Reabilitação termo-higrométrica de edifícios de estabelecimentos de ensino construídos entre a década de 60 e 90

Em consequência da elevada permanência das pessoas em espaços interiores de edifícios, surge actualmente uma maior preocupação com o conforto térmico e qualidade do ar no seu interior. Apesar da grande evolução tecnológica dos sistemas de conservação de energia térmica e controle da qualidade do ar interior (QAI) na construção, os edifícios existentes acabam por não acompanhar essa evolução, apresentando um comportamento térmico e higrométrico que por vezes podem comprometer quer o conforto, quer a saúde e actividades dos seus utilizadores. Nos estabelecimentos de ensino, o comportamento termo-higrométrico assume um papel importante face à permanência diária de um grande número de crianças e jovens no seu interior. Com este estudo pretende-se caracterizar a qualidade do ambiente no interior de oito escolas, através de uma análise aos principais parâmetros de natureza higrotérmica de oito salas de aulas, tais como: a temperatura (ambiente e superficial), a humidade relativa (do ambiente e da superfície da envolvente exterior opaca), bem como o nível de escoamento do ar interior. Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados das medições efectuadas em oito salas de aula que permitiram a comparação de características termo-higrométricas entre as respectivas escolas. É ainda apresentada a estimativa do nível de conforto térmico face às condições ambientais registadas, bem como a análise do risco de ocorrência de condensações interiores.

Pre-meal tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) intake can have anti-obesity effects in young women?

The effect of pre-meal tomato intake in the anthropometric indices and blood levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, and uric acid of a young women population (n=35, 19.6 ± 1.3 years) was evaluated. During 4 weeks, daily, participants ingested a raw ripe tomato (~90 g) before lunch. Their anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured repeatedly during the follow-up time. At the end of the 4 weeks, significant reductions were observed on body weight (-1.09 ± 0.12 kg on average), % fat (-1.54 ± 0.52%), fasting blood glucose (-5.29 ± 0.80 mg/dl), triglycerides (-8.31 ± 1.34 mg/dl), cholesterol (-10.17 ± 1.21 mg/ dl), and uric acid (-0.16 ± 0.04 mg/dl) of the participants. The tomato pre-meal ingestion seemed to interfere positively in body weight, fat percentage, and blood levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and uric acid of the young adult women that participated in this study.

Temporal differences in blood meal detection from the midguts of Triatoma infestans

We used genus/species specific PCRs to determine the temporal persistence of host DNA in Triatoma infestans experimentally fed on blood from six common vertebrate species: humans, domestic dogs, guinea pigs, chickens, mice, and pigs. Twenty third or fourth instar nymphs per animal group were allowed to feed to engorgement, followed by fasting-maintenance in the insectary. At 7, 14, 21, or 28 days post-feeding, the midgut contents from five triatomines per group were tested with the respective PCR assay. DNA from all vertebrate species was detected in at least four of five study nymphs at seven and 14 days post-feeding. DNA of humans, domestic dogs, guinea pigs, pigs, and chickens were more successfully detected (80-100%) through day 21, and less successfully (20-100%) at day 28. Findings demonstrate that species-specific PCRs can consistently identify feeding sources of T. infestans within two weeks, a biologically relevant time interval.

Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN PERIDOMICILIARY AREA DURING ASYMPTOMATIC MALARIA TRANSMISSION IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST: MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF BLOOD-MEAL SOURCES INDICATES HUMANS AS PRIMARY INTERMEDIATE HOSTS

Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii has been implicated as the primary vector of human and simian malarias out of the Brazilian Amazon and specifically in the Atlantic Forest regions. The presence of asymptomatic human cases, parasite-positive wild monkeys and the similarity between the parasites infecting them support the discussion whether these infections can be considered as a zoonosis. Although many aspects of the biology of An. cruzii have already been addressed, studies conducted during outbreaks of malaria transmission, aiming at the analysis of blood feeding and infectivity, are missing in the Atlantic Forest. This study was conducted in the location of Palestina, Juquitiba, where annually the majority of autochthonous human cases are notified in the Atlantic Forest of the state of São Paulo. Peridomiciliary sites were selected for collection of mosquitoes in a perimeter of up to 100 m around the residences of human malaria cases. The mosquitoes were analyzed with the purpose of molecular identification of blood-meal sources and to examine the prevalence of Plasmodium. A total of 13,441 females of An. (Ker.) cruzii were collected. The minimum infection rate was calculated at 0.03% and 0.01%, respectively, for P. vivax and P. malariae and only human blood was detected in the blood-fed mosquitoes analyzed. This data reinforce the hypothesis that asymptomatic human carriers are the main source of anopheline infection in the peridomiciliary area, making the probability of zoonotic transmission less likely to happen.

American Society of Anesthesiologists Score: Still Useful After 60 Years? Results of the EuSOS Study

OBJECTIVE: The European Surgical Outcomes Study described mortality following in-patient surgery. Several factors were identified that were able to predict poor outcomes in a multivariate analysis. These included age, procedure urgency, severity and type and the American Association of Anaesthesia score. This study describes in greater detail the relationship between the American Association of Anaesthesia score and postoperative mortality. METHODS: Patients in this 7-day cohort study were enrolled in April 2011. Consecutive patients aged 16 years and older undergoing inpatient non-cardiac surgery with a recorded American Association of Anaesthesia score in 498 hospitals across 28 European nations were included and followed up for a maximum of 60 days. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Decision tree analysis with the CHAID (SPSS) system was used to delineate nodes associated with mortality. RESULTS: The study enrolled 46,539 patients. Due to missing values, 873 patients were excluded, resulting in the analysis of 45,666 patients. Increasing American Association of Anaesthesia scores were associated with increased admission rates to intensive care and higher mortality rates. Despite a progressive relationship with mortality, discrimination was poor, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.658 (95% CI 0.642 - 0.6775). Using regression trees (CHAID), we identified four discrete American Association of Anaesthesia nodes associated with mortality, with American Association of Anaesthesia 1 and American Association of Anaesthesia 2 compressed into the same node. CONCLUSION: The American Association of Anaesthesia score can be used to determine higher risk groups of surgical patients, but clinicians cannot use the score to discriminate between grades 1 and 2. Overall, the discriminatory power of the model was less than acceptable for widespread use.

Biodiesel production from chicken feather meal, combining biocatalysis and supercritical technology

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Biotecnologia

Desafios da arte contemporânea à conservação e restauro documentar a arte portuguesa dos Anos 60/70

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Conservação e Restauro, ramo de Teoria, História e Técnicas da Produção Artística

A Evolução Pictórica na Obra de Paula Rego. Décadas de 60, 70 e 80

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em História da Arte Contemporânea

Desafios da arte contemporânea à conservação e restauro. Documentar a arte Portuguesa dos anos 60/70

A dissertação que aqui se apresenta partiu da necessidade de colocar em confronto as bases éticas da conservação e restauro, que assentam na defesa da materialidade histórica, com a progressiva desmaterialização da arte que ocorre a partir da década de 60 em diante. A organização do trabalho implicou, na escrita, a distinção entre duas partes: uma históricoteórica e a outra de carácter mais prático. Na primeira parte procurámos justificar a progressiva tendência histórica para a desmaterialização do suporte artístico bem como a consequente necessidade de um re-pensamento dos aspectos éticos e práticos da conservação, com particular atenção à documentação do ponto de vista autoral. Na segunda parte da dissertação apresentamos um conjunto de oito casos práticos, a partir de obras de oito artistas portugueses – Henrique Ruivo, Lourdes Castro, Noronha da Costa, Ana Vieira, Alberto Carneiro, João Vieira, René Bertholo e Helena Almeida - todos com início de carreira na década de 60. Procurámos reunir, com base numa investigação em torno dos aspectos da criação da obra, mas também da sua recepção, informação detalhada sobre materiais constitutivos, sua origem e semântica, técnicas, processos criativos, bem como a posição de cada autor relativamente ao envelhecimento das obras em análise. Para o efeito procedemos a um conjunto de entrevistas presenciais aos artistas em questão, directores de museus e curadores – com envolvimento com as obras daqueles - bem como ao levantamento da fortuna crítica associada às obras seleccionadas. Um dos aspectos que se revelou decisivo ao longo do trabalho foi o da investigação dos processos criativos, central para obras cuja autenticidade não se pode resumir a qualquer noção de originalidade material, podendo contudo ser alicerçada na investigação e documentação do processo criativo, realizado essencialmente a partir do ponto de vista autoral. O trabalho efectuado teve também como objectivo a compreensão das condições reais de conservação documental das peças. Concluímos: a necessidade de se proceder à documentação(inscrição) como forma de conservação; o papel imprescindível de uma historiografia da arte mais centrada nos aspectos da preservação; a urgência de formar profissionais preparados para desempenhar esta tarefa; bem como a indispensabilidade de ferramentas que permitam a organização da informação e a sua disponibilização, no âmbito da comunidade envolvida na arte contemporânea, e ao público em geral.

