the PCN. Textbooks taken as reference for the study are historically situated in the 90s of the twentieth century and 10 century. Such books refer to elected 7th and 8th grades, currently corresponding to the 8th and 9th grades of elementary school. The choice is justified by the fact that in these Textbook teaching series the presence of advertising domain is recurrent and "didactized". In addition, we are also concerned in analyzing books that circulated around us and our regional reality. Hence, we elected books that were used by two public high schools: Municipal School Clementina Ana da Conceição in Jaçanã city in the Rio Grande do Norte state, State School for Elementary and High school Carlota Barreira in Areia city, Paraíba state. In our research the following categories of analysis were highlighted: (1) presence of advertising in DB, (2) fluctuation terminology: concepts and classifications; (3) The complexity of concepts facilitation, (4) what they propagate, and from which nature are the explored advertisements. From our analysis, we observe how the treatment of textual "advertising" genres have been inserted into Textbooks, and how occurs, in general, their didactic transposition. Focusing on the issue of fluctuating terminology, we noted the difficulty in drawing boundaries between the genres of advertising domain in the Textbooks. However, this also would result in the complexity - in the field of scientific knowledge - of delimiting genres of the same domain. To accomplish our studies, it was required a thorough and systematic dialogue with theories regarding the concept of "Didactic Transposition", due to the theoretical Chevallard Yves (1991), research on the textual genres - Bezerra (2005), Marcuschi (2008), Bazerman (2005), Swales (2004), among others - and studies involving the field of "Advertising" - Sandmann (2002), Carvalho (2007) and others

Procedimentos de abertura e fechamento de tópicos na interação em sala de aula

This study is part of interactional perspective, focusing on Conversation Analysis theories, from the Textual Interactive Perspective and Text Linguistics . This research, from its guiding questions, aims at understanding the interaction between teacher and students in the process of the knowledge construction as well as at describing, analyzing and understanding aspects of topical organization speech in the classroom in elementary school, observing the opening and closing procedures of the speech topics in that particular space. Considering that the procedures for opening and closing of discursive topics occur through language marks, we tried to identify which speech marks are used in the opening and closing of the topics studied in the classroom, in interaction during the collaborative process of the discourse established between teacher and students. Therefore, this study is based on authors who analyze specific questions of the text in real context of language use: Koch (1993, 1999), Jubran et al (1991), Jubran (2006), Pine (2005), Penhavel (2010), Galembeck (2012), Barros (1991), Marcuschi (1986 , 1990, 1991 , 1998 , 1999, 2003 , 2004a), Kerbrat - Orecchioni (2006), Favero (1999, 2002) and Galvão (2004, 2010). As a methodology of investigation, the study is focused on the postulates of ethnographic research in order to carry out data collection, through audio and video recordings which were transcribed, according to the NURC project proposal, with some adaptations. Data analysis showed that the procedures for opening and closing of the speech topics occurred by the use of discourse markers, in particular the marker "then", allowing us to understand that these elements are important in the topical organization speech, contributing to ensure textual cohesion and coherence. We conclude that the organization of the discursive topic in the classroom occurs through events that support the explicitness of the content of teaching and learning, considering the diverse necessity of an institutional academic plan, whose main objective is the construction of knowledge

Construir com os professores do 2º ciclo práticas letivas inovadoras: um projeto de pesquisa sobre o ensino do tema curricular 'alimentação humana'

O propósito neste texto é divulgar um projeto de investigação que foi desenvolvido com professores do 2º ciclo, no qual se utilizou uma metodologia do tipo investigação-ação. Por intermédio deste projeto foi possível avaliar o impacto do uso de estratégias do Ensino por Pesquisa (EPP), com vista ao desenvolvimento de novas competências científico-didáticas (atitudes e saberes). Tais estratégias foram desenvolvidas com base em preceitos da Nova Didática e no âmbito de um programa de formação. Os dados levantados e analisados mostraram que esse tipo de metodologia contribui para a superação de dificuldades de aprendizagem inerentes a processos de formação profissional (inicial e continuada), como a de aprender por meio do trabalho cooperativo na Escola.

