997 resultados para Callospermarion cf. undulatw
Resumo:
A influência dos fatores abióticos sobre a disponibilidade de presas e a dieta das espécies de serpentes mais abundantes do Planalto Médio do Rio Grande do Sul, foi estudada em duas áreas: floresta e campo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido utilizando serpentes coletadas com os métodos: procura limitada por tempo, encontros ocasionais, armadilhas de interceptação e queda, e serpentes depositadas na coleção de répteis da Universidade de Passo Fundo. Foram registradas as guildas alimentares das seis espécies mais abundantes: anurófagas (n = 2: Echinanthera cyanopleura (Cope, 1885) e Thamnodynates cf. strigatus (Günther, 1858)); rodentívoras (n = 1: Bothrops alternatus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854); moluscófagas (n = 1: Tomodon dorsatus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) e generalistas (n = 2: Liophis poecilogyrus (Wied-Neuwied, 1825) e Philodryas patagoniensis (Girard, 1858)). Dos fatores abióticos analisados, a abundância de serpentes foi mais relacionada à temperatura máxima (R² = 0,66) e não apresentou relação significativa com a pluviosidade. A abundância de anfíbios apresentou relação positiva com a pluviosidade (R² = 0,54) e não foi significativa com a temperatura mínima. A abundância de serpentes não foi correlacionada com a abundância de anfíbios e roedores.
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The helminth communities of silverside, Odontesthes bonariensis (Valenciennes, 1835), from two Argentinean lagoons were studied and compared at component community and infracommunity levels. Nine helminth species were found: five digeneans (Austrodiplostomum cf. mordax, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) cf. diminuta, Ascocotyle sp., Thometrema bonariensis and Saccocoelioides sp.); two nematodes (Contracaecum sp. and Hysterothylacium sp.); one acanthocephalan (Wolffhugelia matercula) and one cestode (Cangatiella macdonaghi). Odontesthes bonariensis is a new host record for five parasite species. Richness, diversity and number of helminths in silversides from Salada Grande lagoon were higher than in those from Lacombe lagoon. This could be related with lagoon size, abundance of mollusks and fish-eating birds, and size and diet of silversides captured in each lagoon. In Salada Grande lagoon the helminth community of silversides was dominated by the allogenic and generalist species A. cf. mordax; while the autogenic and intermediate specialist species C. macdonaghi was dominant in Lacombe lagoon. Host sex did not affect richness, diversity or total abundance, whereas host size was positively correlated with these attributes, except diversity in Salada Grande lagoon.
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1) - Em Guarativana, Estado de Yaracuy, Venezuela, foi determinada a infecção natural de morcegos da espécie Hemiderma perspicillatum (L) por um hemoflagelado do gênero Schizotrypanum CHAGAS. 2) - As formas sanguícolas do parasito são morfologicamente muito semelhantes às do Trypanosoma phyllostomae CARTAYA, 1910, descrito em morcegos da mesma espécie, em Cuba. Sem por ora identificarmos a este parasito o que encontramos na Venezuela, continuaremos a referir-nos a este último como amostra phyllostomae (cf. DIAS, VTDJ). 3) - Os tripanosomas da amostra phyllostomae teem em média 20µ de comprimento total, possuem volumoso blefaroplasto subterminal, núcleo elíptico quese mediano, porem mais próvimo à extremidade anterior do corpo. As seguintes médias foram obtidas da medida de 100 tripanosomas: Extremidade posterior ao meio do núcleo 7,1µ; Meio do núcleo à extremidade anteior 5,0µ; Flagelo livre 7,8µ; Comprimento total 20,0µ; Posição do núcleo (índice PN/NA) 1,4. A amostra phyllostomae mostrou-se biometricamente diferençavel de todas as demais de Schizotupanum estudadas (DIAS & FREITAS). 4) - Formas de multiplicação com a morfologia de leishmania foram encontradas em coração e estômago de morcegos infectados. Tripanosomas em via de divisão nunca foram observados no sangue. 5) - Cobaia, cão e camondongo branco são sensiveis à amostra, sofrendo algumas vezes infecções intensas e mortais. Leishmanias intracelulares e lesões foram encontradas em diversos orgãos, principalmente no coração. 6) - O morcego Phyllostomae hastatus não é sensivel à amostra, apresentando apenas um parasitismo sanguíneo escasso e transitório quando inoculado e reinoculado repetidas vezes. O Molossus obscurus tambem é aparentemente insensivel, enquanto que os Molossus rufus parece receptivel ao parasito. 7) - Após numerosas passagens por animais de laboratório, a amostra Phyllostomae foi infesctante para dois exemplares de Hemiderma perspicillatum do Brasil. Os morcegos H. perpicillatum e H. perspicillatum aztecum são aparentemente resistentes á inoculação do Schizotrypanum cruzi (tipo humano). 8) - A amostra phyllostomae evoluiu facilmente em todos os artrópodes sugadores experimentados: Rhodnius prolixus, Eutriatoma nigromaculata, E. maculata, E. sordida, Panstrongylus megistus, P. geniculatus, Triatoma infestans,Psammolestes arthuri, Cimex hemipterus e Ornithodoros moubata. A evolução processa-se analogamente à do S. chuzi, terminando com a formação de tripanosomas metacíclicos no intestino posterior. 9) - Cultivos artificiais são facilmente conseguidos em meios apropriados. 10) - A amostra phyllostomae distingue-se biológica e morfologicamente de outros hemoflagelados de morcegos (amostras hastatus e vespertilionis). Biologicamente aproxima-se muito do Schizotrydanum cruzi humano, do qual é, entretanto, diferençavel por processos biométricos (DIAS, 1940, DIAS & FREITAS).
