Amplitude envelope synchronization in coupled chaotic oscillators.

A peculiar type of synchronization has been found when two Van der PolDuffing oscillators, evolving in different chaotic attractors, are coupled. As the coupling increases, the frequencies of the two oscillators remain different, while a synchronized modulation of the amplitudes of a signal of each system develops, and a null Lyapunov exponent of the uncoupled systems becomes negative and gradually larger in absolute value. This phenomenon is characterized by an appropriate correlation function between the returns of the signals, and interpreted in terms of the mutual excitation of new frequencies in the oscillators power spectra. This form of synchronization also occurs in other systems, but it shows up mixed with or screened by other forms of synchronization, as illustrated in this paper by means of the examples of the dynamic behavior observed for three other different models of chaotic oscillators.

A non-extensive maximum entropy based regulations method for bad conditioned inverse problems

A regularization method based on the non-extensive maximum entropy principle is devised. Special emphasis is given to the q=1/2 case. We show that, when the residual principle is considered as constraint, the q=1/2 generalized distribution of Tsallis yields a regularized solution for bad-conditioned problems. The so devised regularized distribution is endowed with a component which corresponds to the well known regularized solution of Tikhonov (1977).

Symmetries of the free Schrödinger equation in the non-commutative plane

We study all the symmetries of the free Schr odinger equation in the non-commu- tative plane. These symmetry transformations form an infinite-dimensional Weyl algebra that appears naturally from a two-dimensional Heisenberg algebra generated by Galilean boosts and momenta. These infinite high symmetries could be useful for constructing non-relativistic interacting higher spin theories. A finite-dimensional subalgebra is given by the Schröodinger algebra which, besides the Galilei generators, contains also the dilatation and the expansion. We consider the quantization of the symmetry generators in both the reduced and extended phase spaces, and discuss the relation between both approaches.

Symmetries of the free Schrödinger equation in the non-commutative plane

We study all the symmetries of the free Schrödinger equation in the non-commu- tative plane. These symmetry transformations form an infinite-dimensional Weyl algebra that appears naturally from a two-dimensional Heisenberg algebra generated by Galilean boosts and momenta. These infinite high symmetries could be useful for constructing non-relativistic interacting higher spin theories. A finite-dimensional subalgebra is given by the Schröodinger algebra which, besides the Galilei generators, contains also the dilatation and the expansion. We consider the quantization of the symmetry generators in both the reduced and extended phase spaces, and discuss the relation between both approaches.

Diradicals acting through diamagnetic phenylene vinylene bridges: Raman spectroscopy as a probe to characterize spin delocalization

We present a complete Raman spectroscopic study in two structurally well-defined diradical species of different lengths incorporating oligo p-phenylene vinylene bridges between two polychlorinated triphenylmethyl radical units, a disposition that allows sizeable conjugation between the two radicals through and with the bridge. The spectroscopic data are interpreted and supported by quantum chemical calculations. We focus the attention on the Raman frequency changes, interpretable in terms of: (i) bridge length (conjugation length); (ii) bridge conformational structure; and (iii) electronic coupling between the terminal radical units with the bridge and through the bridge, which could delineate through-bond spin polarization, or spin delocalization. These items are addressed by using the"oligomer approach" in conjunction with pressure and temperature dependent Raman spectroscopic data. In summary, we have attempted to translate the well-known strategy to study the electron (charge) structure of π−conjugated molecules by Raman spectroscopy to the case of electron (spin) interactions via the spin delocalization mechanism.