How to increase brand value expanding the category and brand presence to the main meal occasion for Sumol- Compal

Having registered negative retail value growth of 4% in Portugal in 2014, the juice category is set to decline further by 5,5% until 2019. Manufacturers of juices and nectars are therefore increasingly looking for new categories in order to balance this negative forecast in their home territory. One apparent growth opportunity for Compal, the leading producer of juices and nectars, is to expand its commercial reach to new occasions of consumption. This report carefully analyzes the opportunities related to an expansion to the main meal occasion and introduces a complete marketing and communications plan for a possible new main meal juice, Compal à Mesa. The product concept represents a rather premium positioning for the main meal occasion, including new flavor mixes that are targeted at different occasions of meals. The justification of the introduced concept includes a discussion of the primary and secondary research that was performed

Lightweight concrete masonry units based on processed granulate of corn cob as aggregate

A research work was performed in order to assess the potential application of processed granulate of corn cob (PCC) as an alternative lightweight aggregate for the manufacturing process of lightweight concrete masonry units (CMU). Therefore, CMU-PCC were prepared in a factory using a typical lightweight concrete mixture for non-structural purposes. Additionally, lightweight concrete masonry units based on a currently applied lightweight aggregate such as expanded clay (CMU-EC) were also manufactured. An experimental work allowed achieving a set of results that suggest that the proposed building product presents interesting material properties within the masonry wall context. Therefore, this unit is promising for both interior and exterior applications. This conclusion is even more relevant considering that corn cob is an agricultural waste product.

Mycotoxin contamination of Maize and Guinea corn from markets in Plateau State, Nigeria

Maize (Zea mays) and guinea corn (Sorghum bicolor) are major food items in Plateau state, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the markets and store/warehouses used for this study; sample collection employed a simple random sampling method from different sampling points within designated areas. A total of 18 representative samples were collected and analyzed for the following mycotoxins: aflatoxins (Aflatoxin B1 - AFB1, Aflatoxin B2 - AFB2, Aflatoxin G1 - AFG1 and Aflatoxin G2 - AFG2), fumonisins (Fumonisin B1 - FB1 and Fumonisin B2 - FB2 ) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). Out of 12 samples analyzed for Aflatoxins, AFB1 was detected in 5, AFB2 in 1, AFG1 in 1 and AFG2 in 6 samples respectively. The highest concentration of AFB1 and AFG2 were found in maize samples from Pankshin market. Only maize samples from Mangu market were contaminated with AFB2 and also harboured the lowest concentration of AFG2. AFG1 contamination occurred in only guinea corn from Shendam market. and FB1 was detected in all 18 samples analyzed. The mycotoxin CPA was not detected in any of the samples. Aflatoxins levels in analyzed samples were regarded as safe based on Nigerian and European Union maximum permissible levels of 4g/kg. With the exception of two samples, FB1 levels in analyzed maize samples were within European Union maximum permissible levels of 1,000 to 3000g/kg. The health and food safety implications of these results for the human and animal population are further discussed.

A radiofrequency identification system for the 60 GHz ISM band

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica (área de especialização em Eletrónica Médica)