Atributos microbiológicos do solo em sistemas de manejo de longa duração

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Diversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Brazilian Water Buffalo Mozzarella Cheese

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Human development and data envelopment analysis: a structured literature review

Given the importance the concept of productive efficiency has on analyzing the human development process, which is complex and multidimensional, this study conducts a literature review on the research works that have used the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure and analyze the development process. Therefore, we researched the databases of Scopus and Web of Science, and considered the following analysis dimensions: bibliometrics, scope, DEA models and extensions used, interfaces with other techniques, units analyzed and depth of analysis. In addition to a brief summary, the main gaps in each analysis dimension were assessed, which may serve to guide future researches. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Programação por Metas, Análise por Envoltória de Dados e Teoria Fuzzy na avaliação da eficiência sob incerteza: aplicação em minifábricas do segmento de autopeças

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Alimentos funcionais: uma nova fronteira para o desenvolvimento de bebidas protéicas a base de soro de leite

Functional foods are defined as those that provide additional benefits to consumers. The market for foods with functional properties is expanding, supported by scientific evidences, which leads the developing of different special foods. This market segment is related to the innovations, as well as the traditional functional dairy and non dairy products, gain traction in the marketplace for innovative products like based whey sports beverage. Besides the functionality of muscle protein synthesis, these beverages are entering into areas such as clinical nutrition and satiety. Thus, it can be supposed that the composition and technological versatility of the whey support the use asinnovative ingredient for foods and beverages. This review aim to supply an overview about functional foods, mainly the segment of whey based beverages. The success of this new nutritional approach is close related to the requirement to identify, to characterize and to develop methodologies to measure and to validate more precisely the relevant functional markers, making them open for a public domain.

História oral em educação matemática: contribuições para um referencial

The main intention of this paper is to present how a Research Group in Mathematics Education – known as GHOEM, “Oral History and Math Education” Research Group – is taking Oral History into account in Mathematics Education researches, sometimes challenging and expanding this specific methodological approach in order to better answer questions in Math Education field. The composition of such group, as frequently occurs in a research community, is dynamic. So, the works taken into consideration in this paper were those written by researchers which were GHOEM members at the time they published their results.

Ocorrência de pesquisas narrativas sobre formação de professores de Ciências e Matemática no Brasil, de 2000 a 2010

In this article, we present results that express the occurrence of narratives researches in the form of theses and dissertations in postgraduate programs in Brazil, from 2000 to 2010 in the Teaching of Science and Mathematics area. We consulted the Student Registration, on the site of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, through the keywords: narrative research, narrative inquiry and teacher training. Through reading the abstracts, we identified the area of knowledge, the IES and the supervisor. Of the 162 (one hundred, sixty two) academic productions identified, 31 (thirty-one) are in the area of Science and Mathematics teaching. The data obtained point to the existence of groups of studies and research training in the country engaged in narrative research in Mathematics and Science Teaching, in line with teacher training.

Método primal-dual de pontos interiores aplicado ao problema de despacho econômico e ambiental

Este artigo traz os resultados obtidos através do estudo e da aplicação do Método Primal-Dual Previsor-Corretor de Pontos Interiores para Problema de Programação Quadr´atica convexa a um Problema de Despacho Econômico (PDE) e a um Problema Multiobjetivo de Despacho Econômico e Ambiental (DEA). O primeiro problema busca determinar a solução ótima aproximada, minimizando os custos dos combustíveis empregados na geração termoelétrica de energia e satisfazendo as restrições operacionais. Já o segundo é solucionado através do Método da Soma Ponderada, que apresenta um balanceamento entre o problema de otimização dos custos e o problema de emissão de poluentes. Ao final do artigo, um algoritmo para cada problema é proposto e implementado computacionalmente utilizando o software Borland C++ Builder 6.0. Os testes foram realizados utilizando um PDE de 13 geradores e um DEA de 06 geradores e os resultados obtidos demonstram a eficiˆencia dos m´etodos quando comparados a outros encontrados na literatura.

Efficiency in Brazil's industrial sectors in terms of energy and sustainable development

This article evaluates the efficiency of Brazil's industrial sectors from 1996 to 2009, taking into account energy consumption and respective contributions to the country's economic and social aspects. This analysis used a mathematical programming method called Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which enabled, from the SBM model and the window analysis, to evaluate the ability of industries to reduce energy consumption and fossil-fuel CO2 emissions (inputs), as well as to increase the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by sectors, the persons employed and personnel expenses (outputs). The results of this study indicated that the Textile sector is the most efficient industrial sector in Brazil, according to the variables used, followed by these sectors: Foods and Beverages, Chemical, Mining, Paper and Pulp, Nonmetallic and Metallurgical.

Análise econômica da eficiência da produção de cana-de-açúcar de fornecedores do Estado do Paraná

The sugarcane industry has been important in the Brazilian economy since the colonial period. The search for alternative energy sources has gained more prominence, by offering a product generating clean energy. With the opening of the Brazilian economy, the sector has undergone transformations operating in a free market environment requiring greater efficiency and competitiveness of those involved in order to stay in business. This scenario is producer/supplier independent, and social aspects related to their stay in the market. Although its share in sugarcane production is smaller than the plant itself, it is still considerable having reached around 20% to 25% in 2008 by employing labor, also production factors had an important economic impact in the regions where they operate. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the economic efficiency and production of independent sugarcane producers in the state of Paraná through the DEA model. The Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric technique that, using linear programming constructs production borders from production units that employ similar technological processes to transform inputs into outputs.The results showed that of the total surveyed, 13.56% had maximum efficiency (an efficiency score equal to 1). The average efficiency under variable returns to scale (BCC-DEA) was 0.71024. One can thus conclude that for the majority of the samples collected, it might be better use of available resources to the in order to obtain the economic efficiency of the production process.