La naturalesa de l'enllaç químic. Contribucions de Linus Pauling

Aquest treball comença amb un breu repàs de l'evolució històrica del concepte d'enllaç químic, seguit d'una introducció als dos models que, en el marc de la mecànica quàntica, es fan servir actualment per explicar aquell concepte (orbitals moleculars i enllaç-valència). Després d'aquesta introducció, es presenten les principals aportacions fetes per Linus Pauling en relació amb l'enllac, la major part de les quals s'enquadren en el context enllaç-valència. El treball de Heitler i London, considerat com l'inici del model enllaç-valència, posa de manifest que, quan els electrons que formen l'enllaç tenen els seus spins antiparal•lels, se situen preferentment entre els nuclis i poden llavors atreure'ls amb intensitat sufficient per vèncer la repulsió internuclear. En paraules de Pauling, la força química és una força d'origen electrostàtic, que pot ser atractiva o repulsiva depenent de l'orientació relativa dels spins electronics. El treball de Pauling relacionat amb la comprensió de l'enllaç és molt ampli. Una de les claus per entendre el seu èxit es deu a la concurrència de dos factors: la seva condició de químic, d'una Banda, i, de l'altra, el seu coneixement de la mecànica quàntica quan tot just s'estava desenvolupant en un restringit cercle de físics teòrics. Aquesta formació li permeté entroncar els conceptes quàntics amb el model de Lewis, ben conegut per la resta de químics. Destaquem l'especial rellevància de les publications dels anys trenta, les quals inclouen les contribucions més importants en relació amb la naturalesa de l'enllaç. Una d'aquestes és el concepte d'hibridació, el qual, malgrat el seu actual desprestigi per part de molts químics quàntics, ha tingut una importància històrica cabdal, en permetre racionalitzar l'estructura de la major part de les molècules i, en particular, dels complexos dels metalls de transició. Una altra contribució rellevant es el concepte de ressonància, desenvolupat per explicar l'estructura de les molècules que, com el benzè, no es poden representar amb una sola estructura de Lewis. Una aplicació menys coneguda d'aquest concepte fou el model introduït per Pawling per explicar les especials propietats dels metalls. El treball conclou amb una breu incursió en les actuals perspectives del mètode enllaç-valència. En els últims anys, aquest mètode ha recuperat interès gràcies als seus avantatges de cara a la interpretació dels resultats de sofisticats càlculs mecanoquàntics utilitzant les idees intuïtives que, de manera quasi constant, fan servir els químics en els seus raonaments. Aquest és, de fet, el punt clau que Pauling ha defensat al llarg de la seva carrera científica i que, malgrat el seu indiscutible interès, queda, de vegades, relegat a un segon terme a causa d'una excessiva preocupació per la precisió dels càlculs.

Disponibilidade hídrica, radiação solar e fotossíntese em videiras 'Cabernet Sauvignon' sob cultivo protegido

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da cobertura de videira 'Cabernet Sauvignon' com lona plástica translúcida sobre a disponibilidade de luz e água, a concentração foliar de clorofila e a fotossíntese. As plantas com cinco anos de idade foram conduzidas em sistema 'Y' sobre porta-enxerto Paulsen 1103. O experimento seguiu o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos (plantas sem e com cobertura plástica) e quatro repetições de 15 plantas (unidade experimental). A cobertura plástica reduziu o suprimento às plantas de radiações ultravioleta (UV), azul, verde, vermelho, vermelho distante e total (300-750 nm), bem como a disponibilidade hídrica nas camadas superficiais do solo (0-30 cm). As plantas cobertas apresentaram maior taxa fotossintética máxima e condutância estomática em relação às plantas descobertas. Os pontos de compensação e de saturação de luz, a eficiência quântica aparente, a respiração no escuro, a concentração foliar de clorofilas e o potencial hídrico foliar de base não foram influenciados pelo uso da cobertura plástica. A cobertura plástica reduziu a radiação e a disponibilidade hídrica nas camadas superficiais do solo, porém favoreceu a assimilação foliar de CO2.

Fluorescência da clorofila a em folhas de tangerineira 'Ponkan' e limeira ácida 'Tahiti' submetidas ao estresse hídrico

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o estresse causado por deficiência hídrica para induzir o florescimento sobre a fluorescência da clorofila a em tangerineira 'Ponkan' e limeira ácida 'Tahiti'. As plantas foram enxertadas sobre o limoeiro 'Cravo', conduzidas em câmara de crescimento sob condições controladas. O estresse causado pela deficiência hídrica submetido à tangerineira 'Ponkan' e à limeira ácida 'Tahiti' reduziu a eficiência quântica potencial do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm). Após a irrigação, as plantas apresentaram valores dos parâmetros de fluorescência similares àqueles verificados antes do estresse submetido por deficiência hídrica.