Desempenho de escolares na adaptação brasileira da avaliação dos processos de leitura

TEMA: adaptação brasileira da avaliação dos processos de leitura (Prolec). OBJETIVO: caracterizar e comparar o desempenho de escolares do ensino básico público e privado de 1ª a 4ª séries na adaptação brasileira da avaliação dos Processos de Leitura (Prolec). MÉTODO: participaram deste estudo 262 escolares da 1ª à 4ª série do ensino básico, distribuídos em: Grupo I (GI), composto por 122 escolares de escola pública municipal e Grupo II (GII), composto por 140 escolares de escola particular. Como procedimento, aplicou-se a adaptação brasileira das provas de avaliação do Prolec. RESULTADOS: os resultados revelaram que o GII apresentou desempenho superior em provas de identificação de som, decisão lexical, leitura de palavras, leitura de palavras de baixa frequência, leitura de pseudo-palavras, compreensão de orações e compreensão de textos. Tanto os escolares do GI como do GII apresentaram desempenho abaixo da pontuação esperada nas provas do PROLEC na versão espanhola. CONCLUSÃO: a adaptação do Prolec para a realidade brasileira mostrou-se adequada para o estabelecimento de perfil de leitura nos escolares de ensino público e particular em fase inicial de alfabetização.

Educomunicação: uma estratégia para promover o ambiente em uma área de proteção ambiental costeira

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of two public schools in Educommunication related to Environmental Protection Area Jenipabu (APAJ) located in Rio Grande do Norte / Brazil, based on perceptions of educommunicatives practices on the environment as well as perform an action included in the school APAJ. In the first phase of the research were three separate questionnaires designed to identify the actions, practices and experiences of three sets of audiences: teachers, students and parents from both schools. In the second phase, activities were carried out as educomunicatives class actions involving ride, maps of environmental design and construction of a mural on the school newspaper APAJ. We opted for the participant, making the observation in a previous visit to knowledge of the schools, where they made the first contacts with the administrative team, teachers and students, and then the application of semi-structured questionnaire to teachers, students and parents of the 4th and 5 years of elementary school the morning hours. The results showed the detachment of these actors in the knowledge, participation and involvement with APAJ, caused by the absence of actions and actions involving teaching practices educomunicatives students to interact with the environment, taking as its starting point the living space.

Saberes necessários para a docência na educação de jovens e adultos

The present thesis, entitled Knowledge for teaching: reflecting over the Youth and Adult Education, mainly considered common aspects concerning teachers knowledge and youth and adult education. It aimed to analyze, in partnership with its participants, the knowledge which is requested for teaching youth and adults. It focused on the following question: What teaching knowledge is necessary for the professionals who work during the first grades of elementary school with the youth and adults? The research took place in a school named Escola Municipal São Lucas, located in the city of Vitória da Conquista, state of Bahia, having as reference the discourses of four participants involved in the experience of research-formation. The collaborative approach, based on qualitative principles, was the adopted theoricalmethodological way, considering four actions: describing, informing, confronting and reconstructing. Collective interviews, study and reflection sessions, literacy practice observations, documental analysis and notes regarding field work were procedures adopted throughout the research. In order to analyze and organize data, we were supported by the discourse analysis, by Bakhtin (1997), specifically about the discussions around the ideas of theme and signification, which are concepts related to processual and dialectical analysis. The results and conclusions of the research make it possible to affirm that pedagogical practices, professional experiences, dialogues with other individuals and knowledge acquired at the university and at other learning environments are the participants main knowledge sources. When it comes to the local educational politics, it is observed contradiction between the participants desires regarding the school pedagogical routines and the proposals of the local government in relation to education. From our point of view, the knowledge identified and analyzed in this thesis demands the development of a diligent, technical, scientific and politically planned formative process (initial and continued), which requires fundamental public investments to recreate the educational politics and, consequently, the pedagogical experiences within the schools, contributing to the Youth and Adult Education professionalization process

Saberes docentes na organização do ensinio-aprendizagem: uma construção reflexiva com professoras do ensino fundamental