Análise envoltória de dados combinada com a lógica fuzzy em problemas de avaliação de eficiência de máquinas de consumo: um estudo em empresa do segmento farmacêutico

The pharmaceutical industry was consolidated in Brazil in the 1930s, and since then has become increasingly competitive. Therefore the implementation of the Toyota Production System, which aims to lean production, has become common among companies in the segment. The main efficiency indicator currently used is the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). This paper intends to, using the fuzzy model DEA-BCC, analyze the efficiency of the production lines of a pharmaceutical company in the Paraíba Valley, compare the values obtained by the model with those calculated by the OEE, identify the most sensitive machines to variation in the data input and develop a ranking of effectiveness between the consumer machinery. After the development, it is shown that the accuracy of the relationship between the two methods is approximately 57% and the line considered the most effective by the Toyota Production System is not the same as the one found by this paper

Análise envoltória de dados combinada com a lógica fuzzy em problemas de avaliação de eficiência de máquinas de consumo: um estudo em empresa do segmento farmacêutico

The pharmaceutical industry was consolidated in Brazil in the 1930s, and since then has become increasingly competitive. Therefore the implementation of the Toyota Production System, which aims to lean production, has become common among companies in the segment. The main efficiency indicator currently used is the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). This paper intends to, using the fuzzy model DEA-BCC, analyze the efficiency of the production lines of a pharmaceutical company in the Paraíba Valley, compare the values obtained by the model with those calculated by the OEE, identify the most sensitive machines to variation in the data input and develop a ranking of effectiveness between the consumer machinery. After the development, it is shown that the accuracy of the relationship between the two methods is approximately 57% and the line considered the most effective by the Toyota Production System is not the same as the one found by this paper

An integrated approach to evaluate emerging contaminants in drinking water

The chemical stock of emerging contaminants in Brazilian drinking water is of great interest due to the poor water quality at surface water intakes. In addition, little is known about the effect of some contaminants, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which may be present in both raw and treated water. The aim of this work was to evaluate selected emerging contaminants in Brazilian waters using both chemical and biological analyses. Sampling sites were established in different municipalities based upon raw water quality data. Estrone, 17 beta-estradiol, estriol, 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol, bisphenol A, 4-n-octylphenol and 4-n-nonylphenol were determined in the samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A yeast assay using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae bioluminescent bioreporter was used to evaluate the estrogenic activity of the water samples. The first integrated results revealed similarities between the two individual approaches, since higher values for the bioassay were accompanied by significant concentrations of some selected compounds in surface water samples. No estrogenicity was observed for drinking water samples. Our results also indicate that the usual paradigm of evaluating water quality by measuring selected EDCs in a given water sample via chemical analysis, needs to be reviewed since the observed estrogenicity of a water sample is now a better guiding parameter to the selection of samples and substances to be chemically investigated in further analysis. So far, the data bank produced in this work, i.e., the comparison between chemical burden and observed estrogenicity, is not yet sufficiently robust to fully guide this decision. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of an adapted physical activity program on the physical condition of elderly women: an analysis of efficiency

Background: Specific research tools and designs can assist in identifying the efficiency of physical activity in elderly women. Objectives: To identify the effects of physical activity on the physical condition of older women. Method: A one-year-long physical activity program (123 sessions) was implemented for women aged 60 years or older. Four physical assessments were conducted, in which weight, height, BMI, blood pressure, heart rate, absences, grip strength, flexibility, VO2max, and static and dynamic balance were assessed. The statistical analyses included a repeated measures analysis, both inferential (analysis of variance - ANOVA) and effect size (Cohen's d coefficient), as well as identification of the participants' efficiency (Data Envelopment Analysis - DEA). Results: Despite the observation of differences that depended on the analysis used, the results were successful in the sense that they showed that physical activity adapted to older women can effectively change the decline in physical ability associated with aging, depending on the purpose of the study. The 60-65 yrs group was the most capable of converting physical activity into health benefits in both the short and long term. The >65 yrs group took less advantage of physical activity. Conclusions: Adherence to the program and actual time spent on each type of exercise are the factors that determine which population can benefit from physical activity programs. The DEA allows the assessment of the results related to time spent on physical activity in terms of health concerns. Article registered in Clinicaltrials.gov under number NCT01558401.

Desempenho dos municípios paulistas: uma avaliação de eficiência da atenção básica à saúde

Neste trabalho, teve-se por objetivo construir uma metodologia de avaliação de desempenho dos municípios paulistas quanto à eficiência técnica na aplicação de recursos públicos nas ações de atenção básica à saúde e analisar a influência de variáveis não controláveis no processo de produção em tal área. A eficiência técnica é um dos parâmetros de avaliação de desempenho dos gestores públicos, refletindo a capacidade de uma entidade obter máximos outputs com o menor consumo de inputs. O alcance de tal métrica pode ser prejudicado ou favorecido pelas variáveis ambientais ou não controláveis que, se não forem consideradas na avaliação de desempenho, podem gerar vieses. Nesse sentido, por meio da metodologia Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) em dois estágios, os escores de eficiência dos municípios foram estimados e depois ajustados com o uso da análise de regressão. Os resultados indicaram que seria possível aumentar, consideravelmente, a quantidade de serviços prestados à população sem a necessidade de novas dotações orçamentárias na maioria dos municípios. Além disso, verificou-se que a maior proporção de idosos em uma jurisdição torna a prestação de serviços mais cara; por sua vez, maiores densidade populacional, grau de urbanização e escala dos estabelecimentos de saúde favorecem o gasto público com eficiência. Os cinco municípios paulistas considerados mais eficientes foram Tuiuti, Nova Guataporanga, Sabino, Lins e Santos.