Large N QCD from rotating branes

We study large N SU(N) Yang-Mills theory in three and four dimensions using a one-parameter family of supergravity models which originate from non-extremal rotating D-branes. We show explicitly that varying this angular momentum parameter decouples the Kaluza-Klein modes associated with the compact D-brane coordinate, while the mass ratios for ordinary glueballs are quite stable against this variation, and are in good agreement with the latest lattice results. We also compute the topological susceptibility and the gluon condensate as a function of the "angular momentum" parameter.

V0 production in p+A collisions at √s = 41.6 GeV

Inclusive doubly differential cross sections d 2 σ pA /dx F   dp T 2 as a function of Feynman-x (x F ) and transverse momentum (p T ) for the production of K S 0 , Λ and Λ¯ in proton-nucleus interactions at 920 GeV are presented. The measurements were performed by HERA-B in the negative x F range (−0.12

Cherenkov mesons as in-medium quark energy loss

We recently showed that a heavy quark moving sufficiently fast through a quark-gluon plasma may lose energy by Cherenkov-radiating mesons [1]. Here we review our previous holographic calculation of the energy loss in N=4 Super Yang-Mills and extend it to longitudinal vector mesons and scalar mesons. We also discuss phenomenological implications for heavy-ion collision experiments. Although the Cherenkov energy loss is an O(1/Nc) effect, a ballpark estimate yields a value of dE/dx for Nc=3 which is comparable to that of other mechanisms.

Cherenkov mesons as in-medium quark energy loss

We recently showed that a heavy quark moving sufficiently fast through a quark-gluon plasma may lose energy by Cherenkov-radiating mesons [1]. Here we review our previous holographic calculation of the energy loss in N=4 Super Yang-Mills and extend it to longitudinal vector mesons and scalar mesons. We also discuss phenomenological implications for heavy-ion collision experiments. Although the Cherenkov energy loss is an O(1/Nc) effect, a ballpark estimate yields a value of dE/dx for Nc=3 which is comparable to that of other mechanisms.

Optimization of KOH etching process to obtain textured substrates suitable for heterojunction solar cells fabricated by HWCVD

In this work, we have studied the texturization process of (100) c-Si wafers using a low concentration potassium hydroxide solution in order to obtain good quality textured wafers. The optimization of the etching conditions have led to random but uniform pyramidal structures with good optical properties. Then, symmetric heterojunctions were deposited by Hot-Wire CVD onto these substrates and the Quasi-Steady-State PhotoConductance technique was used to measure passivation quality. Little degradation in the effective lifetime and implicit open circuit voltage of these devices (< 20 mV) was observed in all cases. It is especially remarkable that for big uniform pyramids, the open-circuit voltage is comparable to the values obtained on flat substrates.

Progress in a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction emitters obtained by Hot-Wire CVD at 200°C

In this work, we investigate heterojunction emitters deposited by Hot-Wire CVD on p-type crystalline silicon. The emitter structure consists of an n-doped film (20 nm) combined with a thin intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon buffer layer (5 nm). The microstructure of these films has been studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the UV-visible range. These measurements reveal that the microstructure of the n-doped film is strongly influenced by the amorphous silicon buffer. The Quasy-Steady-State Photoconductance (QSS-PC) technique allows us to estimate implicit open-circuit voltages near 700 mV for heterojunction emitters on p-type (0.8 Ω·cm) FZ silicon wafers. Finally, 1 cm 2 heterojunction solar cells with 15.4% conversion efficiencies (total area) have been fabricated on flat p-type (14 Ω·cm) CZ silicon wafers with aluminum back-surface-field contact.