The present study has the objective to analyze with teachers from Elementary School the knowledge mobilized in the organization of the teaching-learning process, and its implications in the exploitation of that process. The investigation was developed with two teachers from the first years of the Elementary School, from a public school in Pau dos Ferros-RN. It adopts as basis the notion of knowledge as a set of individual and social relations that the individuals maintain with the world and with themselves, in the teaching and learning relation. (CHARLOT, 2000). It considers yet that the knowledges are immediate processes, reconstructed and mobilized by the practice of reflection, in dialogical and interactional contexts in contact with others. (BAKHTIN, 2002, 2003; VYGOTSKY, 1991, 2004, 2005). The collaborative approach was the theoretical and methodological background that oriented the investigative-educative process. By choosing a collaborative research as basis of the investigative pathway, it starts from the knowledge that the critical and collaborative reflection developed with the teachers from the first years of the Elementary School contribute to explicitate and resignify the meanings assigned to the knowledges that these teachers mobilize in the organization of the teaching-learning and its implications in this process. The results of the reflexive and investigative process developed with the teachers demonstrate that the familiar, scholastic, academic, professional, and the work knowledges lived, constitute the consciousness of being a teacher, and that these knowledges implicate in the dynamics of the process of teaching-learning, but not always the teachers take consciousness about these knowledges. The critical and collaborative reflection, mediated by the actions of describing, announcing, facing and reconstructing allowed to the participants of the research to realize the knowledges of themselves and of the other, the difficulties and possibilities in the organization of the teaching-learning process

Os jogos com regras na educação matemática inclusiva

This present study aimed to examine the use of games with rules in working with math education in regular classes included in Elementary School, in the municipal education schools of Natal/RN, observing the learning process and development of all students, especially those with disabilities. The theoretical references used are based on Vygotsky's works and other authors from the historical-cultural perspective, as well as researchers in the field of Inclusive Education and Mathematics Education. The investigation was based on the qualitative research guidelines, with the application of semi-structured interviews with educational coordinators and teachers from the schools involved as well as classroom observations, looking for, in the speeches of those involved and in their teaching practices, elements to reflect on the Mathematics Inclusive Education, the use of games with rules -starting from its goals, the participation of disabled students, the pedagogical mediations, up to its accessibility - and from the learning of disabled students. The analysis results showed that the concepts underlying the development of inclusive teaching practices still refer to the clinical-medical paradigm, understanding the student with disabilities from their deficiencies; which teachers use, in their majority, the mathematical games with rules in their classes, but which the teaching mediation, during these activities, still needs to be qualified so that they can, effectively, contribute to the learning and development of all students; students with disabilities do not always participate in games with others colleagues; games with rules are rarely accessible; and that the Universal Design principles are not adopted in the selected classrooms for this study. Thus, it is clear that much remains to be done so that Mathematics Education can contribute to the learning and development of all students, and among those actions the teacher continuing education is recommended

O desenvolvimento do conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo de sexualidade na vivência das professoras

Neste artigo, relatamos uma investigação sobre o desenvolvimento do conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo de Sexualidade entre professoras que trabalham com essa temática. Através da utilização do método fenomenológico foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com três professoras do Ensino Fundamental, que trabalham na rede municipal de ensino de Uberlândia. A partir da análise dessas entrevistas, foi possível apontar algumas conclusões a respeito do desenvolvimento profissional de professores e sua relação com um ensino efetivo.

Representações sobre meio ambiente de alunos da quarta série do Ensino Fundamental

Investigam-se as representações sociais sobre meio ambiente de 42 alunos de quartas séries do Ensino Fundamental em duas escolas públicas das zonas rural e urbana de um município do interior paulista. Os dados foram coletados mediante análise de documentos e pesquisa de campo, utilizando-se técnicas características da pesquisa qualitativa. Os resultados revelaram que, possivelmente, as origens daquelas representações - categorizadas como naturalistas e antropocêntricas estejam associadas, principalmente, às influências da mídia, família e religião. Acredita-se que os resultados possam contribuir para que os educadores considerem os saberes acumulados por seus alunos pela vivência de diferentes experiências e desenvolvam ações educativas ambientalmente comprometidas com a formação de indivíduos responsáveis pela criação e manutenção de melhores condições de vida, num contexto em que a prática pedagógica seja criativa, democrática e fundamentada no diálogo entre gerações e culturas, procurando estimular a ética nas relações entre os homens e entre estes e o meio ambiente.

