Analysis of the footprint in school age of 8-10 years old

Biomechanical problems in children, is an important subject currently, existing controversy in different areas, for example, the majority of children have a flattened footprint, or the hypermobility joint is linked to a musculoskeletal pain. The objective of the study was to determine what kind of footprint is most frequent in school-age children (8-10 years) in the area of Plasencia. This was taken as a sign 50 children, of whom 28 were males and 22 females. All the subjects in the study underwent an assessment of footprint planted in static as well as an exploration of different parameters through inspection in a standing position (formula digital, rearfoot). The results show that excavated footprint is present in a 72% cases of the population, 16% was belonging to an excavated footprint in which we find a higher percentage of weight related.For the digital formula we find that the most common is the Egyptian foot by 40% of the cases and that the prevalence in the rearfoot, is a normal hindfoot. In relation with the hypermobility joint, we check that it is more common in girls and that none of them presents an association to musculoskeletal pain. As a future line we could establish a more comprehensive study with new techniques and valuingchild’s statics and dynamics, to have a more accurate study of the different variables in the sample population studied.

Genotypic and antimicrobial characterisation of Propionibacterium acnes isolates from surgically excised lumbar disc herniations

The anaerobic skin commensal Propionibacterium acnes is an underestimated cause of human infections and clinical conditions. Previous studies have suggested a role for the bacterium in lumbar disc herniation and infection. To further investigate this, five biopsy samples were surgically excised from each of 64 patients with lumbar disc herniation. P. acnes and other bacteria were detected by anaerobic culture, followed by biochemical and PCR-based identification. In total, 24/64 (38%) patients had evidence of P. acnes in their excised herniated disc tissue. Using recA and mAb typing methods, 52% of the isolates were type II (50% of culture-positive patients), while type IA strains accounted for 28% of isolates (42% patients). Type III (11% isolates; 21% patients) and type IB strains (9% isolates; 17% patients) were detected less frequently. The MIC values for all isolates were lowest for amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, rifampicin, tetracycline, and vancomycin (≤1 mg/L). The MIC for fusidic acid was 1-2 mg/L. The MIC for trimethoprim and gentamicin was 2 to ≥4  mg/L. The demonstration that type II and III strains, which are not frequently recovered from skin, predominated within our isolate collection (63%) suggests that the role of P. acnes in lumbar disc herniation should not be readily dismissed.

An anatomical study of the human lumbar ligamentum flavum

Objectives: A detailed investigation of the gross and microscopic anatomy of ligamentum flavum. Methods: Material included 14 lumbar vertebral columns obtained from the Anatomy Department, King Faisal University, Dammam during the period between January 2005 and January 2006. Height, width, and thickness of ligamenta flava were measured. A microscopic study was also performed. Computed tomography scan was carried out on the lumbar vertebrae of 30 patients for measuring the ligamentum flavum. Results: The anatomical results showed that the right and left ligamenta flava join in the midline forming an acute angle with a ventral opening. The ligamentum flavum is rectangular and has 4 borders and 2 surfaces. It is attached inferiorly to the superior edge and the postero-superior surface of the lamina below. It is attached superiorly to the inferior edge and the antero-inferior surface of the lamina above. Its height ranges from 14-22 mm. The width of its lower part ranges from 11-23 mm, and the thickness ranges from 3.5-6 mm. The histological results revealed that it is comprised chiefly of elastic fibres and some collagen fibres. Conclusion: The information reported in this study is of clinical value in the practice of lumbar epidural anesthesia or analgesia. Epidural puncture will be best performed through the lower and medial portion of the ligamentum flavum slightly lateral to the midline.

Estudio de Factibilidad para la creación de una empresa dedicada a la Producción y Comercialización de Yogur de Uvilla bajo en Calorias, ubicada e el Cantón Cayambe con Mercado objetivo la Ciudad de Quito

En el mundo, las empresas y países que han incursionado en la industria láctea se han especializado en la elaboración de algún producto específico. Dentro de los principales productos derivados de leche podemos mencionar: leche fluida o fresca, leche en polvo, quesos y otros productos lácteos. Según la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO) la producción mundial de leche entera en el 2008 alcanzó un volumen de 693,2 millones de toneladas equivalentes en leche, lo que representa un crecimiento de 2,5% respecto al 2007.1

Diseño de una empresa de producción de tomate riñón bajo invernadero en la Provincia de Pichincha.

