Steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss metabolic rate is affected by dietary Aloe vera inclusion but not by mounting an immune response against formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effect of salinity on the metabolism and osmoregulation of selected ontogenetic stages of an Amazon population of Macrobrachium amazonicum shrimp (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Overexpression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) induces a hypoxic response in Nicotiana tabacum leaves

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência da infecção por patógenos na escolha química de parceiros em tilápia-do-Nilo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Demanda energética na sessão de exercício resistido com características de hipertrofia e resistência muscular localizada

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Fatores associados ao metabolismo energetico na obesidade

Obesity is fundamentally a problem of energy balance that develops when the energy intake is greater than the total energy expenditure (TEE). TEE is composed by the sum of resting energy expenditure (REE), thermal effect of foods and thermal effect of physical activity. Many factors can affect energy expenditure and energy homeostasis. Historically, the energy expenditure has been measured by indirect calorimetry. However, more recently, the use of doubly labeled water has allowed the assessment of energy expenditure in a 24 hour period, which expanded the knowledge on energy metabolism. Factors such as gender, age, thyroid disorders, physical activity and body composition affect REE as already established in the literature. However, there has been speculation whether other factors, such as adipocytokines and diet composition, which might be involved in the genesis of obesity by decreasing the REE. So, this paper aims to review the factors that can alter the energy metabolism.

Limitações da utilização do equivalente metabólico (MET) para estimativa do gasto energético em atividades físicas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise energética de sistemas de produção de etanol de mandioca, cana-de-açúcar e milho

The objective of this work was the analysis of the energetic ethanol production systems using as source of carbohydrates, manioc, sugar cane and maize crops. The searches were carried from the field in the Paranapanema River Valley, state of Sao Paulo in the operations of cultivation and industrial processing of raw materials for analysis. The expenditure of energy concerning the agricultural part was made by the energy consumption of stage production of one hectare of sugar cane, cassava and corn, tillage and planting procedure, inputs, driving the crop, harvest, transport industry and energy draining. The expenditure of energy referring to the part was made by the industry energy consumption of stage processing of one tonne of sugar cane, cassava and corn, in the operations of disintegration / milling, hydrolysis / treatment of the broth, fermentation, distillation and maintenance of equipment. Under the system of agronomic production of raw materials, manioc presented an energy expenditure below that of sugar cane and maize (9,528.33 MJ ha-1; 14,370.90 MJ ha-1 and 15,633.83 MJ ha-1, respectively). For the ethanol produced, the operations of cultivation has consumed 1.54 MJ l-1 with manioc; MJ 1.99 l-1 with sugar cane, and 7.9 MJ l-1 with the corn. In the industrial processing of a ton of raw material, sugar cane presented an energy cost less than the cassava and maize (1,641.56 MJ t-1; 2,208.28 MJ t-1 and MJ 3,882.39 t-1, Respectively), however, showed a higher cost than when they related to ethanol produced (19.38 MJ l-1; 11.76 MJ l-1 and 11.76 MJ l-1, respectively). In the final energy balance for each megajoules of energy invested in sugar cane were required 1.09 MJ (9%), for each megajoules of energy invested in manioc were required 1.76 MJ (76%) and for each megajoules energy invested in maize were required 1.19 MJ (19%). Overall, it appears that the manioc consumes less energy than sugar cane and corn crops in the process of agribusiness obtaining ethanol.

Análise metabolômica do cérebro de abelhas (Apis mellifera) submetidas a ensaio de Reflexo de Extensão de Probóscide (REP)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Atividade física e uso de drogas entre estudantes de ensino fundamental e médio

The research examines the relationship between drug use and physical activity in school. We used an anonymous self-questionnaire among students in elementary and middle school in a Brazilian city. The mean age was 15.1 ± 1.5 years. There was no significant difference between energy expenditure and drug use, crack use except in life that related to significantly higher values of energy expenditure and habitual for the past thirty days, cocaine use was associated with higher energy expenditure habitual (p <0.05). We emphasize the need investigations addressing specific features of involvement in school and extracurricular activities, physical activity, drug use and their contributions to school health.

Análise Energética do processo experimental de produção de Biodiesel a partir do óleo de frango

There is a great global concern about the depletion and the high cost of fossil fuel reserves exploitation, more than ever, it is necessary to make a profound study and take advantage of alternative sources that can be used as energy efficiency with an appropriate pricing and low environmental impact. Brazil, which has highlighted using alternative energy sources as the use of ethanol and, in recent years, has been encouraging the expansion of its energy matrix in which the biodiesel will have a strategic importance within the agrobusiness area. Biodiesel is a fuel that can replace the diesel, which is a petroleum derivative. It is an ester, produced in the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils and animal greases, in an alcohol with an additional catalyst, are converted into fatty acids and result in esters with glycerol as sub products. The objective of this study was to estimate the final energy balance for the process biodiesel production from oil chicken waste. The energy balance estimation was quantified in calorific value according to the energy expenditure by calorimetric bomb method. The relationship between input and output of energy was around 0.97. In a first evaluation, the procedures adopted should be improved enough, so the process can become energetic and economically viable.