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Dosou-se o "clearing factor" (lipase lipoproteica), em pâncreas de ratos normais após serem submetidos a algumas condições experimentais. As seguintes conclusões podem ser extraídas: a) O pãncreas é o órgão mais rico nesta enzima (8 vezes mais que o tecido adiposo, até então considerado o mais rico em CF); b) O jejum total de 48 horas diminui significamente a atividade de CF; c) O complamin, o derivado do ácido nicotínico, agindo sobre a arteriosclerose experimental, não afeta a atividade da enzima; d) O ácido épsilon-aminocapróico (AEAC) potente antagonista da heparina, inibe a ativdade do Cf pancreático; e) Ratos com arteriosclerose experimental apresentam níveis diminuídos desta enzima no pâncreas.
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A virus antigenic characterization methodology using an indirect method of antibody detection ELISA with virus-infected cultured cells as antigen and a micro virus neutralisation test using EIA (NT-EIA) as an aid to reading were used for antigenic characterization of Jatobal (BeAn 423380). Jatobal virus was characterized as a Bunyaviridae, Bunyavirus genus, Simbu serogroup virus. ELISA using infected cultured cells as antigen is a sensitive and reliable method for identification of viruses and has many advantages over conventional antibody capture ELISA's and other tests: it eliminates solid phase coating with virus and laborious antigen preparation; it permits screening of large numbers of virus antisera faster and more easily than by CF, HAI, or plaque reduction NT. ELISA and NT using EIA as an aid to reading can be applicable to viruses which do not produce cytopathogenic effect. Both techniques are applicable to identification of viruses which grow in mosquito cells.
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Pulmonary infection on cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are associated with a limited qualitative number of microorganisms. During the colonization process, Staphylococcus aureus usually preceedes Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This latter is at first non-mucoid, being replaced or associated to a mucoid morphotype which is rare in other diseases. In 1980, Pseudomonas cepacia appeared as an important agent in CF pulmonary infections with a mean frequency of about 6.1% isolations in different parts of the world. The primus colonization mainly occurs in the presence of pre-existent tissue lesions and the clinical progress of the disease is variable. In some patients it can be fulminant; in others it can cause a gradual and slow decrease in their pulmonary functions. The concern with this germ isolation is justified by its antibiotic multiple resistence and the possibility of direct transmission from a colonized patient to a non-colonized one. We reported the first case of P. cepacia infection in a CF patient in our area. The microbiological attendance to this patient had been made from 1986 to 1991 and the first positive culture appeared in 1988. The sensitivity profile showed that the primus colonization strain was sensitive to 9 of 17 tested antibiotics, however in the last culture the strain was resistent to all antibiotics. These data corroborate the need for monitoring the bacterial flora on CF patients respiratory system.