Una nueva teoría debe ir más allá de la ventaja comparativa y llegar a la ventaja competitiva de una nación. Debe explicar por qué las empresas de una nación consiguen ventajas competitivas en todas sus formas, que no solamente en los limitados tipos de ventajas basadas en los factores que se contemplan en la teoría de la ventaja comparativa. La mayoría de las teorías del comercio se fijan exclusivamente en el costo y tratan como nota a pie de página la calidad y los productos diferenciados. Una nueva teoría debe reflejar un rico concepto de la competencia que comprenda los mercados segmentados, los productos diferenciados, las diferencias en las tecnologías y las economías de escala. La calidad, las características y la innovación en los nuevos productos son determinantes en los sectores y segmentos avanzados. Además, la ventaja en los costos se deriva tanto de los diseños que permiten una fabricación eficiente y de las tecnologías avanzadas de proceso cuanto de los costos de los factores o incluso de las economías de escala. Debemos comprender las razones de que algunas naciones sean mejores que otras en la creación de estas ventajas, tan esenciales para la alta y creciente productividad1. En el presente estudio se interrelacionó la investigación documental y la investigación de campo; permitiendo demostrar que la producción de tomate riñón (o Lycopersicum Esculentum, pertenece a la familia de las solanáceas) bajo invernadero, tal como se plantea es técnica y económicamente factible; ya que el cultivo de tomate riñón es uno de los más representativos en cuanto a hortalizas, además, dado que el tomate constituye uno de los principales productos que la gente consume diariamente en sus comidas, lo hace acreedor a una gran demanda diaria sea en su presentación natural o ya procesado, por ejemplo tomate enlatado, pasta de tomate, salsa de tomate, entre otras.

Creation of an Age-Adjusted, Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry-Derived Trabecular Bone Score Curve for the Lumbar Spine in Non-Hispanic US White Women.

The trabecular bone score (TBS, Med-Imaps, Pessac, France) is an index of bone microarchitecture texture extracted from anteroposterior dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry images of the spine. Previous studies have documented the ability of TBS of the spine to differentiate between women with and without fractures among age- and areal bone mineral density (aBMD)-matched controls, as well as to predict future fractures. In this cross-sectional analysis of data collected from 3 geographically dispersed facilities in the United States, we investigated age-related changes in the microarchitecture of lumbar vertebrae as assessed by TBS in a cohort of non-Hispanic US white American women. All subjects were 30 yr of age and older and had an L1-L4aBMDZ-score within ±2 SD of the population mean. Individuals were excluded if they had fractures, were on any osteoporosis treatment, or had any illness that would be expected to impact bone metabolism. All data were extracted from Prodigy dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry devices (GE-Lunar, Madison, WI). Cross-calibrations between the 3 participating centers were performed for TBS and aBMD. aBMD and TBS were evaluated for spine L1-L4 but also for all other possible vertebral combinations. To validate the cohort, a comparison between the aBMD normative data of our cohort and US non-Hispanic white Lunar data provided by the manufacturer was performed. A database of 619 non-Hispanic US white women, ages 30-90 yr, was created. aBMD normative data obtained from this cohort were not statistically different from the non-Hispanic US white Lunar normative data provided by the manufacturer (p = 0.30). This outcome thereby indirectly validates our cohort. TBS values at L1-L4 were weakly inversely correlated with body mass index (r = -0.17) and weight (r = -0.16) and not correlated with height. TBS values for all lumbar vertebral combinations decreased significantly with age. There was a linear decrease of 16.0% (-2.47 T-score) in TBS at L1-L4 between 45 and 90 yr of age (vs. -2.34 for aBMD). Microarchitectural loss rate increased after age 65 by 50% (-0.004 to -0.006). Similar results were obtained for other combinations of lumbar vertebra. TBS, an index of bone microarchitectural texture, decreases with advancing age in non-Hispanic US white women. Little change in TBS is observed between ages 30 and 45. Thereafter, a progressive decrease is observed with advancing age. The changes we observed in these American women are similar to that previously reported for a French population of white women (r(2) > 0.99). This reference database will facilitate the use of TBS to assess bone microarchitectural deterioration in clinical practice.

Estrategias de comunicación a bajo costo: Artículos, enlaces de interés y entidades de apoyo

Bogotá Emprende

Estrategias de comunicación a bajo costo: Consejos prácticos

Bogotá Emprende

Estrategia de comunicación a bajo costo como una herramienta esencial para el posicionamiento y recordación de la organización : Herramienta interactiva

Bogotá Emprende

Resolución N° 29 ¿Cuál es el control de la cámara de comercio respecto de la elección y nombramiento de miembros de junta directiva bajo el esquema de cociente electoral?

Servicios registrales

Resolución N° 186 ¿Bajo que criterios evalúa la cámara de comercio la toma de decisiones en las sociedades de responsabilidad limitada ?

Servicios registrales

Resolución N° 218 ¿Puede una ley posterior configurar situaciones jurídicas constituidas bajo una ley anterior?

Servicios registrales