Custos energéticos do agroecossistema pinhão-manso e milho: comparativo entre o sistema de condução sequeiro e o irrigado

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise das eficiências energética e econômica de dois diferentes sistemas de produção de leite bovino em explorações familiares

This study aimed to analyze the energy efficiency ratings and cost of farming families producing milk in the city of Pardinho (SP). The hypothesis that guides the study is that energy expenditure may be coincident with the economic expenditure showing that there is a relationship between these flows, which can be sustainable or not. To better define the producers studied criteria were used in the official system of rural credit FEAP. Through primary data obtained by the speeches, the itineraries were reconstituted technical detailing the operations employed. Thus, we found two producers with different technical routes. The producer was the one who got one of the highest efficiencies 8.66 and 1.48 respectively. Related to the efficiency, we can see that are close related and when there is a broader idea of the allocation of energy resources and, thus, a better view of the sustainability of the agro ecosystem.

Avaliação energética econômica do agroecossistema algodão: uma abordagem entre sistemas familiares de produção do Paraguai e do Brasil

The objective of this work was to evaluate the energy and economic efficiency indexes per unit of cotton agro-ecosystem area in family production systems of Paraguay and Brazil; and, to establish a relationship between the energy and economic. Typologies presented by the Program to Support Small Cotton Holdings (Paraguay), and by the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (Brazil). Family systems of the two countries were identified; these are located from Paraguay (San Juan–CA) and from Brazil (Leme–SP). To construct the energy expenditure structure of the cotton agro-ecosystem, as well as to assess the economic efficiency, the mean values obtained were considered, when they presented similarities in production systems and they were within the typology proposed in this study. From the technical itinerary observed the Paraguayan agro-ecosystem depended (fossil fuel 56.76%) and industrial source (35.99%). Thus, the energy balance of the agricultural stage was established, which attained a value of 17,740.69 MJ ha-1; an energy efficiency of 5.28, and a cultural efficiency of 3.04. The Brazilian agro-ecosystem depended on energy from industrial source (insecticides 39.82%) and from fossil fuel (33.59%); it reached an energy balance of 19,547.88 MJ ha-1; an energy efficiency of 2.12, and a cultural efficiency index of 0.71. In the economic and energy indicator ratio, with regard to the months referring to the harvest time, that is to say, March, April, and May, the maximum economic efficiency indicator of paraguay was attained in the month of May (1,00), and from Brazil in the month of May (1,71). Both production systems analyzed were presented efficient, however, dependent of external circumstances and non-renewable energy sources.

Valiação energética e econômica do agroecossistema algodão: uma abordagem entre sistemas familiares de produção do Paraguai e Brasil

The objective of this work was to evaluate the energy and economic efficiency indexes per unit of cotton agro-ecosystem area in family production systems of Paraguay and Brazil; and, to establish a relationship between the energy and economic. Typologies presented by the Program to Support Small Cotton Holdings (Paraguay), and by the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (Brazil). Family systems of the two countries were identified; these are located from Paraguay (San Juan–CA) and from Brazil (Leme–SP). To construct the energy expenditure structure of the cotton agro-ecosystem, as well as to assess the economic efficiency, the mean values obtained were considered, when they presented similarities in production systems and they were within the typology proposed in this study. From the technical itinerary observed the Paraguayan agro-ecosystem depended (fossil fuel 56.76%) and industrial source (35.99%). Thus, the energy balance of the agricultural stage was established, which attained a value of 17,740.69 MJ ha-1; an energy efficiency of 5.28, and a cultural efficiency of 3.04. The Brazilian agro-ecosystem depended on energy from industrial source (insecticides 39.82%) and from fossil fuel (33.59%); it reached an energy balance of 19,547.88 MJ ha-1; an energy efficiency of 2.12, and a cultural efficiency index of 0.71. In the economic and energy indicator ratio, with regard to the months referring to the harvest time, that is to say, March, April, and May, the maximum economic efficiency indicator of paraguay was attained in the month of May (1,00), and from Brazil in the month of May (1,71). Both production systems analyzed were presented efficient, however, dependent of external circumstances and non-renewable energy sources.