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Rekapitulation der Thesen und Ergebnisse In den nachfolgenden Abschnitten werden zur besseren Übersicht nochmals die zentralen Gesichtspunkte der Untersuchung und der wichtigsten Resultate zusammengefasst Zum Schluss werden die Untersuchungsergebnisse noch unter dem Blickwinkel ihrer praktischen Konsequenzen für die Umsetzung einzelner drogenpolitischer Zielsetzungen ausgewertet und die Problembereiche identifiziert, welche zusätzliche Forschungsanstrengungen erforderlich machen A Theoriebildung und Forschungsansatz Die Untersuchung verwendet einen multimodalen methodischen Ansatz (direkte Befragung Strafaktenanalyse und Auswertung amtlicher Statistiken) zur Analyse typischer Anpassungsmechanismen und konkreter Handlungsstrategien als Reaktion auf den behördliche Repression des lokalen Drogenmarktgeschehens Sie fokussiert auf den Kreis regelmäßiger Heroin und/oder Kokainkonsumenten die sich zeitweilig an bekannten Treffpunkten der sogenannten <
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The [Delta]F508 mutation in the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene was studied in a population of 18 Brazilian CF patients and their 17 families by use of PCR and differential hybridization with oligonucleotides. In a total of 34 chromosomes considered, 12 (35%) carried the F508 deletion, a frequency much lower than that reported in most other populations. As a consequence, CF in Brazil would be predominantly caused by mutations different from the F508 deletion
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This paper reports on the standardization of four serological reactions currently used in human serodiagnosis for the detection of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in naturally and experimentally infected dogs. Indirect immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and hemagglutination test (IHAT) were standardized, and complement fixation test (CFT) and direct agglutination test (DAT) were used for diagnostic confirmation. Four hundred and eighty one mongrel dogs that were studied by xenodiagnosis were used: (1) parasitemic dogs of two localities of endemic area (EA) of Santiago del Estero province in Argentina (n = 134); (2) non-parasitemic dogs of the same area (n = 285); (3) dogs experimentally infected with T. cruzi in the patent period (n = 6); (4) non-infected dogs (n = 56) which were born in the city of Buenos Aires (BA), one non-EA for Chagas' disease. For IFAT, parasitemic dogs EA showed 95% of reactive sera. Non parasitemic dogs EA showed 77% of non reactive sera. None sera from BA were reactive for dilutions higher than four. For IHAT, 84% of sera of parasitemic dogs EA showed serological reactivity and among non parasitemic dogs BA, 61% were non reactive, while the remainder showed at most titres of 1/16. The cut-off titres for IFAT and IHAT were 1/16 and 1/32 respectively, and for CFT and DAT 1/1 and 1/128 respectively. Sensitivity for IFAT, IHAT, CF and DAT were 95%, 84%, 97% and 95% respectively.
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ABSTRACT 1. Il existe des données épidémiologiques et expérimentales mettant en lien une carence en fer sans anémie (CF-A) et troubles de la concentration, fatigue, faiblesse musculaire, ainsi que diminution des performances sportives, et ce surtout chez le grand adolescent et l'adulte jeune. Certaines études sont toutefois sujettes à critique, souvent en raison de la présence de facteurs confondants importants associés à la CF-A (niveau d'évidence 1b à 4). Chez l'enfant, les données sont également plus hétérogènes, et d'autant plus difficiles à interpréter que les études à disposition présentent elles-aussi de nombreux facteurs confondants. De manière générale, une certaine prudence doit en conséquence être de mise avant d'attribuer de tels symptômes à une carence en fer (CF).
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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine produced by activated macrophages and other cells. In order to verify whether the serum levels of TNF-α in American tegumentary leishmaniasis patients are associated with the process of cure or aggravation of the disease, 41 patients were studied: 26 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and 15 of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). During active disease the serum levels of TNF-α of MCL patients were significantly higher than those of CL patients and control subjects (healthy individuals and cutaneous lesions from other etiologies). The MCL patients had serum titers of TNF-α significantly lower at the end of antimonial therapy than before therapy. After a six-month follow-up, the MCL patients had serum levels of TNF-α similar to those observed at the end of the therapy as well as to those of CL patients and control subjects. No significant variation in the serum levels of TNF-α was observed in CL patients throughout the study period (before, at the end of therapy and after a six-month follow-up). The possible relationship between the high TNF-α serum levels and severity of the disease is discussed.
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In the semantic analysis of tenses, the term event is frequently used. For example, following REICHENBACH (1947, 288), many studies mention three "points", within which (E) represents the "point of the event". Besides, like MARTIN (1985, 25), it is commonly considered -often implicitly- that "the duration of the utterance can [...] ideally be reduced to an instant t 0 [i.e. a point], [...] since within the utterance, truth conditions remain unaltered". However, events as well as utterances take time (cf. the use of "intervals " by GOSSELIN 1996). Here, I will analyze Present tense utterances such as "le ballon franchit la ligne" (the ball crosses/is crossing the line), for which the described event ("achievement" for VENDLER 1957; "réalisation instantanée" for VETTERS 1996) is shorter than the utterance that mentions it. I will show why the telic character (GAREY 1957) of achievements -unlike the other types of processes- makes it difficult to express an event contemporary to speech time since, against MARTIN's (1985, 25) idealization, truth conditions vary throughout the utterance. Taking encoding as the basis (somewhat following LEVELT 1989), I will argue that truth-condition variation can naturally lead to the over-represented use of past tenses (Passé composé in French) in child language for the expression of telic events during early acquisition (cf. e.g. WAGNER 2009).
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A clinical study on the evolution of patients with schistosomiasis mansoni has been conducted since 1983 at the outpatient clinic of the Infectious and Parasitic Disease Service in the Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, comparing prevalence of positive tests for HBsAg, anti-HBsAg, and anti-HBc among patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni coming from various regions of Brazil and with different clinical forms of the disease. A non-significant predominance of HBsAg, anti-HBsAg, and anti-HBc was detected among patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis, who presented a more severe clinical evolution with a higher frequency of hematemesis and/or melena, in addition to the development of macronodular cirrhosis and a worse prognosis as compared to patients with the toxemic form, schistosomiasis-infection and the hepatointestinal form.