O vídeo didático Conhecendo o Solo e a contribuição desse recurso audiovisual no processo de aprendizagem no ensino fundamental

O uso de recursos audiovisuais no ensino de solos, como estímulo para os alunos, pode auxiliar na construção de um conhecimento crítico e reflexivo. Este trabalho objetivou analisar a contribuição do vídeo Conhecendo o Solo no ensino e na aprendizagem dessa temática no nível fundamental. Com o intuito de estimular os alunos a perceber a importância dos solos nos ambientes, esse vídeo foi aplicado como conteúdo de ensino. em seguida, foi aplicado um questionário, em que os alunos descreveram as principais ideias transmitidas por esse, especificando os pontos positivos e negativos do recurso utilizado. A análise do questionário revelou que o uso do vídeo foi um facilitador da aprendizagem. Porém, as respostas dos estudantes indicaram que alguns aspectos necessitam de adequações, como o dinamismo, a interatividade, a quantidade de informações e a narração. Mesmo assim, o recurso foi classificado pela maioria dos alunos como adequado, e o repertório de conteúdos apresentou similaridade com o exposto no vídeo, caracterizando-o como um recurso de influência positiva no processo de ensino e aprendizagem.

Política curricular no Estado de São Paulo nos anos 1980 e 1990

Este texto apresenta um estudo sobre a política curricular implementada no Estado de São Paulo nas décadas de 1980 e 1990 para as primeiras séries do ensino fundamental. Examina o currículo prescrito cotejando-o com os contextos práticos de desenvolvimento do currículo. A pesquisa revela que a política curricular desse período articulou-se fortemente com a produção acadêmica em educação. Ressalta ainda a continuidade na política de produção de materiais de orientação curricular nos últimos 20 anos, buscando difundir e tornar hegemônico um pensamento pedagógico inovador. Também verifica que esses materiais circularam de diferentes formas na rede de ensino e foram apropriados de maneira seletiva pelos professores que adotaram, sobretudo, as indicações práticas.

Leituras profissionais docentes e apropriação de saberes acadêmico-educacionais

O artigo focaliza processos relacionados ao movimento atual de universitarizaçãoda docência, procurando caracterizar modos pelos quais professoras das quatro primeiras séries do ensino fundamental leram e se apropriaram de textos acadêmico-educacionais em um contexto de educação continuada. As análises apresentadas foram elaboradas no âmbito de uma investigação etnográfica, realizada em dois pólos do Programa de Educação Continuada - PEC - Formação Universitária (São Paulo). Observou-se que a atuação de diversos dispositivos em tais contextos, assim como nos textos lidos, favoreceu a instauração de um novo padrão de leituraentre as professoras. As posturas e os procedimentos por elas assumidos, por sua vez, sugeriram a existência de uma leitura profissional propriamente docente, caracterizada entre outros aspectos por uma racionalidade prática que possibilitava às professoras subvertera ordem dos discursos presente nos textos. A centralidade dossaberes e interesses práticos das docentes para a configuração de suas leituras de caráter profissional reafirma a importância da cultura pedagógica compartilhada no magistério como fonte de conhecimentos mais pertinentes para o ensino e como eixo da formação docente.

Physical and postural aspects of teachers during work activity

Studies indicate that teachers constitute a professional segment, in which the work characteristics and the demands originating from the act of teaching, favor the emergence of sickness, concerning physical or emotional aspects. The present work aimed to describe physical and postural aspects during the working activity of teachers. A total of 120 elementary school teachers (1st to 8th grade) took part in the survey. For data collection, a questionnaire was applied: it included personal and occupational information, perception of discomfort and being off work; physical strength activities; posture at work and physical conditioning activities. The average age of teachers of the present sample corresponds to 35,8 years. In relation to activities which generate more physical strength, the answer none of the activities was predominant with 30 answers; followed by writing on the board, standing up during the period of classes, explanation of the subjects, class elaboration, correction of homework and others. The area of the body with higher amount of occurrences and prevalent discomfort referred to the lower limbs and spinal cord. These data inform the necessity of investing in prevention programs for the teachers, in order to develop strategies into the organizational context and interventions at the work environment.